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37-632: (Redirected from Lithang ) Litang may refer to: Litang or Lithang County (理塘县) in Sichuan / Kham , site of the Lithang Monastery Chiefdom of Lithang (1719–1906), a Tibetan polity Litang, Guangxi (黎塘镇), town in Binyang County Li Tang (hall of worship) (禮堂), place to perform religious rituals and to learn the teachings of Confucius Li Tang (梨汤),

74-536: A 27-point military law governing the conduct of the volunteers. Their headquarters were located at Tsona, then later moved to Lhagyari . Initially militia members purchased their own weapons, mainly World War II-era British .303 in, German 7.92 mm, and Russian 7.62 mm caliber rifles. Chushi Gangdruk contacted the US government for support. However, the State Department required an official request from

111-467: A deity and handles symbolic of Dorjee or thunderbolt and lotus flower. The formation of the Chushi Gangdruk was announced on 16 June 1958. It was called National Volunteer Defence Army (NVDA). "Chushi Gangdruk" is a Tibetan phrase meaning "land of four rivers and six ranges," and refers to Amdo and Kham . The group included Tibetans from those regions of eastern Tibet, and its main objective

148-481: A hot pear broth [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litang&oldid=1240124163 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

185-414: A sex ratio of 106.42. 27.8% were aged 0–14, 63.44% were aged 14–59, 8.76% were aged over 60, and 6.18% were aged over 65. University education accounted for 8.603%, high school education accounted for 4.714%, junior high school education accounted for 10.05%, and primary school education accounted for 38.335% . In 2021, the resident population of Litang County is 74,740, of which the registered population

222-804: Is 18,375.73 hectares, the county's forest coverage rate is 7.4%, the standing wood volume is 51,391,343 cubic meters, the main tree species are fir and spruce, the total area of natural grassland is 12,357,700 mu, the usable area is 9,891,600 mu, and the main forage species are There are alpine pine grass, Sichuan pine grass, black flower moss grass and so on. With an elevation of nearly 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), Litang has an alpine subarctic climate ( Köppen Dwc ), with long, cold, dry winters, and short, cool summers with very frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in January to only 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) in July;

259-456: Is 68,202. The urbanization rate is 39.19%. Most of them are Tibetans, and there are Han, Mongolian, Hui, Naxi, Tujia, Yi, Miao and Qiang nationalities , Litang people traditionally live on herding, and the tourism industry has gradually developed since the reform and opening up. In 2020, the GDP of Litang County will reach 1.96275 billion yuan, the industrial added value will be 137.57 million yuan,

296-553: Is about 400 meters higher than Lhasa, making it one of the highest towns in the world. Litang County has Haizi Mountain National Nature Reserve, Gemu County Nature Reserve, Xiaba Zhaga Sacred Mountain Nature Reserve, Wulianghe Provincial Wetland Park, and Zaraoxi Scenic Area. The ecological protection red line area is 7510.94 square kilometers, accounting for 52.33% of the county's total area and 10.77% of

333-601: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Litang County In 1272, the Yuan Dynasty set up Litang Zhou, later set up Ben Buer Yi Si Gang to recruit envoys, and in 1288 set up the Qianliang Office. In the Ming Dynasty, Litang Xuanfu Division was set up, and later it was Zhawudong Sima Qianhu Office; in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, it

370-655: The CIA Tibetan program was ended in 1974. Chushi Gangdruk ("Four Rivers, Six Ranges") is the name traditionally given to the eastern Tibetan region of Kham where the gorges of the Gyalmo Nyulchu ( Salween ), Dzachu ( Mekong ), Drichu ( Yangtze ), and Machu ( Yellow River ) rivers, all arising on the Tibetan Plateau , pass between six parallel ranges of mountains (Duldza Zalmogang, Tshawagang, Markhamgang, Pobargang, Mardzagang, and Minyagang) that form

