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78-486: Linus Media Group Inc. ( LMG ) is a privately held Canadian digital media entertainment company with a focus on technology, founded by Linus Sebastian and Yvonne Ho in 2012. The company owns and operates several technology-oriented YouTube channels and podcasts, most popularly Linus Tech Tips ( LTT ), serving as their production agency and distributor. LMG's other channels, including Techquickie , TechLinked , ShortCircuit , and GameLinked have amassed

156-420: A Linus Tech Tips video with Sebastian for winning a competition and left the company in late 2021, alleged within a Twitter thread of a hostile work environment while she worked at the company, including instances of assault , sexism , and other inappropriate conduct. She was reportedly scolded for taking sick days, which drove her to commit self-harm , because she saw it as "the only way in my mind to take

234-412: A PDF file from a seemingly legitimate sponsor email. On September 7, 2024, Linus Tech Tips released a video stating that one of their recent videos in the series, How to De-Google Your Life was taken down by Google due to an alleged breach of Youtube's terms of service. The video stated that Linus Media Group released a video explaining how to use an Ad Blocker to bypass Youtube's advertisements in

312-631: A page description . PDF has (as of version 2.0) 25 graphics state properties, of which some of the most important are: As in PostScript, vector graphics in PDF are constructed with paths . Paths are usually composed of lines and cubic Bézier curves , but can also be constructed from the outlines of text. Unlike PostScript, PDF does not allow a single path to mix text outlines with lines and curves. Paths can be stroked, filled, fill then stroked, or used for clipping . Strokes and fills can use any color set in

390-496: A PDF are: In later PDF revisions, a PDF document can also support links (inside document or web page), forms, JavaScript (initially available as a plugin for Acrobat 3.0), or any other types of embedded contents that can be handled using plug-ins. PDF combines three technologies: PostScript is a page description language run in an interpreter to generate an image. It can handle graphics and has standard features of programming languages such as branching and looping . PDF

468-455: A PDF. Within text strings, characters are shown using character codes (integers) that map to glyphs in the current font using an encoding . There are several predefined encodings, including WinAnsi , MacRoman , and many encodings for East Asian languages and a font can have its own built-in encoding. (Although the WinAnsi and MacRoman encodings are derived from the historical properties of

546-420: A PostScript file could be accurately rendered only as the cumulative result of executing all preceding commands to draw all previous pages—any of which could affect subsequent pages—plus the commands to draw that particular page, and there was no easy way to bypass that process to skip around to different pages. Traditionally, to go from PostScript to PDF, a source PostScript file (that is, an executable program)

624-477: A Web browser plugin without waiting for the entire file to download, since all objects required for the first page to display are optimally organized at the start of the file. PDF files may be optimized using Adobe Acrobat software or QPDF . Page dimensions are not limited by the format itself. However, Adobe Acrobat imposes a limit of 15 million by 15 million inches, or 225 trillion in (145,161 km ). The basic design of how graphics are represented in PDF

702-439: A conversation about Ethereum , GPT-4 , and other topics. The hackers also unlisted many videos and later re-published them as well as uploaded videos with titles that stated "DONOTUPLOAD" and subsequently changed the name to LinusTechTipsTemp to seem more legitimate. Sometime before 11:51 am UTC, all hacked channels were terminated, although it is unclear if it was by the hackers or by YouTube. Around 3 pm UTC, Sebastian published

780-460: A creative role, effective July 1, 2023. Terren Tong, previously an executive of Corsair Gaming and whom Sebastian worked under during his time at NCIX, was named to replace Sebastian as CEO. In the announcement, Sebastian mentioned he had received a buyout offer for the company from an unnamed entity, valuing it at around $ 100 million. Sebastian declined the offer. On November 17, 2024, "Mac Address, and Gamelinked each announced that their channel

858-425: A day off without being harassed for a reason why". Reeve said that she did not previously make these allegations public, because she "feared even more backlash from a community that was already attacking, defaming , and sending [her] death threats ", and that her experience has been "eating away at [her] for 2 years." According to Reeve, the company suffered from problems with "ego and the bottom line" and that there

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936-478: A follow-up video. The apology video was criticized for being monetized as well as featuring jokes about sponsorships and links to the channel's store page. The video was demonetized by Linus Media Group following the criticism. The store page was also linked in the video's description, but Dexerto noted that this could have been automated by YouTube and not purposefully placed. In response to a comment on Floatplane, Linus Media Group's video sharing platform, suggesting

