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37-589: A total of 8,283 residents in the municipality (2011 census) live in the following settlements: Lepoglava is probably best known for hosting the main Croatian prison, the Lepoglava prison . In 1854, a monastery of the Pauline Fathers was transformed by the authorities into a prison. In the twentieth century, the prison was used to intern political prisoners by the authorities of Kingdom of Yugoslavia ,

74-420: A ground plan featuring an irregular chain of volumes joined in a sort of collage - with small, open, cubic pavilions together with two larger exhibition halls. The entire complex curved around a shady garden with Japanese touches. The pavilion was also an advertisement for Finland's prime export, wood, as the building was built entirely of timber. French architecture historian Fabienne Chevallier has argued that at

111-871: A letter ‘K’, diagonal net. This Varaždin County geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lepoglava prison Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 203275444 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:51:57 GMT Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne The Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (International Exposition of Art and Technology in Modern Life)

148-713: A more reliable income complement to its makers, the lace was sold at markets, exhibits - including the Zagreb Trade Fair -, and throughout Western Europe. Lepoglava lace won a gold medal at Paris' 1937 World Fair and a bronze one in 1939 in Berlin. In 2011, Lepoglava lace was declared the most beautiful lace at the International lace contest in Vologda , Russia, competing against 570 lace makers from 10 countries and 36 Russian areas. Since 1997, Lepoglava holds

185-502: A plate of real spaghetti on the restaurant terrace. The courtyard garden was designed a respite from the exhibits with a symphony of green grass and green-glazed tiles set against red flowers and burgundy porphyry. The Hall of Honour was the pavilion's most dramatic and evocative space. It also 'repurposed' an existing artwork: Mario Sironi 's Corporative Italy (Fascist Work) mosaic from the 1936 Triennale that had now been completed with numerous figures engaged in different types of work and

222-469: A series of postal stamps on lace has also been issued. Lepoglava lace is a bobbin lace made on a round hard pillow (‘ dedek ’), using a paired number of bobbins (‘ bateki ’) and very fine cotton or linen threads in white or beige across a pricking card. It displays stylized forms of flora, fauna, baroque, and geometric motifs. The space between the motifs can be filled with various types of nets: nets with loops, spider web, honeycombs with leaves, chessboard,

259-636: A significant improvement on the Latin script previously used within Croatia. This Gazophylacium was printed posthumously in Zagreb in 1740. He also wrote the ‘ Boghomila ’, a collection of 113 verses – one verse for each year of saint Paul of Thebes' life; this was printed before the ‘ Gazophylacium ’. Lepoglava has a unique tradition of fine bobbin lace which was listed by Unesco as Intangible cultural heritage in 2009, along with Pag's needlepoint lace and

296-755: A yearly International Lace Festival, which received from the European Festivals Association (EFA) the title of Remarkable Festival in 2017 - celebrating the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Banate lace-making school in Lepoglava. The scale of the International Lace Festival has gradually expanded following the 2009 Unesco listing of Lepoglava Lace as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage along with Pag lace and Hvar lace. More than 16 countries participated at

333-629: The Independent State of Croatia , and SFR Yugoslavia . During WWII, the Lepoglava concentration camp was built by the Ustashe ; around 2,000 prisoners were murdered there. Archaeological remains found in Kamenica (6 km north of Lepoglava) show that this place was occupied in prehistorical times. A fortified residence was built there, atop a steep hill, during the second half of the 13th century. Višnjica (about 12 km north of Lepoglava)

370-676: The Canadian pavilion depicted aspects of Canadian culture. The Norwegian pavilion was designed by Knut Knutsen  [ no ] , Arne Korsmo and Ole Lind Schistad  [ no ] . It included Hannah Rygen 's tapestry Ethiopia . The Spanish pavilion was arranged by the President of Spain Spanish Republican government and built by the Spanish architect Josep Lluis Sert . It attracted extra attention because

407-630: The Court of Honour that showcased life size examples of Italy's most important contribution to the history of technology. Arturo Martini 's Victory of the Air presided over the space, her dark bronze form standing out against a seemingly infinite backdrop of blue-grey Venetian mosaic tiles. From there visitors could visit the Colonial Exhibits by Mario Sironi and the Gallery of Tourism before enjoying

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444-572: The German and the Soviet pavilions directly across from each other. Hitler had desired to withdraw from participation, but his architect Albert Speer convinced him to participate, showing Hitler his plans for the German pavilion. Speer later revealed in his autobiographies that having had a clandestine look at the plans for the Soviet pavilion, he designed the German pavilion to represent a bulwark against Communism . The preparation and construction of

