40-762: Leal can refer to: People [ edit ] Alicia Leal (born 1957), Cuban visual artist Carlos Leal (born 1969), Swiss rapper and actor Cassiano Leal (born 1971), Brazilian freestyle swimmer Daniel Alsina Leal (born 1988), Spanish chess grandmaster Danny Leal ( fl. 2005–present ), lead singer of Upon A Burning Body DeMarvin Leal (born 2000), American football player Ernesto Leal (1945–2005), Nicaraguan politician Fernando Leal Fonseca (born 1981), Brazilian footballer Fernando Leal (artist) (1896–1964), Mexican painter Francisco Aguilar y Leal (1776–1840), soldier, Spanish merchant and one of
80-510: A 2018 genome -wide data study, the eastern region of the island had an average Native American ancestry contribution of 10%, as compared to an average of 5% in the rest of the island. Additionally, many North American Indians living in Spanish missions in Georgia and Florida were evacuated to Spanish Cuba along with the fleeing Spanish settlers following the loss of Spanish Florida . As
120-554: A city Lihula (German: Leal), Estonia, a town LEAL [ edit ] ICAO airport code of Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport , Elche, Spain Lenguaje Algorítmico , a programming language for the CID-201 computer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Leal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
160-581: A feature that it shares with other dialects of Caribbean Spanish as well as the Canary Islands . Many Cuban-Americans, while remaining fluent in Spanish, use American English as one of their daily languages. Religion in Cuba (2010) Cuba's prevailing religion is Roman Catholicism , although in some instances it is profoundly modified and influenced through syncretism . A common syncretic religion
200-667: A higher concentration of Blacks than other parts of the island. Havana has the largest population of blacks of any city in Cuba. In the 2012 Census of Cuba, 26.6% (2.97 million) of the Cubans self-identified as mulatto or mestizo . Officially called amarilla ( yellow in English) in the Cuban census, Cubans of East Asian origins made up 1.02% of the population in the 2002 Census of Cuba. They are primarily made up of ethnic Chinese who are descendants of indentured laborers who came in
240-630: A result, descendants of the Calusa , Tequesta , Timucua and other now-extinct indigenous peoples of Florida have been assimilated into the mainstream Cuban population. They comprise part of Cuba's Amerindian genetic makeup. Intermarriage between diverse groups is so frequent as to be the rule. Cuba's birth rate (9.88 births per thousand population in 2006) is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. Its overall population increased from around 7 million in 1961 to 11 million today, but
280-402: A significant proportion of those living on the island affirm some sub-Saharan African ancestry. Based on genetic testing in 2014, the average African, European and Native American ancestry in those self-reporting to be "negro (Black)" was 65.5% "African", 29% "European" ancestry and 5.5% "Native American" or other ancestry. Although Afro-Cubans can be found throughout Cuba, Eastern Cuba has
320-464: A symbol of Cuba. In Santería, she has been syncretized with the goddess Ochún . The important religious festival "La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre" is celebrated by Cubans annually on 8 September. Other religions practised are Palo Monte , and Abakuá , which have large parts of their liturgy in African languages. The flag of Cuba is red, white, and blue; and was first adopted by Narciso López on
360-453: Is Cuban music and dancing, being well-known far outside the country. Well known Hispanic music styles such as mambo , salsa , rumba , cha-cha-chá , bolero , and son originated in Cuba. The origins of much of Cuban music can be found in the mix of Spanish and West African music, while American musical elements such as trombones and big band were also significant elements in the formation of Cuban music. Cuban literature includes some of
400-556: Is Santería , which combined the Yoruba religion of the African slaves with some Catholicism; it shows similarities to Brazilian Umbanda and has been receiving a degree of official support. The Roman Catholic Church estimates that 60 percent of the population is Catholic, with 10 percent attending mass regularly, while independent sources estimate that as few 1.5 percent of Catholics do so. Membership in Protestant churches