407-725: The Seventeen-Point Agreement , when the negotiation broke down after Ngabo Shapé resisted to sign the agreement, Li Weihan threatened to order the Chinese troops to march into Lhasa . They decided it was more perilous to Tibet not to reach an agreement, so they accepted the Chinese terms without asking Lhasa. The Chinese were further furious when they were told that the Dalai Lama ’s seal was still in Yatung with him. The Chinese made new seal for Ngabo Shapé to stamp

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444-609: The Arrow Furnace Hall. in 1792, the grain affairs committee was established. In 1876, the land was reformed, and Lihua County was established, and in 1906, Hue County was established. In 1908, the Lihua Hall was set up to govern Daaba (Daocheng), Dingxiang (township), Shunhua (Litang) and other counties. In 1911, it was upgraded to Baohuafu. In 1913, the government of the Republic of China established Lihua County, which

481-572: The Chushi Gangdruk resistance currently living in India. Chushi Gangdruk also led the 14th Dalai Lama out of Lhasa , where he had lived, soon after the start of the Chinese invasion. During that time, a group of Chushi Gangdruk guerrillas was led by Kunga Samten, who is now deceased. Because the United States was prepared to recognize the People's Republic of China in the early 1970s, funding for

518-627: The Deputy Commissioner of Tezpur district, and were permitted to take their gold, silver, and other valuables. The 14th Dalai Lama conferred the rank of Dsasak to Andrug Gompo Tashi in a letter: “You have led the Chushi Gangdrug force with unshakeable determination to resist the Chinese occupation army for the great national cause of defending the freedom of Tibet. I confer on you the rank of Dzasak (the highest military rank equivalent to general) in recognition of your services to

555-578: The People's Republic of China. The primary motive was more to impede and harass the Chinese Communists, than to render sufficient aid to the Tibetans. On June 9, 2024, at Camp Hale , Colorado University's Department of Anthropology, Tibet Himalaya Initiative, Vail Symposium and Colorado Chushi Gangdruk organized a commemoration of the CIA and Chushi Gangdruk joint efforts. The group assisted

592-984: The Tibetan government in Lhasa , which was not forthcoming. State Department requests were made and ignored in both 1957 and 1958. Without getting approval from the Dalai Lama, the US Central Intelligence Agency decided to go ahead to support the Chushi Gangdrug Tenshung Danglang Mak in the summer of 1959. The CIA provided the group with material assistance and aid, including arms and ammunition, as well as training to members of Chushi Gangdruk and other Tibetan guerrilla groups at Camp Hale . In addition to military operations, they were also trained in political and propaganda techniques. The Tibetan involvement with

629-486: The U.S. came during a period of Cold War rhetorical anti-imperialism among major world powers, used to justify contemporary imperial expansion. Rhetorically, this new push for empire-building was manifested in the United States as anti-communism, and in the People's Republic of China as anti-capitalism. Allen Dulles , the CIA deputy director responsible for overseeing all CIA covert operations, saw an opportunity to destabilize

666-560: The Yalong River and the Jinsha River. There are 48 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers. Among them, 8 rivers including Wuliang River and Reyi River flow into the Yalong River, Naqu River and Lapo River. , Zhangna River three rivers into the Jinsha River. Litang Town (the seat of the county) itself is located at an altitude of 4,014 metres. It is on open grassland and surrounded by snow-capped mountains and

703-468: The annual mean is 3.65 °C (38.6 °F). Over 80% of the 765 mm (30.1 in) of annual precipitation is delivered from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38% in July to 83% in December, the county seat receives 2,643 hours of bright sunshine annually, with winter by far the sunniest season. Litang County administers 7 towns and 15 townships . The seat of

740-431: The collectivization of property and confiscate privately owned firearms but were met with local opposition. Thousands of armed Tibetans attacked and killed several Chinese during an attempt to take over the town. After Chinese reinforcements arrived, the Tibetan forces sought refuge inside the monastery along with civilians. A siege battle ensued, but even as casualties ran high on both sides, negotiations failed to resolve

