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81-605: The history of Langenburg begins with the building of a castle on the western hill crag. Prehistoric settling is likely, but not proven. Langenburg is first documented in 1226. The free Lords of Langenburg, which stepped into history in 1201, were closely related to the Lords of Hohenlohe. Maybe they even held family bonds. After the Langenburgs had died out, the Hohenlohe family inherited the possessions. Langenburg thus came under

162-609: A confessional division arose when the two sons of Georg Friedrich II of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Christian (founder of the Bartenstein line) and Ludwig Gustav (founder of the Schillingsfürst line), converted to the Catholic Church . After the extinction of two other protestant side lines, Waldenburg in 1679 and Waldenburg- Pfedelbach in 1728, the whole property of the main branch Hohenlohe-Waldenburg

243-773: A controversy arose about the succession. Duke Frederick II and Conrad , the two current male Staufers, by their mother Agnes, were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor (formally known as the King of the Romans ) through a customary election, but lost to the Saxon duke Lothair of Supplinburg . A civil war between Frederick's dynasty and Lothair's ended with Frederick's submission in 1134. After Lothair's death in 1137, Frederick's brother Conrad

324-519: A government office for the county of Gleichen at Ehrenstein Castle until 1848. Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen , had acquired the estates of Slawentzitz , Ujest and Bitschin in Silesia by marriage in 1782, an area of 108 square miles, where his grandson Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen , Duke of Ujest, established calamine mines and founded one of the largest zinc smelting plants in

405-459: A largely free class of officials previously formed, many of these assumed or acquired hereditary rights to administrative and legal offices. These trends compounded political fragmentation within Germany. The period was ended in 1273 with the election of Rudolph of Habsburg , a godson of Frederick. Conrad IV was succeeded as duke of Swabia by his only son, two-year-old Conradin . By this time,

486-482: A museum, to the state. The existing branches of the Hohenlohe family are descended from the lines of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg , established in 1551 by Ludwig Kasimir (d. 1568) and Eberhard (d. 1570), the sons of Count Georg I (d. 1551). Since Georg had become protestant on his deathbed, the reformation was introduced in the county and confirmed by the Peace of Augsburg in 1556. In 1667 however,

567-877: A successful campaign against the Kingdom of Poland in order to re-install the Silesian dukes of the Piast dynasty. With the German colonization, the Empire increased in size and came to include the Duchy of Pomerania . A quickening economic life in Germany increased the number of towns and Imperial cities , and gave them greater importance. It was also during this period that castles and courts replaced monasteries as centers of culture. Growing out of this courtly culture, Middle High German literature reached its peak in lyrical love poetry,

648-425: A wholesale denuding of royal power and it did not prevent imperial officials from enforcing Frederick’s prerogatives. The Statutum affirmed a division of labor between the emperor and the princes and laid much groundwork for the development of particularism and, perhaps even federalism in Germany. Even so, from 1232 the vassals of the emperor had a veto over imperial legislative decisions and any new law established by

729-462: Is a contemporary term for both the hill and the castle, although its spelling in the Latin documents of the time varies considerably: Sthouf, Stophe, Stophen, Stoyphe, Estufin , etc. The castle was built or at least acquired by Duke Frederick I of Swabia in the latter half of the 11th century. Members of the family occasionally used the toponymic surname de Stauf or variants thereof. Only in

810-600: Is part of the East Franconian German dialect group and the population still values its traditional distinct identity. Notable members of the von Hohenlohe family include: (*) still owned by members of the House of Hohenlohe The Legion de Hohenlohe was a unit of foreign soldiers serving in the French Army until 1831, when its members (as well as those of the disbanded Swiss Guards ) were folded into

891-480: Is shown clearly in the imperial Landfried issued at Mainz in 1235, which explicitly enjoined the princes as loyal vassals to exercise their own jurisdictions in their own localities. The jurisdictional autarky of the German princes was favoured by the crown itself in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the interests of order and local peace. The inevitable result was the territorial particularism of churchmen, lay princes, and interstitial cities. However, Frederick II