1014-629: A garage, while the company was incorporated in October 2012. Previously Sebastian worked for the now-defunct Canadian online computer retailer NCIX and later on served as a host for the retailer's online video content. Due to high costs and low viewership during the early days of the channel, Sebastian was instructed to create the Linus Tech Tips channel as a cheaper offshoot of the NCIX channel, to allow for lower production values without affecting

1092-410: A message on Floatplane, saying that he had everything "locked down" and that he is working with Google to get everything reinstated. At approximately 3 am UTC, all hacked channels were reinstated, with most unauthorized changes reverted some time later. A video was later published on the Linus Tech Tips channel about the incident explaining that an employee had downloaded a Trojan horse in the guise of

1170-452: A page description as an inline image .) Images are typically filtered for compression purposes. Image filters supported in PDF include the following general-purpose filters: Normally all image content in a PDF is embedded in the file. But PDF allows image data to be stored in external files by the use of external streams or Alternate Images . Standardized subsets of PDF, including PDF/A and PDF/X , prohibit these features. Text in PDF

1248-417: A paper for a project then code-named Camelot, in which he proposed the creation of a simplified version of PostScript called Interchange PostScript (IPS). Unlike traditional PostScript, which was tightly focused on rendering print jobs to output devices, IPS would be optimized for displaying pages to any screen and any platform. Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. In

1326-439: A printing device. PostScript was not intended for long-term storage and real-time interactive rendering of electronic documents to computer monitors , so there was no need to support anything other than consecutive rendering of pages. If there was an error in the final printed output, the user would correct it at the application level and send a new print job in the form of an entirely new PostScript file. Thus, any given page in

1404-469: A result, files that use a small amount of transparency might be viewed acceptably by older viewers, but files making extensive use of transparency could be viewed incorrectly by an older viewer. The transparency extensions are based on the key concepts of transparency groups , blending modes , shape , and alpha . The model is closely aligned with the features of Adobe Illustrator version 9. The blend modes were based on those used by Adobe Photoshop at

1482-473: A stream may be used instead of the ASCII cross-reference table and contains the offsets and other information in binary format. The format is flexible in that it allows for integer width specification (using the /W array), so that for example, a document not exceeding 64  KiB in size may dedicate only 2 bytes for object offsets. At the end of a PDF file is a footer containing If a cross-reference stream

1560-599: A total of 26.39 million subscribers, resulting in 9.16 billion video views between them. After serving as the CEO of Linus Media Group for 10 years, Sebastian stepped down from this position effective July 1, 2023, replaced by Terren Tong. Sebastian and his wife, Yvonne Ho, remain the sole shareholders in the company, and Sebastian transitioned to chief visionary officer . British Columbia native Linus Sebastian and several others launched Linus Media Group in January 2013 out of

1638-460: A video from GamersNexus, a tech YouTube channel, in which GamersNexus editor-in-chief Steve Burke stated that Linus Tech Tips had sold the prototype during a silent charity auction at LTX 2023 without the consent of Billet Labs. More broadly, GamersNexus accused Linus Tech Tips of "rushing content out the door" and tarnishing its "accuracy, ethics, and responsibility". They cited a number of videos in which Linus Tech Tips had made mistakes which in

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1716-468: A video, which is in breach of the Terms Of Service. Since this was their first copyright strike, the channel did not suffer any additional sanctions. On January 2, 2016, Linus Tech Tips released a video demonstrating a computer capable of supporting seven individual users at once, with an estimated total cost of $ 30,000. The video made technology news on a number of websites. In August 2017,

1794-586: Is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents , including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software , hardware , and operating systems . Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts , vector graphics , raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF

1872-415: Is a subset of PostScript, simplified to remove such control flow features, while graphics commands remain. PostScript was originally designed for a drastically different use case : transmission of one-way linear print jobs in which the PostScript interpreter would collect a series of commands until it encountered the showpage command, then execute all the commands to render a page as a raster image to

1950-464: Is also a shading pattern , which draws continuously varying colors. There are seven types of shading patterns of which the simplest are the axial shading (Type 2) and radial shading (Type 3). Raster images in PDF (called Image XObjects ) are represented by dictionaries with an associated stream. The dictionary describes the properties of the image, and the stream contains the image data. (Less commonly, small raster images may be embedded directly in