777-514: The conflict despite a show of force by Chinese bomber aircraft . Tibetan fighters tried to escape during the night before a full-scale Chinese assault the next morning. Losses were reported to be in the hundreds to the thousands. Many survivors later joined the Tibetan guerilla force Chushi Gandruk . In August, 2007, the Litang Horse Festival was the scene of an impromptu anti-government political speech by Runggye Adak , which

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814-433: The country. The present situation calls for a continuance of your brave struggle with the same determination and courage”. In addition, Andrug Jindak received gifts of priceless religious relics including an earthen statue of God of Protection Jigchi Mahai and holy beads. From 1960, Chushi Gangdruk conducted its guerrilla operations from the northern Nepalese region of Mustang . In 1974, guerrilla operations ceased after

851-420: The county is Litang Town (officially: Gaocheng), which is located at an altitude of 4,014 metres. It is on open grassland and surrounded by snow-capped mountains and is about 400 meters higher than Lhasa, making it one of the highest towns in the world. According to China's seventh national census in 2020, Litang County has a total population of 67,293 people, of which 51.56% are male and 48.44% are female, with

888-712: The document when he exclaimed that he did not have his official seal to stamp the document, though he had with him the official seal as the Governor General of Kham. Therefore, on 23 May 1951, Ngabo Shapé was forced to sign under duress the "Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet," commonly known as the “Seventeen-Point Agreement”. The group

925-737: The escape of the 14th Dalai Lama to India in March 1959. After this, Andrug Jindak persuaded Kunga Samten Dewatshang in Tawang to surrender his weapons to the Indian authorities. Shangri Lhagyal and other Chushi Gangdrug fighters handed over their weapons to the Indian officials at Tezpur , India. They crossed the border where they were greeted by a representative of the Tibetan Government, Tsedrung Jampa Wangdu. On 29 April 1959, they handed over their rifles, ammunition, and all other weapons to

962-536: The monastery where Ngabo Shapé was hiding was surrounded by the Chinese troops accompanied by a few Khampa guides, and here Ngabo Shapé and his officials and troops surrendered to the invading Chinese. The Tibetan Government army in Chamdo was defeated , and the Communist Chinese army took over the city of Chamdo. In Drugu monastery, Ngabo Shapé signed the official surrender. During the negotiation of

999-580: The political and religious freedom of Tibet. Khampas and Amdowas had been fighting against the since 1956 in different parts of Kham and Amdo . On 16 June 1958, a meeting of Chushi Gangdrug and their supporters was held in Lhodak Dhama Dzong with impressive cavalry parade, incense burnt to the Dalai Lama photograph, and then launched the Chushi Gangdrug yellow flag of the Tensik Danglang Mak with an emblem of two swords represented

1036-888: The southwest of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, between the Jinsha River and the Yalong River on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . The Shaluli Mountains runs from north to south. The terrain is dominated by hill-shaped plateaus and mountain plains. The main mountain ranges are Ge'nyen Massif with an altitude of 6,204 meters, Xiaozha Mountain (肖扎山) with an altitude of 5,807 meters, Kainmêlong Mountain ( mkhan me long , 克麦隆山) with an altitude of 5,780 meters and Kuergangzhong Mountain (库尔岗中山) with an altitude of 5,601 meters. The rivers in Litang County are divided into two major river systems,

1073-738: The state's ecological red line area. There are China's national second-class protected vegetable oil barley spruce and long-bud fir, and China's first-class protected animals include white-lipped deer, forest musk deer, horse musk deer, leopard, snow leopard, Chinese merganser duck, golden eagle, jade belt sea eagle, bearded vulture, bar-tailed Hazel Chicken, Sichuan Pheasant. China's second-class protected animals include macaques, Asian black bears, otters, lynx, golden cats, sambar, Tibetan gazelle, goral, blue sheep, argali, grassland eagle, and Tibetan horse chicken. The soils in Litang County are mainly alpine meadow soil, dark brown soil and alpine shrub meadow soil. There are 9 types and 13 sub-types. The forest area