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972-403: Is unlikely that a particularly “strong ruler” such as Frederick II would have even pragmatically agreed to legislation that was concessionary rather than cooperative, neither would the princes have insisted on such. Frederick II used the political loyalty and practical jurisdictions of the German aristocracy to support his kingly duty of imposing peace, order, and justice upon the German realm. This

1053-659: The Battle of Kitzingen gaining Uffenheim in the aftermath. In 1273 Kraft of Hohenlohe fought at the Battle on the Marchfeld on the side of king Rudolf of Habsburg . By 1300, town and castle Schillingsfürst had also passed into the possession of the Hohenlohe lords. Hohlach later became part of the Principality of Ansbach , a subsequent state of the Hohenzollern Burgraviate of Nuremberg , to which

1134-763: The Franconian Circle . They also had six voices in the Franconian College of Imperial Counts (Fränkisches Reichsgrafenkollegium) of the Imperial Diet ( Reichstag ). The right to vote in the Imperial Diet gave a German noble family the status of imperial state ( Reichsstände ) and made them belong to the High Nobility ( Hoher Adel ), on a par with ruling princes and dukes. By 1455, Albrecht of Hohenlohe had acquired

1215-567: The Hohenzollern margraves of Ansbach in 1448. Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe was divided into several branches, two of which were Hohenlohe-Weikersheim and Hohenlohe-Uffenheim- Speckfeld (1330–1412). Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, descended from count Kraft I (died 1313), also underwent several divisions, the most important following the deaths of counts Albert and George in 1551. At this time the two main branches of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg were founded by George's sons. Meanwhile, in 1412,

1296-568: The Holy Roman Empire , which was divided between several branches. In 1806, the area of Hohenlohe was 1,760 km² and its estimated population was 108,000. The motto of the house is Ex flammis orior ( Latin for 'From flames I rise'). The Lords of Hohenlohe were elevated to the rank of Imperial Counts in 1450, and from 1744, the territory and its rulers were princely. In 1825, the German Confederation recognized

1377-473: The Kingdom of Sicily in 1189 and 1194 respectively, a source of vast wealth. Henry failed to make royal and Imperial succession hereditary, but in 1196 he succeeded in gaining a pledge that his infant son Frederick would receive the German crown. Faced with difficulties in Italy and confident that he would realize his wishes in Germany at a later date, Henry returned to the south, where it appeared he might unify

1458-567: The Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynasty's most prominent rulers – Frederick I (1155), Henry VI (1191) and Frederick II (1220) – ascended the imperial throne and also reigned over Italy and Burgundy . The non-contemporary name of 'Hohenstaufen' is derived from the family's Hohenstaufen Castle on Hohenstaufen mountain at the northern fringes of the Swabian Jura , near the town of Göppingen . Under Hohenstaufen rule,

1539-595: The Minnesang , and in narrative epic poems such as Tristan , Parzival , and the Nibelungenlied . Frederick died in 1190 while on the Third Crusade and was succeeded by his son, Henry VI . Elected king even before his father's death, Henry went to Rome to be crowned emperor. He married Princess Constance of Sicily , and deaths in his wife's family gave him claim of succession and possession of

1620-772: The Second Crusade at Speyer , and he agreed to join King Louis VII of France in a great expedition to the Holy Land which failed. Conrad's brother Duke Frederick II died in 1147, and was succeeded in Swabia by his son, Duke Frederick III . When King Conrad III died without adult heir in 1152, Frederick also succeeded him, taking both German royal and Imperial titles. Frederick I (Reign 2 January 1155 – 10 June 1190), known as Frederick Barbarossa because of his red beard, struggled throughout his reign to restore

