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24-563: Designed by Marcello Gandini of Bertone , it was created to supply Ferruccio Lamborghini with a true four-seater car for his lineup which already included the 400GT 2+2 and the Miura . Mr. Lamborghini initially viewed the creation of the Marzal as advertising rather than a production model, stating: The Marzal was not developed as a production car. If you present a car like the Marzal at automobile shows such as Geneva, Turin, and Frankfurt all

48-409: A moderately small anvil" had been placed in the front compartment of the Marzal in order to level the ride height from front to back. Overall length was 4,450 millimetres (175 in), width 1,700 millimetres (67 in) and height 1,100 millimetres (43 in). The suspension, steering and brakes used in the Marzal were all taken from the production Miura. Suspension travel was limited compared to

72-412: A straight external spline section and a tapered interface at the hub base. The wheel centers have internal splines and a matching taper to align and center them on the hub. The wheels are fastened to the hub by means of a winged, threaded nut, called a "knock-off" or "spinner." Usually, this will feature right-hand threads on the left side of the vehicle, and left-hand threads (rotate clockwise to remove) on

96-436: Is mostly used in racing and high end sports cars. The centerlock wheel and hub system was first introduced by Rudge-Whitworth in the early 1900s, for use in automobile wire wheels . Initially called "QD" (for "quickly disconnectable") the basic mechanism for "knock-off" style centerlock hubs was patented by 1908. It was quickly adopted by auto manufacturers and racers. Although Rudge-Whitworth knock off hubs were excluded from

120-552: The 1908 French Grand Prix due to safety concerns, by 1913 the technology was universally used in Grand Prix automobile racing . In 1922, Carlo Borrani licensed the Rudge-Whitworth "knock off" wheel and hub design and started his own company to manufacture them. This company was initially named Rudge-Whitworth Milano, then in the late 1930s was renamed to Carlo Borrani, S.p.A. Borrani wire wheels further popularized

144-490: The Bertone Design Study Museum. It sold at RM Sotheby's Villa d'Este auction on 21 May 2011 for 1,512,000 Euros including buyer's premium. The Marzal was powered by a 2.0 L inline-six engine , which produced a claimed 175 bhp (130 kW) at 6800 rpm and a peak torque of 18.2 kilogram metres (132 lb⋅ft) at 4600 rpm. Top speed was estimated at 118 miles per hour (190 km/h). This engine

168-475: The Miura, due to the design of the bodywork. Bertone designed unique 14 in diameter by 6.5 inch wide magnesium centerlock wheels, made by Campagnolo. These were similar in construction to those used on the Miura and Espada, but were visually unique, with two rows of nearly-hexagonal air ducts. Pirelli Cinturato HS tires in size 205-14 were fitted. In total, 4.5 square metres (48 sq ft) of glass paneling

192-468: The car on his traditional parade lap before the start of the race. The car made a second public appearance at the 1996 Concorso Italiano in Monterey, California in honor of Carrozzeria Bertone . The Lamborghini Athon was also exhibited at this time. The car was driven by Prince Albert II during the opening ceremony of the 2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco . The Marzal was located for a long time in

216-422: The centerlock's continued association with racing and high performance, some automobile manufacturers and tuners install centerlock wheel and hub systems on road-going sports cars. Starting with the introduction of the type by Rudge-Whitworth in the early 1900s, centerlocking hub systems were of the "knock-off" (also known as "knock-on") type. These consist of a shaft at the hub, with an external screw thread ,

240-474: The design of the centerlock mechanism is seen among manufacturers. In particular, Porsche has developed a proprietary center locking design for use on race and road cars such as the RS Spyder and the 911 Turbo . In Formula One cars, individual manufactures may use proprietary centerlocking hub and nut designs. These often have unique, specially shaped nuts designed to interface with the tools used to tighten

264-409: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 223482239 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:54:38 GMT Centerlock wheel A centerlock wheel is a type of automobile wheel in which the wheel is fastened to the axle using a single, central nut, instead of the more common ring of 4 or 5 lug nuts or bolts. It

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288-494: The hub by a single large hex nut. A hollow, tapered shaft centers the wheel on the hub. Torque is transmitted by pins and matching holes at the hub-wheel interface. The retaining nut requires a large amount of torque to secure, therefore a long-handled torque wrench or a powerful impact wrench (also called a "wheel gun") is used to tighten it. Wheels of this type are used on many modern racing cars, including NASCAR , Formula One and racing sports cars . Some variation among

