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38-1087: Linas is a Lithuanian male given name. It is the Lithuanian form of the name Linus , which derives from the Greek for " flax ". The female equivalent is Lina . Linas may refer to: People [ edit ] Linas Adomaitis (born 1976), Lithuanian musician Linas Alsenas (born 1979), American writer Linas Balčiūnas (born 1978), Lithuanian cyclist Linas Kleiza (born 1985), Lithuanian basketball player Linas Klimavičius (born 1989), Lithuanian football player Linas Linkevičius (born 1961), Lithuanian politician Linas Pilibaitis (born 1985), Lithuanian football player Other uses [ edit ] Linas, Essonne , France Monte Linas , Sardinia, Italy See also [ edit ] Lina Linas-Montlhéry References [ edit ] ^ Linas/Linus @behindthename.com [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

76-592: A suffix . For female names this may be -elė , -utė , -ytė , or -užė ; certain suffixes are more common to specific names over the rest. Also, as in many other cultures, a person may informally use a nickname ( pravardė ) in addition to or instead of a given name. Lithuanian surnames, like those in most of Europe, are hereditary and generally patrilineal , i.e., passed from the father to his children. Formally, Lithuanian surnames are divided into two groups—Lithuanian and non-Lithuanian ones. Non-Lithuanian surnames are typically of Slavic origin that currently possess

114-469: A given name is influenced by fashion. Many parents may name their child after a national hero or heroine, some otherwise famous person, or a character from a book, film, or TV show . However, many names used in today's Lithuania have been in use since the ancient times. Lithuanian male and female names are distinguished grammatically. Almost all Lithuanian female names end in the vowels -a or - ė , while male names almost always end in -s , and rarely in

152-446: A long list of traditional names; these include: These are the most ancient layer of Lithuanian personal names; a majority of them are dual- stemmed personal names, of Indo-European origin. These ancient Lithuanian names are constructed from two interconnected stems , the combination of which has been used to denote certain beneficial personal qualities, for example Jo-gaila means "a strong rider". Although virtually extinct following

190-408: A masculine surname usually ends in -as , -ys or -is , its feminine equivalent ends in -ienė or rarely -uvienė for married women and -aitė , -utė , -iūtė or -ytė for unmarried ones. Examples: There also is a rare archaic suffix for the unmarried feminine surname, -iukė , e.g., Martinaitis -> Martinaičiukė, which is a diminutive suffix. In 2003, Lithuanian laws allowed women to use

228-412: A process on a mass scale. In 2009, the question of Lithuanians being allowed to fully Lithuanize their family names was raised again, but it received little support. A married woman usually adopts her husband's name. However, other combinations are legally possible. The wife may keep her maiden name ( mergautinė pavardė ) or add her husband's surname to hers, thus creating a double-barrelled name . It

266-539: A serpent prince from the fairy tale Eglė the Queen of Serpents , Jūratė , goddess of the sea, and Kastytis , from the legend about Jūratė and Kastytis . A distinctive practice dominated in the ethnic region of Lithuania Minor , then part of East Prussia , where Lithuanized German personal names were common, such as Ansas ( Hans ), Grėtė ( Grete ), Vilius ( Wilhelm ) among Prussian Lithuanians . Some of them are still in use among Lithuanians. The choice of

304-457: A short form, without disclosing the marital status (ending in -ė instead of -ienė/-aitė/etc.: Adamkus → Adamkė). These names are used, although traditional forms are still predominant. According to the Department of Statistics of Lithuania , the most popular feminine family names are: Lithuanians pay great attention to the correct way of referring to or addressing other people depending on

342-427: A vowel -a or -ė , e.g. Mozė ( Moses ). If a masculine name ending in -a has a feminine counterpart, it ends in -ė , e.g. Jogaila and Jogailė . Female double-stemmed Lithuanian names always end in -ė . Diminutives are very popular in everyday usage, and are by no means reserved for children. The Lithuanian language allows for a great deal of creativity in this field. Most diminutives are formed by adding

380-632: Is a rare archaic usage of a diminutive suffix, -iukas , appended to surnames, e.g., Dankša -> Dankšiukas, Kaplanas -> Kaplaniukas, Sederevičius -> Sederevičiukas. For toponymic and patronymic names the use of suffixes that cognate to the Slavic equivalent, such as -avičius (cognate of "-owicz"), -auskas (cognate of "-owski") is common: Jankauskas (cognate of Slavic Jankowski ), Adamkevičius (cognate of Adamkowicz or Adamkiewicz ), Lukoševičius (cognate of Łukaszewicz ). Lithuanian surnames have specific masculine and feminine forms. While

418-534: Is also possible, though rare, for the husband to adopt his wife's surname or to add his wife's surname to his family name. Family names first appeared in Lithuania around 1500, but were reserved for the Lithuanian nobility . They usually derived from patronymics . The use of family names gradually spread to other social groups: the townsfolk by the end of the 17th century, then the peasantry . People from