1701-540: The Svevi (Swabians). The origin remains unclear, however, Staufer counts are mentioned in a document of emperor Otto III in 987 as descendants of counts of the region of Riesgau near Nördlingen in the Duchy of Swabia , who were related to the Bavarian Sieghardinger family. A local count Frederick (d. about 1075) is mentioned as progenitor in a pedigree drawn up by Abbot Wibald of Stavelot at

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1782-543: The 13th century would the name come to be applied to the family as a whole. Around 1215, a chronicler referred to the "emperors of Stauf". In 1247, the Emperor Frederick II himself referred to his family as the domus Stoffensis (Staufer house), but this was an isolated instance. Otto of Freising (d. 1158) associated the Staufer with the town of Waiblingen , and around 1230, Burchard of Ursberg referred to

1863-689: The Act of the Confederation of the Rhine . Therefore, the region of Hohenlohe is presently located for the most part in the north eastern part of the State of Baden-Württemberg (forming the counties of Hohenlohe , Schwäbisch Hall and the southern part of Main-Tauber-Kreis ), with smaller parts in the Bavarian administrative districts of Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia . The Hohenlohisch dialect

1944-580: The Child , grandson of the late Saxon duke Henry the Lion, was named Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg . The power struggle with the popes continued and resulted in Frederick's excommunication in 1227. In 1239, Pope Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick again, and in 1245 he was condemned as a heretic by a church council. Although Frederick II was perhaps one of the most energetic, imaginative, and capable rulers of

2025-554: The Hohenlohe family had sold the nearby town of Uffenheim in 1378, and Hohlach some time later. Yet, the name Hohenlohe remained attached to the county with its other territories. The branch of Hohenlohe-Brauneck received Jagstberg Castle (near Mulfingen ) as af fief from the Bishop of Würzburg around 1300, which later came to various other feudal holders, but repeatedly also back to the House of Hohenlohe. The Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck became extinct in 1390, their lands were sold to

2106-669: The Hohenstaufen but he spent little time in Germany. His main concerns lay in Italy and the Kingdom of Sicily, where he ruled as an absolute monarch supported by a sophisticated administrative apparatus. The institutions of Sicily and Italy seemed to be better political laboratories, more conducive to Frederick’s remarkable brand of innovation and absolutist tendencies. He founded the University of Naples in 1224 to train future state officials and reigned over Germany primarily through

2187-523: The Holy Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent from 1155 to 1268. The name Hohenstaufen was first used in the 14th century to distinguish the 'high' ( hohen ) conical hill named Staufen in the Swabian Jura (in the district of Göppingen ) from the village of the same name in the valley below. The new name was applied to the hill castle of Staufen by historians only in the 19th century to distinguish it from other castles of

2268-751: The House of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst inherited the dukedom of Ratibor in Silesia in 1834, together with the principality of Corvey in Westphalia. While the Silesian property was expropriated in Poland in 1945, Corvey Abbey remains owned by the Duke of Ratibor to this day, together with further inherited properties in Austria. The Holy Roman Emperors granted the title of Imperial Prince ( Reichsfürst ) to

2349-669: The Italian counties of Molise and Romagna in 1229/30, but they were not able to hold them for long. Gottfried was a tutor and close advisor to the emperor's son king Conrad IV . When the latter survived an assassination attempt plotted by bishop Albert of Regensburg, he granted Gottfried some possessions of the Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg , namely the Vogt position for the Augustine Stift at Öhringen and

2430-815: The Kingdom of Sicily. The sophistication of the Constitutions or the Liber Augustalis set Frederick as perhaps the supreme lawgiver of the Middle Ages. The Constitutions drew upon decades of Siculo-Norman governmental tradition stretching back to his maternal grandfather, Roger II of Sicily . Almost every aspect in Frederick’s tightly-governed kingdom was regulated, from a rigorously centralized judiciary and bureaucracy, to commerce, coinage, financial policy, weights and measures, legal equality for all citizens, protections for women, and even provisions for