440-440: Is characterized by a blend of Indigenous Taíno , African, and Spanish cultural elements, reflecting a unique multicultural heritage. The Cuban Revolution of 1959 , which brought Fidel Castro to power , marked a significant turning point as it transformed the political landscape, reinforced a sense of national identity centered around revolutionary and socialist ideals and led to the continuing Cuban Exodus , thus establishing
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#1732772595130480-525: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Alicia Leal Alicia Leal Veloz (born 15 November 1957) is a Cuban painter . She was born in Sancti Spíritus . Leal's work focuses on women and the relationship between women and men, and they are known for their flat perspective with intricate and narrative details. Her paintings take inspiration from folk art . Leal works from
520-644: Is estimated to be 5 percent and includes Baptists , Pentecostals , Seventh-day Adventists , Presbyterians , Episcopal Church of Cuba|Episcopalians, Methodists , Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and Lutherans . Other groups include the Greek Orthodox Church , the Russian Orthodox Church , Jehovah's Witnesses , Hindus , Muslims , Buddhists , Jews , Baháʼís , and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Cuba
560-402: Is home to a variety of syncretic religions of largely African cultural origin. According to a US State Department report, some sources estimate that as much as 80 percent of the population consults with practitioners of religions with West African roots, such as Santeria or Yoruba. Santería developed out of the traditions of the Yoruba , one of the African peoples who were imported to Cuba during
600-458: The 16th through 19th centuries to work on the sugar plantations. Santería blends elements of Christianity and West African beliefs and as such made it possible for the slaves to retain their traditional beliefs while appearing to practice Catholicism. La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre (Our Lady Of Charity) is the Catholic patroness of Cuba, and is greatly revered by the Cuban people and seen as
640-555: The 19th century to build railroads and work in mines . Historically, Chinese descendants in Cuba were once classified as "white". The number of people identifying as Taíno has not been formally recorded. Most of them live on the eastern part of the island, notably in Granma, Guantánamo, and Las Tunas. The intermixing between European settlers and the native Taíno was prevalent in the early colonial era. Their mixed-race descendants have been historically undercounted. According to
680-517: The 2012 Census of Cuba, 64.1% of the inhabitants self-identified as white . Based on genetic testing (2014) in Cuba, the average percentages of European, African and Native American ancestry in those auto-reporting to be white were 86%, 6.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. The majority of the European ancestry comes from Spain. The Afro-Cuban population was 9.3% in the 2012 Census of Cuba. Just about 1.3 million Cubans described themselves as black . Thus
720-617: The Canaries have been detected in Cuba and Iberoamerica, demonstrates that Canary Islanders with indigenous Guanche ancestors actively participated in the American colonization. The United States has the largest number of Cubans outside Cuba. As of 2023, the United States Census Bureau 's American Community Survey showed a total population of 1,450,808 Cuban immigrants. As of 2015, 68% of Cuban-born residents of
760-586: The Cuban Diaspora. The population of Cuba was 11,167,325 inhabitants in 2012. The largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba (2012) are to be found in Havana (2,106,146), Santiago de Cuba (506,037), Holguín (346,195), Camagüey (323,309), Santa Clara (240,543) and Guantánamo (228,436). According to Cuba's Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE 2012 Census, the population was 11,167,325 including: 5,570,825 men and 5,596,500 women. Source. In
800-522: The Eastern region having more African and Native American genetic contribution. Cuban genealogy has become a rising interest for Cubans in the last 15 years. A 1995 study done on the population of Pinar del Río , found that 50% of the Mt-DNA lineages (female lineages) could be traced back to Europeans, 46% to Africans and 3% to Americans. This figure is consistent with both the historical background of