2028-469: Is called an embedded font while the former is called an unembedded font . The font files that may be embedded are based on widely used standard digital font formats: Type 1 (and its compressed variant CFF), TrueType , and (beginning with PDF 1.6) OpenType . Additionally PDF supports the Type 3 variant in which the components of the font are described by PDF graphic operators. Fourteen typefaces, known as

2106-478: Is illegal. In December 2018, Linus Tech Tips released a four-part series detailing their experience buying a gaming PC from 6 systems integrators representing 3 different market tiers. The series has gained over 12 million views and was covered in PC Gamer . In 2021, Linus Tech Tips released a three-part series showing the process of making an 18-carat gold Xbox Series X controller . The first video showed

2184-418: Is not being used, the footer is preceded by the trailer keyword followed by a dictionary containing information that would otherwise be contained in the cross-reference stream object's dictionary: Within each page, there are one or multiple content streams that describe the text, vector and images being drawn on the page. The content stream is stack-based , similar to PostScript. There are two layouts to

2262-544: Is not required in situations where a PDF file is intended only for print. Since the feature is optional, and since the rules for tagged PDF were relatively vague in ISO 32000-1, support for tagged PDF among consuming devices, including assistive technology (AT), is uneven as of 2021. ISO 32000-2, however, includes an improved discussion of tagged PDF which is anticipated to facilitate further adoption. An ISO-standardized subset of PDF specifically targeted at accessibility, PDF/UA ,

2340-571: Is often found in former Eastern Bloc countries to differentiate from former state-owned enterprises , but it may be used anywhere in contrast to a state-owned or a collectively owned company. In the United States , a privately held company refers to a business entity owned by private stakeholders, investors, or company founders, and its shares are not available for public purchase on stock exchanges. That contrasts with public companies, whose shares are publicly traded, which allows investing by

2418-434: Is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7 . The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. A COS tree file consists primarily of objects , of which there are nine types: Comments using 8-bit characters prefixed with

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2496-502: Is referred to as privatization . A privately owned enterprise is one form that private property may take. In the United Kingdom, a close or closely held company is defined as a company which is controlled by either five or fewer shareholders or is controlled by shareholders who are also directors. PDF This is an accepted version of this page Portable Document Format ( PDF ), standardized as ISO 32000 ,

2574-402: Is represented by text elements in page content streams. A text element specifies that characters should be drawn at certain positions. The characters are specified using the encoding of a selected font resource . A font object in PDF is a description of a digital typeface . It may either describe the characteristics of a typeface, or it may include an embedded font file . The latter case

2652-439: Is used as the basis for generating PostScript-like PDF code (see, e.g., Adobe Distiller ). This is done by applying standard compiler techniques like loop unrolling , inlining and removing unused branches, resulting in code that is purely declarative and static. The end result is then packaged into a container format , together with all necessary dependencies for correct rendering (external files, graphics, or fonts to which

2730-447: Is very similar to that of PostScript, except for the use of transparency, which was added in PDF 1.4. PDF graphics use a device-independent Cartesian coordinate system to describe the surface of a page. A PDF page description can use a matrix to scale , rotate , or skew graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the graphics state , which is a collection of graphical parameters that may be changed, saved, and restored by

2808-728: The Corporations Act 2001 requires publicly traded companies to file certain documents relating to their annual general meeting with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). There is a similar requirement for large proprietary companies, which are required to lodge Form 388H to the ASIC containing their financial report. In the United States, private companies are held to different accounting auditing standards than public companies, overseen by

2886-478: The Corporations Act 2001 limits a privately held company to 50 non-employee shareholders. A privately owned enterprise is a commercial enterprise owned by private investors, shareholders or owners (usually collectively , but they can be owned by a single individual ), and is in contrast to state institutions, such as publicly owned enterprises and government agencies . Private enterprises comprise

2964-477: The GeForce RTX 3090 Ti . Sondergard advised that they re-test the block using a 3090 Ti; however, Sebastian decided to publish the video of testing with the 4090, justifying this by saying that re-testing would not change the outcome of the video. Sebastian concluded that the dual design had no advantages and criticized the building experience, saying that consumers should not buy the product. The review led to

3042-410: The Linus Tech Tips channel uploaded a two part video where they were able to game at 16K resolution (15360 by 8640 pixels) using 16 4K monitors in a 4 by 4 configuration. In April 2018, the Linus Tech Tips channel uploaded a video claiming that Apple refused to repair Sebastian's iMac Pro after Linus Tech Tips staff damaged it in a product teardown, a refusal that VentureBeat speculated