2511-496: The Lion of Saxony and Bavaria in 1180, but his hopes of restoring the power and prestige of the monarchy seemed unlikely to be met by the end of his life. During Frederick's long stays in Italy, the German princes became stronger and began a successful colonization of Slavic lands. Offers of reduced taxes and manorial duties enticed many Germans to settle in the east in the course of the Ostsiedlung . In 1163 Frederick waged

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2592-534: The Netherlands. The first ruling Hohenstaufen, Conrad III, like the last one, Conrad IV, was never crowned emperor. After a 20-year period (Great interregnum 1254–1273), the first Habsburg was elected king. Note: The following kings are already listed above as German Kings Note: Some of the following kings are already listed above as German Kings Note: Some of the following dukes are already listed above as German Kings The colors denotes

2673-435: The Romans in Germany. None of these claimants were able to achieve any position of authority much less the power and imperial grandeur of the Hohenstaufen. The German princes vied for individual advantage and managed to strip many powers away from the diminished monarchy. Rather than establish sovereign states however, many nobles tended to look after their families. Their many male heirs created more and smaller estates, and from

2754-462: The Staufer as of the "royal lineage of the Waiblingens" ( regia stirps Waiblingensium ). The exact connection between the family and Waiblingen is not clear, but as a name for the family, it became very popular. The pro-imperial Ghibelline faction of the Italian civic rivalries of the 13th and 14th centuries derived its name from Waiblingen. In Italian historiography, the Staufer are known as

2835-620: The Waldenburg line (in 1744) and to the Neuenstein (Öhringen) line (in 1764). In 1757, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated possessions of the Waldenburg line to the status of Imperial Principality. In 1772, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated possessions of the Neuenstein and Langenburg lines to the status of Imperial Principality. On 12 July 1806, the principalities became parts of the kingdoms of Bavaria and of Württemberg by

2916-464: The Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France , who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines . Frederick had returned to Germany in 1212 from Sicily, where he had grown up, and was elected king in 1215. When Otto died in 1218, Frederick became the undisputed ruler, and in 1220

2997-538: The allocation of royal prerogatives, leaving the sovereign authority and imperial estates to the ecclesiastical and secular princes. In 1232, Henry (VII), King of Germany and Frederick’s eldest son, was forced by the German princes to promulgate the Statutum in favorem principum ("statute in favor of princes"). Frederick II, embittered but aiming to promote cohesion in Germany in preparation for his campaigns in northern Italy, pragmatically agreed to Henry’s confirmation of

3078-462: The behest of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1153. He held the office of a Swabian count palatine ; his son Frederick of Büren ( c.  1020 –1053) married Hildegard of Egisheim - Dagsburg (d. 1094/95), a niece of Pope Leo IX . Their son Frederick I was appointed Duke of Swabia at Hohenstaufen Castle by the Salian king Henry IV of Germany in 1079. At the same time, Duke Frederick I

3159-668: The boy's uncle, Duke Philip of Swabia , brother of late Henry VI, was designated to serve in his place. Other factions however favoured a Welf candidate. In 1198, two rival kings were chosen: the Hohenstaufen Philip of Swabia and the son of the deprived Duke Henry the Lion , the Welf Otto IV . A long civil war began; Philip was about to win when he was murdered by the Bavarian count palatine Otto VIII of Wittelsbach in 1208. Pope Innocent III initially had supported

3240-407: The branch of Hohenlohe-Uffenheim-Speckfeld had become extinct, and its lands passed to other families by marriage. George Hohenlohe was prince-bishop of Passau (1390–1423) and archbishop of Esztergom (1418–1423), serving King Sigismund of Hungary (the later King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor). In 1450, Emperor Frederick III granted Kraft of Hohenlohe (died 1472) and his brother, Albrecht,