481-600: The September 2019 International Lace Festival. The 25th festival in 2023 focused on a retrospective of what has been in show in the past 25 festivals. Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, France, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary planned to participate; it was held in the Pauline monastery. The Croatian Mint has issued a series of gold collector coins “Lace-making in Croatia”, and

518-463: The architectural master-plan of the master architect Jacques Gréber at the foot of the Eiffel Tower , and inspired by the shape of a grain elevator , the Canadian pavilion included Joseph-Émile Brunet 's 28-foot sculpture of a buffalo (1937), and Charles Comfort 's The Romance of Nickel . Paintings by Brunet, sculpted panels on the outside of the structure, and several thematic stands inside

555-471: The exhibits were plagued by delay. On the opening day of the exhibition, only the German and the Soviet pavilions had been completed. This, as well as the fact that the two pavilions faced each other, turned the exhibition into a competition between the two great ideological rivals. Speer's pavilion was culminated by a tall tower crowned with the symbols of the Nazi state: an eagle and the swastika . The pavilion

592-552: The exposition took place during the Spanish Civil War . The pavilion included Pablo Picasso 's Guernica , the now-famous depiction of the horrors of war, as well as Alexander Calder 's sculpture Mercury Fountain and Joan Miró 's painting Catalan peasant in revolt . Two of the other notable pavilions were those of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union . The organization of the world exhibition had placed

629-620: The figure of the imperial Roman eagle flying in from the right hand side. The 8m x 12 m work towered over the two-storey height space that occupied the top of the pavilion's tower, making it the centre piece of the pavilion's decorative and propaganda program. The enthroned figure of Italy represented corporatism, the economic policy of Italian fascism. The room was a celebration of all those aspects of Fascist society that Pagano wholeheartedly believed in: social harmony, government input to generate industrial innovation and support for artists, professionals and craftsmen as well as workers. Here Pagano had

666-523: The first gymnasium in Continental Croatia, with the creation of a seminary for Pauline novices and the lay-youth; but this ceased to operate after the Battle of Mohács in 1526. In 1582 it founded the first public grammar school of Croatia. Higher education started in 1656 with the creation of courses in philosophy and theology, and the establishment gained the status of university in 1674 -

703-658: The first one in Croatia. Some 75 doctorate dissertations were obtained there. The associated library grew to become the largest and richest library in Croatia. The monks left in 1768 and the Pauline order was abolished in 1786 by King Joseph II . In 1854 the monastery became a prison. It was returned to the diocese of Varaždin in 2001. Four priors of the Lepoglava monastery became bishops of Zagreb  : Vuk Gyula (1548-1550), Šimun Bratulić (1603-1611), Martin Borković (1668–1687) and Mirko (Emerik) Esterhazy (1709-1727). The famous painter Ivan Krstitelj Ranger (1700-1753) joined

740-620: The joy of working alongside five different artists and placing Italy's newest industrial material such as linoleum and Termolux (shatterproof plate glass) next to a sumptuous chandelier from Murano and amber marble. Britain had not been expecting such a competitive exposition, and its planned budget was only a small fraction of Germany's. Frank Pick , the chairman of the Council for Art and Industry, appointed Oliver Hill as architect but told him to avoid modernism and to focus on traditional crafts. The main architectural element of Hill's pavilion

777-554: The local traditional clothes and folk decoration refinements. It then became part of the ethnographic heritage. At the turn of the 20th century, the Honorable Zlata Šufflay first organized the production of lace. After the First World War, her work was most successfully pursued by Danica Brossler, who used official institutions to encourage manufacturing and started lace-making lessons, workshops and schools. Bringing

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814-598: The monastery as a layman in 1734. He painted Lepoglava's church and monastery as well as a number of churches and chapels near Lepoglava and elsewhere, with most of his work dedicated to the Virgin Mary. He died in 1753 in Lepoglava and is buried in the church there. Linguist Ivan Belostenec (1593-1675) completed his initial studies at the Pauline school of Lepoglava, then studied philosophy in Vienna and theology in Rome. He

851-678: The necessary funding. Finally Le Corbusier was offered a budget of 500,000 FF with which he built a canvas pavilion filled with didacitic material promoting his utopian vision of future urbanism. After the Paris exhibition closed, Worker and Kolkhoz Woman was moved to the entrance of the All-Russia Exhibition Centre in Moscow, where it stood on a high platform. The sculpture was removed for restoration in 2003, intended to be completed by 2005. However, due to financial issues

888-591: The prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and his Quebec lieutenant Ernest Lapointe , about Canada taking part in the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne , saying he very much wanted Canada to have a pavilion. King hesitated, saying he did not know if his government could afford the cost of building a pavilion, but Brugère forced his hand by sending a telegram to Paris, saying that Canada would take part, leading to an announcement being made in Paris. Fitting in