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456-462: Is called suppletion . An example of a suppletive paradigm is the paradigm for the adjective good : its stem changes from good to the bound morpheme bet- . Both in Latin and Greek , the declension (inflection) of some nouns uses a different stem in the oblique cases than in the nominative and vocative singular cases. Such words belong to, respectively, the so-called third declension of

494-406: Is cited with the infinitive inflection ( correr ) and always appears in actual speech as a non-finite (infinitive or participle) or conjugated form. Such morphemes that cannot occur on their own in this way are usually referred to as bound morphemes . In computational linguistics , the term "stem" is used for the part of the word that never changes, even morphologically, when inflected, and a lemma

532-521: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Lithuanian name A Lithuanian personal name , as in most European cultures, consists of two main elements: the given name ( vardas ) followed by the family name ( pavardė ). The usage of personal names in Lithuania is generally governed (in addition to personal taste and family custom) by three major factors: civil law , canon law , and tradition. Lithuanian names always follow

570-440: Is the base form of the word. For example, given the word "produced", its lemma (linguistics) is "produce", but the stem is "produc-" because of the inflected form "producing". A list of all the inflected forms of a word stem is called its inflectional paradigm. The paradigm of the adjective tall is given below, and the stem of this adjective is tall . Some paradigms do not make use of the same stem throughout; this phenomenon

608-573: The 16th century . This led to Lithuanian personal and family names to be written by applying Slavic phonetics and morphology . The influence of Slavic naming only grew when Lithuania formed a bi-federation with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland later on. However, in the 1930s, politicians considered passing legal acts, which would allow Lithuanians to adopt alternative family names of Lithuanian origin, but this suggestion faced many legal barriers and

646-519: The Christianization of Lithuania , they continued to exist as surnames , such as Goštautas , Kęsgaila , Radvila or in their Slavicised versions, as well as in toponyms . The existing surnames and written sources have allowed linguists such as Kazimieras Būga to reconstruct these names. In the period between World War I and World War II these names returned to popular use after a long period of neglect. Children are often named in honor of

684-480: The Polish language . The honorific style of Lithuanian origin is Tamsta ( vocative case Tamsta ), which can be used either as a gender-neutral honorific style or a polite way to refer to someone whose name is unknown. However, the latter is rarely practiced today in the standard Lithuanian language. The given name(s) normally comes before the surname. However, in a list of people sorted alphabetically by surname,

722-502: The 19th century, they have come to be used in all strata of society and may be considered equivalent to the English "Mr." and "Ms." There is a separate style, Panelė ("Miss"), applied to an unmarried woman, and Ponaitis ("Mister"), traditionally applied to an unmarried man but these days the latter style is rarely used in practice. Although widely used, the honorific styles Ponas and Ponia came into Lithuanian as direct loanwords from

760-588: The Latin grammar and the so-called third declension of the Ancient Greek grammar. For example, the genitive singular is formed by adding -is (Latin) or -ος (Greek) to the oblique stem, and the genitive singular is conventionally listed in Greek and Latin dictionaries to illustrate the oblique. English words derived from Latin or Greek often involve the oblique stem: adip ose , altitudin al , andr oid , and mathemat ics . Historically,

798-642: The adoption of Christianity in 1387. They are mostly borrowed in their Polish versions: Jonas ( St. John ), Vladislovas / Vladas ( St. Ladislaus ), Kazimieras / Kazys ( St. Casimir ), Ona ( St. Anne ), etc. There are popular names constructed from the words for celestial bodies ( Saulė for the Sun , Aušrinė for Venus ), events of nature ( Audra for storm, Aušra for dawn , Rasa for dew , Vėjas for wind, Aidas for echo ), plants ( Linas / Lina for flax , Eglė for spruce ), and river names ( Ūla , Vilija for River Neris ). Some names were created by

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836-515: The ancient Lithuanian personal names, such as Budrys , Girdenis , Tylenis , Vilkas , Amantas , Bukantas , Rimgaila , Vizgirda , Tarvydas . A number of them were identified from historical names of villages, farmsteads, etc., often in plural, named after the founding families, e.g., Darbutas . A cognominal surname derives from a person's nickname, usually based on a physical or character trait. Examples: Examples of occupational surnames : A toponymic surname usually derives from

874-565: The authors of literary works and spread in public use through them. Such names followed the rules of the Lithuanian language; therefore it is sometimes difficult to tell whether the name is fictitious and had never existed before. Notably, Gražina , Živilė by Adam Mickiewicz , Daiva by Vydūnas , Šarūnas by Vincas Krėvė and others. There are some popular names of gods and goddesses from Lithuanian mythology that are used as personal names, such as Laima , goddess of luck, Žemyna , goddess of earth, Gabija , goddess of fire; Žilvinas ,