3321-564: The castle and lordship of Bartenstein (near Schrozberg ). In 1472 the town and castle of Pfedelbach were bought by the Hohenlohe family. In 1586, Weikersheim was inherited by count Wolfgang who reconstructed the medieval Weikersheim Castle into a Renaissance palace. When the last Weikersheim count, Carl Ludwig, died around 1760, his lands were divided between the Langenburg, Neuenstein and Öhringen branches; in 1967, Prince Constantin of Hohenlohe-Langenburg sold Weikersheim Castle, meanwhile

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3402-441: The charter. It was a charter of liberties for the leading German princes at the expense of the lesser nobility and the entirety of the commoners. The princes gained whole power of jurisdiction, and the power to strike their own coins. The emperor lost his right to establish new cities, castles and mints over their territories. The Statutum was more a confirmation of political realities which had existed for generations in Germany than

3483-468: The emperor elevated their lordship Hohenlohe to the status of an imperial county . The county remained divided between several family branches, however still being an undivided Imperial Fief under the imperial jurisdiction, and was to be represented by the family's senior vis-à-vis the imperial court . The Hohenlohes were Imperial Counts having two voices in the Diet (or Assembly, called Kreistag ) of

3564-408: The emperor had to be approved by the princes. These provisions not withstanding, royal power in Germany remained strong under Frederick. By the 1240s the crown was almost as rich in fiscal resources, towns, castles, enfeoffed retinues, monasteries, ecclesiastical advocacies, manors, tolls, and all other rights, revenues, and jurisdictions as it had ever been at any time since the death of Henry VI. It

3645-528: The entire Middle Ages, he seemed to be less concerned with drawing the disparate forces in Germany together. Frederick was pragmatic enough to realize that for all his ability and power, his time and focus could only be fully concentrated either north or south of the Alps, where the bulk of his resources lay. Frederick II’s most profound legal legacy remains the Constitutions of Melfi promulgated in 1231 in

3726-515: The environment and public health. Per the Constitutions, Frederick II was lex animata and ruled as an absolute monarch. The Constitutions have been regarded as perhaps the “birth certificate” of the modern continental European state. From 1240, Frederick II was determined to push through far-reaching reforms to establish the Sicilian kingdom and Imperial Italy as a unified state bound by a centralized administration. The new unified administration

3807-538: The first time in 1178 which is derived from the no longer existing Hohlach Castle near Simmershofen in Middle Franconia. His brother Heinrich also called himself so from 1182 (in the versions “Hohenlach” or “Holach”) which later was to become Hohenlohe . The name means “high-lying wood” (high Loh). The name Hohenlohe was probably adopted because Weikersheim was a fiefdom of the Comburg monastery, but Hohlach

3888-401: The late Staufer period, the population had grown from an estimated 8 million in 1200 to about 14 million in 1300, and the number of towns increased tenfold. The most heavily urbanized areas of Germany were in the south and the west. Towns often developed a degree of independence, but many were subordinate to local rulers if not immediate to the emperor. Colonization of the east also continued in

3969-799: The longest-lived noble families in Germany and Europe. The large state coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg today bears the Frankish rake of the former Duchy of East and West Franconia, which also included the Franconian region of Baden-Württemberg around Heilbronn-Hohenlohe. The dynasty is related to the Staufers around the famous Emperor Barbarossa , and also to the British royal family through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria 's half-sister Princess Feodora of Leiningen . The first ancestor

4050-411: The newly-raised French Foreign Legion for service in Algeria. Hohenstaufen The Hohenstaufen dynasty ( / ˈ h oʊ ə n ʃ t aʊ f ən / , US also /- s t aʊ -/ , German: [ˌhoːənˈʃtaʊfn̩] ), also known as the Staufer , was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during

4131-419: The office of duke of Swabia had been fully subsumed into the office of the king, and without royal authority had become meaningless. In 1261, attempts to elect young Conradin king were unsuccessful. He also had to defend Sicily against an invasion, sponsored by Pope Urban IV (Jacques Pantaléon) and Pope Clement IV (Guy Folques), by Charles of Anjou , a brother of the French king. Charles had been promised by