312-461: The knock off wheel/hub design and were seen in many successful racing and road cars. Their design used aluminum alloy rims instead of steel, improving unsprung mass and thus overall performance. Early customers for Borrani wheels included Alfa Romeo , Isotta Fraschini , Fiat , Lancia , Porsche , Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union . In the post-war period, these wheels were also fitted to many Ferrari road and racing cars, among other makes. In

336-540: The late 1960s, road car safety regulations in the United States and Germany led to the removal of the distinctive wings or "ears" from knock-off hub nuts. Some manufacturers retained the same internal design based on the Rudge-Whitworth pattern but instead using a hex nut for fastening. Road car design gradually moved away from centerlock hubs towards 4, 5 or 6- lug nut wheel fastening systems. Centerlock wheels and hubs continued to be used for racing cars, although

360-506: The magazines report on the first page about it. You would rather spend 100 million lire for building such an automobile which is still less expensive than paying for all the advertising. That would cost almost a billion lire. So it compensates in any case to build such a throwaway car. The Marzal remained a one-off, though the general shape and many of the ideas would later be used in the Lamborghini Espada . The Marzal's styling

384-506: The matching tapers on hub and wheel, leading to spline damage, excess play in the mechanism and/or difficulty of wheel removal and installation. Following the introduction of safety regulations in the late 1960s which forbade the winged spinner nuts, many manufacturers used the same basic mechanism with a hex nut. The visual appearance of the knock-off nut was incorporated as a styling element on spinner hubcaps , primarily used on American cars. Most modern centerlock wheels are fastened to

408-520: The mechanical details of the design gradually changed from the original Rudge-Whitworth pattern. Formula One , sports car racing , NASCAR (Cup Series seventh-generation car, from 2022 onwards) and many other types of racing use a form of centerlock hub. Compared to lug nuts, centerlock wheels and hubs are better suited for racing because they can be removed and attached faster during pit stops , allow hub designs with more space for large brake discs and have greater strength when properly installed. Due to

432-526: The nuts, in order to improve torque transmission and pit stop speed. The nuts themselves may have a mechanism that retains them inside the wheel once it is removed from the hub, to prevent loss and further streamline wheel changes. FIA rules also mandate an additional locking mechanism be included in F1 centerlock hubs, which manufacturers have implemented in different ways. Several automotive parts manufacturers market centerlock adapters, designed to convert hubs with

456-405: The thin, wedge-shaped nose. Several companies made die-cast models based on the Marzal, including Dinky Toys and Matchbox . Many were in other colours such as orange , despite the original show car being painted silver. The Marzal appeared in action at a public event for the first time at the 1967 Monaco Grand Prix when Prince Rainier III , accompanied by his wife, Princess Grace , drove

480-429: The vehicle's right side so the screw-on spinner would stay tightened as the auto was in forward motion. This nut is tightened and loosened by means of hammer strikes to the wings, leading to the name "knock-off." A heavy hammer made of a soft metal such as copper or lead was usually used for this purpose. Instructions for proper installation force vary, but overtightening of the mechanism should be avoided as it can distort

504-428: Was based on the production Miura chassis, extended by 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and stiffened. The resulting wheelbase was 2,620 millimetres (103 in). The front hood was made from aluminum with the remaining non-glazed bodywork constructed from steel. Gross weight was 2,690 pounds (1,220 kg). When visiting Bertone in the spring of 1967, journalist L.J.K. Setright observed that "five large blocks of metal and

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528-466: Was designed by Giampaolo Dallara and was a split-in-half version of the 4.0L Lamborghini V12 , mated to a 5-speed transaxle . It was equipped with three Weber 40 DCOE carburetors, with air intakes positioned directly behind the rear passengers' heads. The engine was mounted transversely in the rear of the car, fully behind the rear axle. The transaxle was from a Miura, with a higher final drive ratio of 5.30 to improve acceleration. The Marzal chassis

552-456: Was radical at the time of its introduction, with magazine Road & Track calling it "A Bertone design so fresh that everything else looks old fashioned." It was distinguished by glazed gull-wing doors and a strong hexagonal motif throughout, including in the louvered rear window, interior trim and unique Campagnolo magnesium wheels. Other innovative styling elements included silver interior upholstery and 6 narrow S.E.V. Marchal headlamps in

576-575: Was used in the Marzal, all supplied by Glaverbel . This company had previously provided Bertone with the glass used in the Alfa Romeo Carabo and the Miura's rear window. An air conditioning system was installed in order to deal with the resulting high passenger compartment temperatures. Marcello Gandini Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

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