912-435: The difference in stems arose due to sound changes in the nominative. In the Latin third declension, for example, the nominative singular suffix -s is combined with a stem-final consonant. If that consonant was c , the result was x (a mere orthographic change), while if it was g , the -s caused it to devoice , again resulting in x . If the stem-final consonant was another alveolar consonant ( t, d, r ), it elided before

950-758: The historical Birutė , Aldona , Rimgailė etc. The use of Christian names in the Lithuanian language long predates the adoption of Christianity by Lithuanians. The linguistic data attest that first Biblical names started to be used in Aukštaitija as early as the 11th century. The earliest stratum of such names originates from Old Church Slavonic ; they were borrowed by Eastern Orthodoxy in their Byzantine versions. Examples of such names are Antanas ( St. Anthony ), Povilas or Paulius ( St. Paul ), Andrius ( St. Andrew ) and Jurgis ( St. George ), while female names include Kotryna ( St. Catherine ) and Marija ( St. Mary ). The later influx of Christian names came after

988-405: The history of languages and language families . The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question. In Athabaskan linguistics , for example, a verb stem is a root that cannot appear on its own and that carries the tone of the word. By attaching the morpheme -ship to the root word friend (which some linguists call a stem, too),

1026-436: The level of social distance, familiarity and politeness. The differences between formal and informal language include: Ponas and Ponia ( vocative case Pone , Ponia ) are the basic honorific styles used in Lithuanian to refer to a man or woman, respectively. In the past, these styles were reserved to members of the szlachta and played more or less the same roles as "Lord" or "Sir" and "Lady" or "Madam" in English. Since

1064-427: The most revered historical Lithuanian rulers; these are some of the most popular names. They include Vytautas , Gediminas , Algirdas , and Žygimantas . In line with the double-stemmed names, shorter variants containing only one stem were also used, such as Vytenis and Kęstutis . Since there are few pre-Christian female names attested in written sources, they are often reconstructed from male variants, in addition to

1102-466: The name of a village or town, or the name of a topographic feature. Examples: A patronymic surname derives from a given name of a person and usually ends in a suffix suggesting a family relation. Native Lithuanian patronymic suffixes are - aitis, -utis, -ytis , -ėlis . Patronymic suffixes -vičius/-vičiūtė/-vičienė are borrowed from Ruthenian suffix -vich . Examples: A number of surnames are diminutives of popular first names. There also

1140-444: The new word friendship was synthesized. While an s can be attached to friendship to form friendships , it can not be attached to the root within it to form friendsship . A stem is a base from which all its inflected variants are formed. For example, the stabil- (a variant of stable unable to stand alone) is the root of the destabilized , while the stem consists of de·stabil·ize , including de- and -ize . The -(e)d , on

1178-425: The other hand, is not part of the stem. Stem may either consist of a root (e.g. run ) alone or a compound word , such as meatball and bottleneck (examples of compound nouns) or blacken and standardize (examples of compound verbs). The stem of the verb to wait is wait : it is the part that is common to all its inflected variants. In languages with very little inflection, such as English and Chinese ,

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1216-479: The partially Lithuanized endings -auskas , -iauskas , - inskas , -ickas , -eckis , -avičius , - evičius , or -iškis for males and their corresponding forms for married and unmarried females. This is mainly due to historical reasons such as Grand Duchy of Lithuania using Ruthenian as its official written language instead of Lithuanian since the first written records of the Baltic language date back only to

1254-484: The rules of the Lithuanian language . Lithuanian male names have preserved the Indo-European masculine endings ( -as ; -is ; -us ). These gendered endings are preserved even for foreign names. A child in Lithuania is usually given one or two given names. Nowadays the second given name is rarely used in everyday situations. As well as modern names, parents can choose a name or names for their child from

1292-418: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linas&oldid=1159997823 " Categories : Given names Lithuanian masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

1330-404: The stem is usually not distinct from the "normal" form of the word (the lemma, citation, or dictionary form). However, in other languages, word stems may rarely or never occur on their own. For example, the English verb stem run is indistinguishable from its present tense form (except in the third person singular). However, the equivalent Spanish verb stem corr- never appears as such because it

1368-475: The surname usually comes first. In many formal situations the given name is omitted altogether. Informal forms of address are normally used only by relatives, close friends and colleagues. In such situations diminutives are often preferred to the standard forms of given names. Word stem Uncovering and analyzing cognation between word stems and roots within and across languages has allowed comparative philology and comparative linguistics to determine

1406-422: The villages did not have last names until the end of the 18th century. In such cases their village of origin was usually noted in documents. The process ended only in the mid-19th century, and due to the partial Polonization of society at the time many names were influenced by Polish form of the name. Based on origin, several groups of Lithuanian family names may be recognized. A number of surnames evolved from

1444-442: Was criticized by some linguists who believed such family names to be of historical importance. Although some did manage to change their last names during the interwar period , Unlike countries such as Finland where Fennomans urged their compatriots to change their family names of Swedish origin into Finnish ones, or Estonia, where 17% of the population Estonianized their surnames in 1935-1940, Lithuanians never underwent such

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