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4212-436: The peninsula under the Hohenstaufen name. After a series of military victories, however, he fell ill and died of natural causes in Sicily in 1197. His underage son Frederick could only succeed him in Sicily and Malta, while in the Empire the struggle between the House of Staufen and the House of Welf erupted once again. Because the election of a three-year-old boy to be German king appeared likely to make orderly rule difficult,

4293-492: The peninsula yielded scant results. The Papacy and the prosperous city-states of the Lombard League in northern Italy were traditional enemies, but the fear of Imperial domination caused them to join ranks to fight Frederick. Under the skilled leadership of Pope Alexander III , the alliance suffered many defeats but ultimately was able to deny the emperor a complete victory in Italy. Frederick returned to Germany. He had vanquished one notable opponent, his Welf cousin, Duke Henry

4374-405: The popes the Kingdom of Sicily, where he would replace the relatives of Frederick II. Charles had defeated Conradin's uncle Manfred, King of Sicily , in the Battle of Benevento on 26 February 1266. The king himself, refusing to flee, rushed into the midst of his enemies and was killed. Conradin's campaign to retake control ended with his defeat in 1268 at the Battle of Tagliacozzo , after which he

4455-415: The power and prestige of the German monarchy against the dukes, whose power had grown both before and after the Investiture Controversy under his Salian predecessors. As royal access to the resources of the church in Germany was much reduced, Frederick was forced to go to Italy to find the finances needed to restore the king's power in Germany. He was soon crowned emperor in Italy, but decades of warfare on

4536-488: The prototype for the great signori who dominated Italy in later generations, each a petty sovereign in Frederick’s image—some even continued to claim the title of imperial vicar. By the time of Frederick's death in 1250, the crown in Germany was still formidable and Conrad IV , Frederick’s eldest surviving legitimate son and heir, enjoyed a strong position. However after Conrad’s death in 1254, The Great Interregnum followed which saw several rival claimants elected as King of

4617-431: The residence of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in 1527 and remained the headquarters of the Order until 1809. The son Heinrich von Hohenlohe (d. 1249) became Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. His grandsons, Gottfried and Conrad, supporters of Emperor Frederick II , founded the lines of Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe and Hohenlohe-Brauneck in 1230, the names taken from their respective castles. The emperor granted them

4698-412: The right of all members of the house to be styled as Serene Highness (German: Durchlaucht ), with the title of Fürst for the heads of its branches, and the title of prince/princess for the other members. From 1861, the Hohenlohe- Öhringen branch was also of ducal status as dukes of Ujest . Due to the continuous lineage of the dynasty until the present time, it is considered to be one of

4779-407: The rule of Hohenlohe and remained part of the Principality for the next centuries. Since 1568 Langenburg was the residency of the county and latter principality Hohenlohe-Langenburg . In the 17th century, Langenburg was the site of witch trials . The last victims, Anna Schmieg and Barbara Schleicher, were executed in 1672. Langenburg has a vintage car museum and the large Langenburg Castle ,

4860-406: The same name. The name of the dynasty followed suit, but in recent decades, the trend in German historiography has been to prefer the name 'Staufer', which is closer to contemporary usage. The name 'Staufen' itself derives from Stauf ( OHG stouf , akin to Early Modern English stoup ), meaning ' chalice '. This term was commonly applied to conical hills in Swabia during the Middle Ages. It

4941-420: The seat of the family of Hohenlohe-Langenburg . The current owner of the castle and estate is Philipp, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg . This Schwäbisch Hall district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hohenlohe The House of Hohenlohe ( pronounced [hoːənˈloːə] ) is a German princely dynasty. It formerly ruled an immediate territory within