3120-538: The Windows and Macintosh operating systems, fonts using these encodings work equally well on any platform.) PDF can specify a predefined encoding to use, the font's built-in encoding or provide a lookup table of differences to a predefined or built-in encoding (not recommended with TrueType fonts). The encoding mechanisms in PDF were designed for Type 1 fonts, and the rules for applying them to TrueType fonts are complex. For large fonts or fonts with non-standard glyphs,

3198-599: The private company limited by shares in the United Kingdom (abbreviated Ltd ) or unlimited company and the proprietary limited company (abbreviated Pty Ltd ) or unlimited proprietary company (abbreviated Pty ) in South Africa and Australia . In India , private companies are registered by the Registrar of Companies , which is under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs . Indian private companies must contain

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3276-408: The private sector of an economy. An economic system that 1) contains a large private sector where privately run businesses are the backbone of the economy, and 2) a business surplus is controlled by the owners, is referred to as capitalism . This contrasts with socialism , where the industry is owned by the state or by all of the community in common. The act of taking assets into the private sector

3354-419: The standard 14 fonts , have a special significance in PDF documents: These fonts are sometimes called the base fourteen fonts . These fonts, or suitable substitute fonts with the same metrics, should be available in most PDF readers, but they are not guaranteed to be available in the reader, and may only display correctly if the system has them installed. Fonts may be substituted if they are not embedded in

3432-574: The "top 1% of Google's preferred advertising channels" on YouTube for the technology category. Currently, LMG is headquartered in Surrey , British Columbia, Canada. As of May 2023, it has over 100 full-time employees. The company has several subsidiaries: In 2022, Sebastian announced the creation of LTT Labs, a division dedicated to testing the validity of manufacturer claims. On May 18, 2023, Sebastian announced that he would be stepping down as Chief Executive Officer and would be transitioning into

3510-403: The NCIX brand. He described TigerDirect and Newegg as competitors. Linus Tech Tips was created on November 24, 2008. He eventually left NCIX following a dispute regarding company management, negotiating an agreement in which he could keep the channel as long as he signed a non-compete clause . Within two years of its establishment, in 2014, Tubefilter named Linus Tech Tips as being within

3588-429: The PDF files: non-linearized (not "optimized") and linearized ("optimized"). Non-linearized PDF files can be smaller than their linear counterparts, though they are slower to access because portions of the data required to assemble pages of the document are scattered throughout the PDF file. Linearized PDF files (also called "optimized" or "web optimized" PDF files) are constructed in a manner that enables them to be read in

3666-686: The Private Company Counsel division of the Financial Accounting Standards Board . Researching private companies and private companies' financials in the United States can involve contacting the secretary of state for the U.S. state of incorporation (or for LLC or partnership, state of formation), or using specialized private company databases such as Dun & Bradstreet . Other companies, like Sageworks , provide aggregated data on privately held companies, segmented by industry code. By contrast, in

3744-502: The United Kingdom, all incorporated companies are registered centrally with Companies House . Privately held companies also sometimes have restrictions on how many shareholders they may have. For example, the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , section 12(g), limits a privately held company, generally, to fewer than 2000 shareholders, and the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 , requires registration of investment companies that have more than 100 holders. In Australia, section 113 of

3822-605: The United States but not generally in the United Kingdom , the term is also extended to partnerships , sole proprietorships or business trusts . Each of those categories may have additional requirements and restrictions that may impact reporting requirements, income tax liabilities, governmental obligations, employee relations, marketing opportunities, and other business obligations and decisions. In many countries, there are forms of organization that are restricted to and are commonly used by private companies, for example,

3900-508: The contents. PDF 2.0 defines 256-bit AES encryption as the standard for PDF 2.0 files. The PDF Reference also defines ways that third parties can define their own encryption systems for PDF. PDF files may be digitally signed, to provide secure authentication; complete details on implementing digital signatures in PDF are provided in ISO 32000-2. PDF files may also contain embedded DRM restrictions that provide further controls that limit copying, editing, or printing. These restrictions depend on

3978-474: The cost of the prototype. A video featuring Sebastian, CEO Terren Tong, and CFO Yvonne Ho was later published to the Linus Tech Tips channel on August 16, 2023 apologizing for the handling of the prototype water block along with their response to the situation. In the video, Linus Media Group also announced that video production would be paused for a week while changes were made at the company. The production pause actually lasted 9 days, confirmed by Sebastian in