925-488: The result was unrepresentative of Britain and compared poorly to the other pavilions' projections of national strength. The Pavillon des Temps Nouveaux (Pavilion of New Times) was a tent pavilion designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret . In 1932, Le Corbusier heard the announcement of the proposed Expo and immediately issued an ambitious counter proposal. When funding for his project failed to materialise, he offered several scaled down versions, none of which attracted

962-513: The time French critics were baffled by Aalto's building because though it was built of wood – and thus endorsing an image of what they perceived Finland to be – they were unprepared for Aalto's avant-gardism. Canada had initially not planned to take part in the exposition because of reasons of cost. In February 1936, at a party in Ottawa, Raymond Brugère , the French minister-plenipotentiary pressed

999-572: The tower form, Classical rhythms and the use of Mediterranean marble and stucco. The pavilion was nestled under the Eiffel tower looking out over the Seine to the main part of the Exposition site. Giuseppe Pagano was responsible for the overall co-ordination of the exhibits and was the first impact on entering the building, its large courtyard garden and its hall of honour. The main entry was through

1036-421: The unique aloe fiber lace from Hvar . Lepoglava's tradition of lace-making started around 1400 with the arrival of Hungarian Pauline monks, who taught their weaving and lace-making craft to the local population. Initially applied to productions for the clergy and the nobility, it then spread to the general population, the decorated white linen clothing and turbans thus making for distinctive characteristics in

1073-427: Was a large white box, decorated externally with a painted frieze by John Skeaping and internally with giant photographic figures which included Neville Chamberlain fishing. Its contents were crafts objects arranged according to English words which had become loanwords in French, such as "sport" and "weekend", and included some items by renowned potter William Worrall . There was considerable British criticism that

1110-476: Was abandoned as it was far too expensive. The Finnish pavilion was designed by Alvar Aalto , following an open architectural competition held in 1936, where he had won both first and second prize, the winning entry "Le bois est en marche" forming the basis for the pavilion as built. Finland had been given a difficult, sloping wooded site near the Trocadéro , something which Aalto was able to exploit in creating

1147-543: Was also occupied during the Paleolithic Stone Age, and the earliest known written mention is from 1244. The first mention of Lepoglava dates back to 1399. Hermann II, Count of Celje , founded the monastery of Saint Paul the Hermit in 1400. Pauline monks from Hungary soon arrived. Although it was not the first Pauline monastery in Croatia, it was destined to become the most important one. In 1503 it opened

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1184-406: Was among the first Paulines who studied at Jesuit schools to train as professors for Pauline schools. Having subsequently held several positions of authority in the order, he retired to Lepoglava monastery in 1663 and worked there on his most important work: the ‘ Gazophylacium ’, a two-volume Latin-Croatian dictionary that also includes three Croatian dialects and a proposition for a new script making

1221-445: Was conceived as a monument to "German pride and achievement". It was to broadcast to the world that a new and powerful Germany had a restored sense of national pride. At night, the pavilion was illuminated by floodlights. Josef Thorak 's sculpture Comradeship stood outside the pavilion, depicting two enormous nude males, clasping hands and standing defiantly side by side, in a pose of mutual defense and "racial camaraderie". Television

1258-659: Was held from 25 May to 25 November 1937 in Paris , France . Both the Palais de Chaillot , housing the Musée de l'Homme , and the Palais de Tokyo , which houses the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris , were created for this exhibition that was officially sanctioned by the Bureau International des Expositions . A third building, Palais d'Iéna  [ fr ] , housing the permanent Museum of Public Works, which

1295-523: Was originally to be among the new museums created on the hill of Chaillot on the occasion of the Exhibition, was not built until January 1937 and inaugurated in March 1939. At first the centerpiece of the exposition was to be a 2,300-foot (700 m) tower (" Phare du Monde ") which was to have a spiraling road to a parking garage located at the top and a hotel and restaurant located above that. The idea

1332-441: Was shown as a novelty in German pavilion. The architect of the Soviet pavilion was Boris Iofan . Vera Mukhina designed the large figurative sculpture on the pavilion. The grand building was topped by Worker and Kolkhoz Woman , a large momentum-exerting statue, of a male worker and a female peasant, their hands together, thrusting a hammer and a sickle. The statue was meant to symbolize the union of workers and peasants. Italy

1369-526: Was vying for attention between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union who presented themselves as great (and opposing) forces to be reckoned with. Italy was the benevolent dictatorship: sunny, open and Mediterranean, it was founded on discipline, order and unity. Marcello Piacentini was given the job of designing the pavilion exterior. He used a modern reinforced concrete frame combined with traditional elements such as colonnades, terraces, courts and galleries,

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