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5022-435: The sons of Elizabeth of Hanau , heiress of Ziegenhain, the title Count of Ziegenhain ( Graf zu Ziegenhain ) and invested them with the County of Ziegenhain . Actually, the Landgraves of Hesse soon took the County of Ziegenhain. After decades of, sometimes armed, conflict, the Hohenlohe gave up their claim to Ziegenhain in favor of the Hessian landgrave in a settlement with financial compensation in 1495. In this context,

5103-458: The third son, died around 1183; he had five sons, of whom Andreas, Heinrich and Friedrich entered the Teutonic Order and thus the clergy, as a result of which the House of Hohenlohe lost important possessions around Mergentheim to the order. Like Hohlach Castle, these had probably fallen to the Lords of Weikersheim through marriage. In 1219 Mergentheim became the seat of the Mergentheim Commandery  [ de ] . Mergentheim Palace became

5184-437: The thirteenth century, most notably through the efforts of the Teutonic Knights. German merchants also began trading extensively on the Baltic . The Kyffhäuser Monument was erected to commemorate Frederick I, and was inaugurated in 1896. On October 29, 1968, the 700th anniversary of the death of Konradin, a society known as "Society for Staufer History" ( de ) was founded in Göppingen . The Castel del Monte, Apulia which

5265-406: The towns of Neuenstein and Waldenburg . Gottfried's son Kraft I acquired the town of Ingelfingen with Lichteneck Castle. In 1253 the town and castle of Langenburg were inherited by the lords of Hohenlohe, after the lords of Langenburg had become extinct. During the Interregnum the Hohenlohe sided with the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg and defeated the count of Henneberg and his coalition at

5346-449: The wife of Conrad von Pfitzingen named Sophie was an illegitimate daughter of Conrad III Hohenstaufen, King of Germany , with a noble lady named Gerberga. The Hohenlohe family therefore later boasted of a kinship with the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen . Heinrich von Weikersheim is mentioned in documents from 1156 to 1182 and Adelbert von Weikersheim around 1172 to 1182. The latter used Hohenlohe ("Albertus de Hohenloch") as his name for

5427-436: The world. His son, prince Christian Kraft (1848–1926), sold the plants and went almost bankrupt with a fund in which he had invested in 1913; the mines he had still kept were depropriated by communist Poland in 1945. Until then, this branch had its headquarters in Slawentzitz and also owned estates in Hungary. After their expulsion and expropriation, the branch returned to Neuenstein. The Catholic branch of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg

5508-534: The Öhringen-Neuenstein branch (Kirchberg Castle was sold in 1952), but the branches of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (residing at Langenburg Castle) and Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen still exist, the latter being divided into Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen (which became extinct in 1960) and Hohenlohe-Oehringen (today residing at Neuenstein Castle ). The two actual heads of the branches of Langenburg and Oehringen are traditionally styled Fürst . The two princes of Hohenlohe-Oehringen-Neuenstein and of Hohenlohe-Langenburg entertained

5589-430: Was Brauneck Castle halfway between Weikersheim and Hohlach. The dynasty's influence was soon perceptible between the Franconian valleys of the Kocher , Jagst and Tauber rivers, an area that was to be called the Hohenlohe Plateau. Their original main seats were Weikersheim, Hohlach and Brauneck (near Creglingen ). Of Konrad von Weikersheim's three sons, Konrad and Albrecht died childless. Heinrich I von Hohenlohe,

5670-420: Was a ruler of vast territories and “could not be everywhere at once”. The transference of jurisdiction was a practical solution to secure the further support of the German princes. By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini , Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands. A reconciliation with the Welfs took place in 1235, whereby Otto

5751-415: Was an imperial fiefdom that granted its owners the status of imperial knight . Hohlach Castle secured the Rothenburg − Ochsenfurt road. However, Hohlach soon lost its importance; the family's holdings were expanded from Weikersheim, which is located about 20 km further west, southwards to form the county of Hohenlohe. Haltenbergstetten Castle near Pfitzingen, south of Weikersheim, was built around 1200, as

