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18-524: The Light Railways Act 1896 ( 59 & 60 Vict. c. 48) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Before the act each new railway line built in the country required a specific act of Parliament to be obtained by the company that wished to construct it, which greatly added to the cost and time it took to construct new railways. The economic downturn of

36-410: A light railway order , build and operate it. By reducing the legal costs and allowing new railways to be built quickly the government hoped to encourage companies to build the new 'light railways' in areas of low population and industry that were previously of little interest to them. A light railway is not a tramway but a separate class of railway. The act was triggered by the complexity of creating

54-564: A maximum permitted axle weight and stated that '...the regulations respecting the speed of trains shall not authorize a speed exceeding at any time twenty-five miles an hour'. For the purpose of facilitating the construction and working of light railways in Great Britain, there shall be established a commission, consisting of three commissioners, to be styled the Light Railway Commissioners, and to be appointed by

72-473: A tramway. The Light Railways Act 1896 was never a great success. By the 1920s the use of road transport had killed the majority of these little railways, although some survived thanks to clever management and tight financial control. The act was repealed in 1993 for England and Wales by the Transport and Works Act 1992 and no new light railway orders were allowed to be issued for Scotland since 2007. Until

90-470: The 'one engine in steam' principle). A number of municipal and company-owned street tramways were built or extended by the act, in preference to the Tramways Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 78). The procedure of the 1896 act was simpler, permission easier to obtain (local authorities had the right to veto lines under the 1870 legislation), and there was a 75% savings on rates payable as compared to

108-452: The 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom , which met from 11 February 1896 until 14 August 1896. Transport and Works Act 1992 The Transport and Works Act 1992 ( TWA ) was established by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to provide a system by which the construction of rail transport , tramway , inland waterway and harbour infrastructure could proceed in the UK by order of

126-577: The Secretary of State for Transport rather than, as before, on the passing of a private bill . Permissions granted under the TWA are issued in the form of a Transport and Works Act Order , often abbreviated to TWAO . The TWA was introduced as a response to criticism by members of Parliament of the private-bill-based approach to the approval of transport infrastructure projects in the UK. Private bills were, from

144-469: The Transport and Works Act 1992 introduced transport works orders, heritage railways in the UK were operated under light railway orders. A number of railways have, over the years, been built on private land, with names that end in "Light Railway". These have not needed parliamentary powers or a light railway order. The name has only reflected the light nature of the railway. Many miniature railways are named in this way. 59 %26 60 Vict. Note that

162-413: The 1880s had hit agriculture and rural communities in the United Kingdom especially hard and the government wished to facilitate the construction of railways in rural areas, especially to facilitate the transport of goods. The 1896 act defined a class of railways which did not require specific legislation to construct – companies could simply plan a line under the auspices of the new act, and, having obtained

180-667: The Parliament of Ireland . For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament , the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru ; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by

198-564: The President of the Board of Trade. The Light Railways Act 1896 did not specify any exceptions or limitations that should apply to light railways; it did not even attempt to define a 'light railway'. However, it gave powers to a panel of three Light Railway Commissioners to include 'provisions for the safety of the public... as they think necessary for the proper construction and working of the railway' in any light railway order (LRO) granted under

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216-533: The act. These could limit vehicle axle weights and speeds: the maximum speed of 25 miles per hour (mph) often associated with the Light Railways Act 1896 is not specified in the act but was a product of the earlier Regulation of Railways Act 1868 ( 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119). However, limits were particularly needed when lightly laid track and relatively modest bridges were used in order to keep costs down. LROs could also exempt light railways from some of

234-419: The first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland ). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland . For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain . See also the list of acts of

252-577: The last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number. All modern acts have a short title , e.g. the Local Government Act 2003. Some earlier acts also have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896 . The second session of

270-523: The low-cost railways that were needed at the time in rural areas, and by the successful use of tramway rules to create the Wisbech and Upwell Tramway in 1882, which was in fact a light railway in all but name. The Regulation of Railways Act 1868 ( 31 & 32 Vict. c. 119) had permitted the construction of light railways subject to '...such conditions and regulations as the Board of Trade may from time to time impose or make'; for such railways it specified

288-524: The nineteenth century onwards, the only way to gain authorisation for such infrastructure. However, work associated with the drafting and sponsorship of such bills was viewed by a Joint Committee on Private Bill Procedure, set up in 1987, as unduly onerous for parliamentary representatives. The provisions of the TWA mirrored and augmented the development of the UK planning system in the twentieth century, which provided an alternative route for authorisation of certain planning matters. This legislation in

306-432: The requirements of a normal railway: level crossings did not have to be protected by gates, but only by cattle grids , saving the cost of both the gates and a keeper to operate them. It did not exclude standard-gauge track , but narrow-gauge tracks were used for many railways built under its provisions. Many of the railways built under the auspices of the act were very basic, with little or no signalling (many ran under

324-496: The year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of

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