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22-516: Trade was once welcoming at cities of Leizhou Peninsula. During the 19th century, the area was a hotbed of piracy , many pirates, such as Zheng Yi and Wu Shi Er , were based in the area. The Leizhou Peninsula is the third largest peninsula in China with an area of c. 8,500 square kilometers (3,300 sq mi) located on the southwestern end of Zhanjiang , Guangdong with the Gulf of Tonkin to

44-467: A Pleistocene – Holocene field at the northern end of the peninsula west of Zhanjiang ( 雷 北 火山 群 , Leibei Huoshanqun ) and the northern end of the Qionglei or Leiqiong volcanic field, which extends across the strait into northern Hainan ( 雷 南 火山 群 , Leinan Huoshanqun ). The volcanoes derive from the east-to-west tectonic extension and thinning of the lithosphere connected with

66-459: A day of fog, Cheung fled from the battlefield. He was furious at Guo and vowed revenge on him. A navy battle between Red Flag Fleet and Chinese navy broke out in December, in the battle, Cheung was ambushed by Guo's Black Flag Fleet, and defeated. Several vessels of Cheung were captured by Guo. After the battle, Guo surrendered to Chinese government, Guo became an official of Chinese navy. Hearing

88-465: A pirate alliance was founded. Seven leaders were: Zheng Yi (Red Flag Fleet), Guo Podai (Black Flag Fleet), Liang Bao (White Flag Fleet), Jin Guyang (Green Flag Fleet), Wu Shi'er (Blue Flag Fleet), Wu Zhiqing (Yellow Flag Fleet) and Zheng Laotong . Not long after, Zheng Laotong surrendered to Chinese government, actually there were six gangs joined the alliance. The Red Flag Fleet led by Zheng Yi

110-659: Is bordered by Shenzhen 's Dapeng Peninsula to the west and Huizhou to the north and east. The bay was a hideout of pirates in the 1920s, when the Republic of China government was occupied with conducting the Northern Expedition . Part of it was seized by the Japanese military in the Canton Operation . Historically, Daya Bay had whales and turtles. The bay was one of the breeding grounds along

132-786: Is under the influence of continental northeastern monsoons and maritime southeastern and southwestern monsoons. Typhoons occasionally occur, both from the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea . Annual precipitation is 1,400 to 1,700 millimetres (55 to 67 in). Pirates of the South China Coast Pirates of the South China Coast ( traditional Chinese : 華南海盜 ; simplified Chinese : 华南海盗 ; pinyin : huá nán hǎi dào ) were Chinese pirates who were active in

154-620: The Quang Trung Emperor, and defeated the invading Chinese army in 1789. After the battle, Huệ reconciled with China, however, he waited for an opportunity to take revenge on China. He provided money to Chinese pirates. Three prominent pirates, Chen Tianbao , Mo Guanfu and Zheng Qi , were ordered to hire more pirates. Since 1790, the number of Chinese pirates grew rapidly. Most of them pledged loyalty to Tây Sơn dynasty, and were fully trained. Many pirates were granted official positions. They were able to block sea routes, and harassed

176-445: The coastlines of South China ( Guangdong , Fujian , Zhejiang , Jiangsu ) frequently. Later, they also took part in all important naval battle against Nguyễn Ánh. In 1801, Nguyễn navy reached Phú Xuân , a naval battle broke out in Nộn estuary (present-day Thuận An estuary ). Many Chinese pirates were hired by Tây Sơn to fight against Nguyễn lord. Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau described that it

198-399: The creation of the South China Sea 's basin. Two Pleistocene-era basaltic stratovolcanoes are Yingfengling ( 鹰峰岭 ) and Tianyang ( 田洋 ), 15 km (9.3 mi) apart in the center of the peninsula. There is also a third volcanic field responsible for some of the islands offshore ( 火山 岩 岛屿 , Huoshanyan Daoyu ). Hepu National Sanctuary of Dugongs was created west of

220-516: The end of Chinese pirates' era. On 26 June, 1857, Chinese pirates defeated the Portuguese in the Ningpo massacre . Daya Bay Daya Bay ( simplified Chinese : 大亚湾 ; traditional Chinese : 大亞灣 ; pinyin : Dàyà Wān ; Jyutping : daai aa waan ), formerly known as Bias Bay , is a bay of the South China Sea on the south coast of Guangdong Province in China . It

242-529: The leaders and leader of the alliance. It made Guo Podai resentful. Now Red Flag Fleet had 30,000 men and several hundred vessels, it became a big threat to Qing China and Portuguese Macau . In September 1809, Cheung was attacked by Portuguese Navy in the Tiger's Mouth. In November, Cheung was besieged by Chinese-Portuguese Navy in Chek Lap Kok . Cheung asked for Guo Podai's help, however, Guo refused. In

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264-418: The news, Cheung refused to surrender. However, more and more pirates surrendered. In January 1810, Cheung was persuaded to surrender. He delivered his fleet and weapons on 20 April. Cheung became a Chinese naval officer. On 24 May, Chinese-Vietnamese navy were dispatched to suppress the remnants of pirates. Cheung and Guo took part in the battle. The main part of pirate fleet was destroyed in the battle. It marked