5832-546: Was built during the 1240s by the Emperor Frederick II was designated as a World Heritage Site in 1996. The German artist, Hans Kloss , painted his Staufer-Rundbild depicting in great detail the history of the House of Hohenstaufen, in Lorch Monastery . From 2000 to 2018, the Committee of Staufer Friends ( de ) has built thirty-eight Staufer steles ( de ) in Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic and

5913-584: Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor . Philip changed the coat of arms from a black lion on a gold shield to three leopards, probably derived from the arms of his Welf rival Otto IV . The conflict between the Staufer dynasty and the Welf had irrevocably weakened the Imperial authority and the Norman kingdom of Sicily became the base for Staufer rule. Emperor Frederick II was the most brilliant and extraordinary of

5994-546: Was elected King as Conrad III. Because the Welf duke Henry the Proud , son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to acknowledge the new king, Conrad III deprived him of all his territories, giving the Duchy of Saxony to Albert the Bear and that of Bavaria to Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria . In 1147, Conrad heard Bernard of Clairvaux preach

6075-548: Was engaged to the king's approximately seventeen-year-old daughter, Agnes . Nothing is known about Frederick's life before this event, but he proved to be an imperial ally throughout Henry's struggles against other Swabian lords, namely Rudolf of Rheinfelden , Frederick's predecessor, and the Zähringen and Welf lords. Frederick's brother Otto was elevated to the Strasbourg bishopric in 1082. Upon Frederick's death, he

6156-470: Was handed over to Charles, who had him publicly executed at Naples . With Conradin, the direct line of the Dukes of Swabia finally ceased to exist, though most of the later emperors were descended from the Staufer dynasty indirectly. The last member of the dynasty was Manfred's son, Henry [Enrico], who died in captivity at Castel dell'Ovo on 31 October 1318. During the political decentralization of

6237-680: Was inherited by the catholic counts. Of the Lutheran branch of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein , which underwent several partitions and inherited the county of Gleichen in Thuringia (with its residence at Ehrenstein Castle in Ohrdruf ) in 1631, the senior line became extinct in 1805, while in 1701 the junior line divided itself into three branches, those of Hohenlohe-Langenburg , Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Hohenlohe-Kirchberg . The branch of Kirchberg died out in 1861, with its lands and castle passing to

6318-597: Was mentioned in 1153 as Conrad, Lord of Weikersheim , where the family had the Geleitrecht (right of escorting travellers and goods and charging customs) along the Tauber river on the trading route between Frankfurt and Augsburg until the 14th century. It is likely that Conrad was a son of Conrad von Pfitzingen, who was already mentioned in documents in 1136/1141 and owned a castle of that name near Weikersheim. Allegedly, according to some, however unconfirmed sources,

6399-562: Was soon divided into three side branches, but two of these had died out by 1729. The surviving branch, that of Schillingsfürst, was divided into the lines of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and Hohenlohe-Bartenstein , with further divisions following. The four catholic lines which still exist today (with their heads styled Fürst ) are those of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (at Schillingsfürst), Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (at Waldenburg), Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (at Haltenbergstetten) and Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (at Bartenstein). A side branch of

6480-511: Was succeeded by his son, Duke Frederick II , in 1105. Frederick II remained a close ally of the Salians, he and his younger brother Conrad were named the king's representatives in Germany when the king was in Italy. Around 1120, Frederick II married Judith of Bavaria from the rival House of Welf . When the last male member of the Salian dynasty, Emperor Henry V , died without heirs in 1125,

6561-470: Was taken over directly by the emperor and his highly trained Sicilian officials whose jurisdiction now ranged across all of Italy. For the rest of Frederick’s reign, there was a continuous movement toward the extension and perfection of this new unified administrative system, with the emperor himself as the driving force. Despite his mighty efforts however, Frederick’s unified Italian state proved ephemeral after his death. The vicars and captains-general provided

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