1110-679: The total investment in fixed assets of the whole society will be 1.21468 billion yuan, the total retail sales of consumer goods will be 843.62 million yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban residents will be 39,343 yuan. , the per capita disposable income of rural residents is 13,009 yuan. On February 18, 2020, the Sichuan Provincial Government approved the withdrawal of Litang County from poverty-stricken counties. Chushi Gangdruk Chushi Gangdruk ( Tibetan : ཆུ་བཞི་སྒང་དྲུག་ , Wylie : Chu bzhi sgang drug , lit.   ' Four Rivers, Six Ranges ' )

1147-531: The watersheds for these rivers. " Chu " (choo) is the Tibetan word for "water", and " shi " (she) is the Tibetan word for 4. " Gang " is range, and " druk " (drewk) means 6. The group's full name was the "Kham Four Rivers, Six Ranges Tibetan Defenders of the Faith Volunteer Army" ( Tibetan : མདོ་སྟོད་ཆུ་བཞི་སྒང་དྲུག་བོད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་སྲུང་དང་བླངས་དམག་ , Wylie : mdo stod chu bzhi sgang drug bod kyi bstan srung dang blangs dmag ). On 19 October 1950,

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1184-607: Was a Tibetan guerrilla group. Formally organized on 16 June 1958, the Chushi Gangdruk fought the forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1956 until 1974 when the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) withdrew its support for the guerrilla group. The Dokham Chushi Gangdruk organization, a charity set up in New York City and India with chapters in other countries, now supports survivors of

1221-434: Was established by Andrug Gompo Tashi (also known as Andrug Jindak). Like many other volunteered fighters, Jindak financed many of the guerrillas and was accepted as their undisputed leader. In order to mobilize more support across the different regions of Tibet, the names Tenshung Danglang Mak were appended to Chushi Gangdrug in order to address the pan-Tibetan composition of the people's army. Tenshung Danglang Mak fought for

1258-482: Was followed by protests calling for his release. A crackdown officially described as "patriotic education campaign" followed in autumn of 2007, including several politically motivated arrests and attempts to force local Tibetans to denounce the 14th Dalai Lama . In 2013, one major temple of the Lithang Monastery burned to the ground in an accidental fire. Litang County is located in the west of Sichuan,

1295-614: Was subordinate to the Chuanbian Special Administrative Region. In 1925, it was changed to Xikang Road, Xikang Province. On December 14, 1951, it was renamed Litang County. The Lithang Monastery , known formally as Ganden Thubchen Choekhorling, was originally a temple built for the worship of Bon . In A.D. 1580 it was converted to Gelug Buddhism by the 3rd Dalai Lama . In the centuries since, Litang Monastery has been damaged and rebuilt several times. In 1956 Chinese communists wanted to accelerate

1332-645: Was the territory of Gushi Khan. In 1709, the Qing Dynasty set up a deputy camp officer, belonging to the Qinghai Daiqingheshuoqi Department. In 1719, the Qing army passed through Litang, and all the chieftains submitted their household registration to pay grain, and Litang was placed under Sichuan Province. It was made into an autonomous Tusi chiefdom. In 1729, Litang was established as the deputy Xuanfu Division, which belongs to

1369-501: Was to drive PRC occupational forces out of Tibet . While central and western Tibet ( Ü-Tsang ) were bound by a 17-point agreement with the People's Republic of China, the PRC initiated land reform in eastern Tibet (including Amdo and Kham) and engaged in harsh reprisals against the Tibetan land-owners there. Under the direction of General Andrug Gonpo Tashi , Chushi Gangdruk included 37 allied forces and 18 military commanders. They drafted

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