286-701: The north-western coasts of the South China Sea from the late 18th century to the 19th century, mainly during a 20-year period from 1790 to 1810. After 1805, the pirates of the South China Coast entered their most powerful period. Many pirates were fully trained by the Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam . Since the late 18th century, with the increase of the population, land annexation was becoming serious day by day. Many farmers lost their land, they became brigands or pirates. Giang Bình (present-day Jiangping town  [ zh ] in Dongxing , Fangchenggang , Guangxi , China)

308-472: The peninsula in the winter and spring to calve. Waters such as Wailuo Harbor were ideal habitats for these giants. These whales were heavily hunted and were wiped out by Japanese whalers in this regions. (Japanese whalers established whaling stations at various sites along the Chinese and Korean coasts including on the island of Hainan and at Daya Bay ). The peninsula lies in tropical South China. The region

330-777: The peninsula to protect endangered wildlife especially marine mammals. Vicinity to the peninsula, such as the Leizhou Bay has declared to be parts of the Chinese white dolphin sanctuary holding the second largest population in the nation. Dugongs still occur in small number. Some Bryde's whales , minke whales , and whale sharks still occur in the adjacent waters including Hainan Island and Gulf of Tonkin waters such as off Tieshangang District , Islands of Weizhou and Xieyang . Critically endangered whales such as North Pacific right whales and western gray whales , humpback whales , and blue whales were once known to occur around

352-538: The southern coast of China for Asian population of gray whales , which are now one of the most endangered whale population in the world. They migrated to the bay to calve in the winter-spring seasons. Other species, such as humpback whales , also historically migrated to Daya Bay. All of these were wiped out by Japanese whalers established whaling stations on various sites on Chinese coasts including at nearby Daya Bay. Critically endangered Chinese white dolphins and occasional whales such as humpbacks have been confirmed in

374-421: The west and the 30 km wide Qiongzhou Strait to the south, separating the peninsula from Hainan Island . Geologically, basalt terraces account for 43% of the peninsula's area. The rest is divided up between marine terraces (27%) and alluvial plains (17%). Leizhou Peninsula is dotted with a few dormant volcanoes , beaches, and low-lying diluvial plains . Leizhou has two separate volcanic fields :

396-507: Was a strategically located; however, this area was neglected by Vietnamese government. Tây Sơn Rebellion broke out in Southern Vietnam in 1771. The rebellion soon swept Nguyễn lords and Trịnh lords out of power. Many Chinese pirates were hired and joined the civil war. Tập Đình and Lý Tài became generals of Tây Sơn army. He Xiwen (Hà Hỉ Văn) became a general of Nguyễn Ánh . Nguyễn Huệ , one of Tây Sơn leaders, crowned

418-701: Was appointed as Đại Tư Mã ("Grand Marshal") by Cảnh Thịnh. Zheng Qi get involved in the siege of Đồng Hới , but his fleet was defeated in the mouth of Nhật Lệ River . Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by Nguyễn dynasty . Unlike Tây Sơn emperors, the new crowned Gia Long started to suppress the pirates. In September 1802, Nguyễn army destroyed the pirates' lair in Giang Bình, captured Zheng Qi and had him executed. After this incident, Chinese pirates had to flee to Guangdong . To compete for turf, they attacked each other. Finally, they found it would just destroy themselves. In 1805, seven pirate leaders made an agreement,

440-504: Was known as a pirate hotbed at that time. In early times, most of Chinese pirates were fishermen. They came to Giang Bình by boats to do business, though the private maritime trade was restricted by Chinese government. Giang Bình located near China–Vietnam border; it belonged to Vietnam since Lý dynasty , later, it was ceded to China after the end of the Sino-French War . Giang Bình was a melting pot of Vietnamese and Chinese, it

462-576: Was the fiercest battle in the history of Cochinchina. The battle ended with a near annihilation of both Tây Sơn navy and Chinese pirates. Three important pirates, Mo Guanfu , Liang Wengeng and Fan Wencai , were captured by Nguyễn lord. Emperor Cảnh Thịnh fled to Thăng Long (present-day Hanoi), in there, he planned a counter-attack. Most of pirates did not supported Tây Sơn dynasty, they fled back to China secretly. Chen Tianbao fled to Guangdong and surrendered to China. Zheng Qi still pledged loyalty to Emperor Cảnh Thịnh. In 1802, he arrived at Thăng Long. He

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484-472: Was the strongest gang in the alliance, as a matter of course, he was selected the leader of the alliance. Ladrones Islands (present-day Wanshan Archipelago ), Hong Kong and Leizhou Peninsula became pirate hotbeds. Zheng Yi died suddenly in Vietnam on 16 November 1807. His widow Ching Shih , became new leaders of Red Flag Fleet. Later, Ching Shih married with adoptive son Cheung Po Tsai , Cheung succeeded

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