840-574: The Miss World beauty pageant in 1991 Pedro Leal (footballer) (born 1989), Costa Rican football player Pedro Leal (rugby union) (born 1984), Portuguese rugby player Rayssa Leal (born 2008), Brazilian skateboarder Sergio Leal (born 1982), Uruguayan footballer Sharon Leal (born 1972), American actress Walter Leal (born 1954), Brazilian-born American biochemist Yoandy Leal (born 1988), Cuban volleyball player Places [ edit ] Leal, North Dakota , United States,
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#1732772595130880-553: The Soviet Union and Castro's transformation of Cuba into a declared socialist republic . Cuban soldiers were sent overseas to fight in the Angolan Civil War and Ogaden War in the 1970s-1980s. Castro remained in power until 2008, first as Prime Minister then from 1976 as President of Cuba . Fidel was succeeded by his brother Raúl Castro . Miguel Díaz-Canel succeeds the brothers Fidel and Raúl Castro, making him
920-641: The Spanish embassy in their home country and turn in documentation that proves their parents or grandparents fled Spain between 1936 and 1955. They did not need to relinquish their current citizenship. The first people known to have inhabited Cuba was the Siboney , an Amerindian people. They were followed by another Amerindian people, the Taíno who were the main population both of Cuba and other islands in The Antilles when Christopher Columbus first sighted
960-805: The United States have naturalized automatically losing their Cuban citizenship. Significant populations of Cubans exist in the cities of Hialeah and Miami in Florida (995,439 Cubans in this state in 2017) and in Texas (60,381), New Jersey (44,974), California (35,364), New York (26,875), and Illinois (22,541) The second largest Cuban diaspora is in Spain. As of 2019, there were 151,423 Cubans in Spain. Smaller numbers of Cubans live in Brazil , Uruguay , Italy * , Mexico * , and Canada . After
1000-533: The United States, led to the Spanish–American War , and in 1902 Cuba gained formal independence. During the first decades of the 20th century, USA interests were dominant and in Cuba, leading to large influence over the island. This ended in 1959 when de facto leader Fulgencio Batista was ousted by revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro . Quickly deteriorating relations with the US led to Cuba's alliance with
1040-480: The West Eurasian fraction, the vast majority of individuals belong to West European haplogroup R1b . The African lineages found in Cubans have a Western (haplogroups E1 , E2 , E1b1a ) and Northern ( E1b1b-M81 ) African origin. The North African haplogroup E1b1b1b (E-M81), is found at a frequency of 6.1%. According to Fregel et al. (2009), the fact that autochthonous male E-M81 and female U6 lineages from
1080-459: The descendants of people who went into exile after its brutal 1936-39 Civil War, part of a 2007 law meant to address the painful legacy of the conflict. This new Historical Memory Law has granted to more than 140,000 Cubans of Spanish ancestry the Spanish citizenship , and there were 143,048 Cubans with Spanish citizenship in Cuba and 93,004 in Spain on January 1, 2019. Under the law, the descendants had until December 2011 to present themselves at
1120-747: The first art school in Cuba. She is also a member of the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC) and the International Association of Art (IAA/AIAP). Leal has participated in nearly one-hundred collective exhibitions, including: Cubans Cubans ( Spanish : Cubanos ) are the citizens and nationals of Cuba . The Cuban people have varied origins with the most spoken language being Spanish . The larger Cuban diaspora includes individuals that trace ancestry to Cuba and self-identify as Cuban but are not necessarily Cuban by citizenship . The United States has
1160-841: The first drinking water chlorine disinfection system in the US José Leal (born 1965), Portuguese footballer Juan Leal (1676–1742 or 1743), Spanish settler and politician, first alcalde of La Villa de San Fernando (which would become San Antonio, Texas) Juan de Valdés Leal (1622–1690), Spanish painter and etcher L. Gary Leal (born 1943), American chemical engineer and professor Leandra Leal (born 1982), Brazilian actress Luis Leal (writer) (1907–2010), Mexican-American writer and literary critic Luis Leal (baseball) (born 1957), Venezuelan baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball Ninibeth Leal (born 1971), Venezuelan winner of
1200-495: The first non-Castro leader of Cuba since the revolution in 2018.Miguel Mario Díaz-Canel y Bermúdez (Spanish: [mi.ˈɣel ˈdi.as kaˈnel]; born 20 April 1960) is a politician and engineer who is the third first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. The culture of Cuba reflects the island's influences from various cultures, primarily European (Spanish),Taino and African. One of the most distinctive parts of Cuban culture
1240-467: The founding of the republic in 1902, a considerable migration (over 1 million) arrived from the Iberian peninsula to the island, between them were more than a few former Spanish soldiers who participated in the wars, and yet it never created an obstacle for the respect and affection of Cubans, who have always been proud of their origins. In December 2008, Spain began accepting citizenship applications from
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1280-406: The island in 1492. He claimed the islands for Spain and Cuba became a Spanish colony . It was to remain so until 1902 apart from a brief occupation by Britain in 1762, before being returned in exchange for Florida . Towards the end of the 19th century, Spain had lost most of its American possessions and a series of rebellions had shaken Cuba. This, combined with calls for annexation of Cuba in
1320-409: The island, primarily to Miami, Florida , where a vocal, well-educated and economically successful exile community exists. An autosomal study from 2014 found the genetic ancestry in Cuba to be 72% European, 20% African and 8% Amerindian. Of note, there is high variability between regions within Cuba, with individuals from Western provinces having higher European ancestry on average, and those in
1360-542: The largest Cuban population in the world after Cuba. The modern nation of Cuba, located in the Caribbean , emerged as an independent country following the Spanish-American War of 1898 , which led to the end of Spanish colonial rule. The subsequent period of American influence, culminating in the formal independence of Cuba in 1902, initiated a complex process of national identity formation. This identity
1400-437: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leal&oldid=1212432865 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Place name disambiguation pages Spanish-language surnames Portuguese-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles containing Spanish-language text Short description
1440-526: The main leaders of Uruguayan independence Hugo Leal (footballer) (born 1980), Portuguese footballer Hugo Leal (politician) (born 1962), Brazilian politician Ivonne Leal (born 1966), Cuban javelin thrower Jaime Pardo Leal (1941–1987), Colombian lawyer, union leader and politician Janine Leal (born 1976), Venezuelan television presenter and model. Jeff Leal (born 1954), Canadian politician John L. Leal (1858–1914), American physician and water treatment expert who conceived and installed
1480-427: The most well-known names of the islands, such as writer and independence hero José Martí in the late 19th century. More contemporary Cuban authors include Daína Chaviano , Pedro Juan Gutiérrez , Antonio Orlando Rodríguez , Zoé Valdés and Leonardo Padura Fuentes . The Spanish language is spoken by virtually all Cubans on the island itself. Cuban Spanish is characterized by the reduction of several consonants,
1520-473: The rate of increase slowed over time and has recently turned to a decrease, with the Cuban government in 2006 reporting the first drop in the population since the Mariel boatlift . Immigration and emigration have had noticeable effects on the demographic profile of Cuba during the 20th century. Between 1900 and 1930, close to a million Spaniards migrated to the island. Since 1959, over two million Cubans have left
1560-600: The region, and the current demographics of it. According to another study in 2008, regarding the geographical origin attributed to each mtDNA haplogroup, 55% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin (namely, Europe and the Middle East) and 45% of African origin Regarding Y-chromosome haplogroups (male lineages), 78.8% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin, 19.7% of African origin and 1.5% of East Asian origin. Among
1600-877: The studio she owns with her husband and fellow painter Juan Moreira. Their studio is located in El Vedado in Havana, Cuba . Her work is a part of permanent collections at world-class institutions such as the National Museum of Fine Art in Havana and the Spanish Embassy at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City . Leal is a 1980 graduate of the San Alejandro Fine Arts School , known as
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