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4056-411: The document refers), and compressed . Modern applications write to printer drivers that directly generate PDF rather than going through PostScript first. As a document format, PDF has several advantages over PostScript: Its disadvantages are: PDF since v1.6 supports embedding of interactive 3D documents: 3D drawings can be embedded using U3D or PRC and various other data formats. A PDF file

4134-411: The document root. This dictionary contains an array of Optional Content Groups (OCGs), each describing a set of information and each of which may be individually displayed or suppressed, plus a set of Optional Content Configuration Dictionaries, which give the status (Displayed or Suppressed) of the given OCGs. A PDF file may be encrypted , for security, in which case a password is needed to view or edit

4212-538: The early years PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows, and competed with several other formats, including DjVu , Envoy , Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format. PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe until it was released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of

4290-561: The eyes of GamersNexus were corrected in an insufficient manner, or not at all. Sebastian made a written response to GamersNexus, saying that the company had experienced "growing pains" and would strive to increase the quality of their work in the future, but he defended not retesting the prototype with the proper graphics card as he saw that it would not improve the results and called the product an "egregious waste of money." Burke criticized this response as "unhinged" and "unapologetic." Linus Media Group later agreed to compensate Billet Labs for

4368-406: The full implementation of the ISO 32000-1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized, and their specification is published only on Adobe's website. Many of them are not supported by popular third-party implementations of PDF. ISO published version 2.0 of PDF, ISO 32000-2 in 2017, available for purchase, replacing the free specification provided by Adobe. In December 2020,

4446-558: The general public. In countries with public trading markets, a privately held business is generally taken to mean one whose ownership shares or interests are not publicly traded. Often, privately held companies are owned by the company founders or their families and heirs or by a small group of investors. Sometimes, employees also hold shares in private companies. Most small businesses are privately held. Subsidiaries and joint ventures of publicly traded companies (for example, General Motors ' Saturn Corporation ), unless shares in

4524-402: The graphics state, including patterns . PDF supports several types of patterns. The simplest is the tiling pattern in which a piece of artwork is specified to be drawn repeatedly. This may be a colored tiling pattern , with the colors specified in the pattern object, or an uncolored tiling pattern , which defers color specification to the time the pattern is drawn. Beginning with PDF 1.3 there

4602-494: The imaging model. A tagged PDF (see clause 14.8 in ISO 32000) includes document structure and semantics information to enable reliable text extraction and accessibility . Technically speaking, tagged PDF is a stylized use of the format that builds on the logical structure framework introduced in PDF 1.3. Tagged PDF defines a set of standard structure types and attributes that allow page content (text, graphics, and images) to be extracted and reused for other purposes. Tagged PDF

4680-489: The immediate erosion of customer and stakeholder confidence in the event of financial duress. Further, with limited reporting requirements and shareholder expectations, private firms are afforded a greater operational flexibility by being able to focus on long-term growth rather than quarterly earnings. In addition, private company executives may steer their ships without shareholder approval, which allows them to take significant action without delays. In Australia, Part 2E of

4758-658: The internal review of the allegations, the company would be hiring an outside investigator and publish its findings. The company published the outside investigator's findings in a statement in May 2024, stating the third-party investigator found the allegations of sexual harassment, bullying, abuse of power and retaliation were not substantiated. Allegations of process errors and miscommunication while onboarding Reeve were partially substantiated. Privately held company Private companies are often less well-known than their publicly traded counterparts but still have major importance in

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4836-415: The jokes be removed, Sebastian responded through the Linus Tech Tips account, saying that "We won't be able to make everyone perfectly happy, so what we're going to do is be ourselves—the best version of ourselves—and move past this", and asked "Is a little humor a bad thing...? Honest question". On August 16, 2023, former Linus Media Group employee Madison Reeve, who was previously hired after appearing in

4914-440: The objects in the file, and also allows for small changes to be made without rewriting the entire file ( incremental update ). Before PDF version 1.5, the table would always be in a special ASCII format, be marked with the xref keyword, and follow the main body composed of indirect objects. Version 1.5 introduced optional cross-reference streams , which have the form of a standard stream object, possibly with filters applied. Such

4992-552: The percent sign ( % ) may be inserted. Objects may be either direct (embedded in another object) or indirect . Indirect objects are numbered with an object number and a generation number and defined between the obj and endobj keywords if residing in the document root. Beginning with PDF version 1.5, indirect objects (except other streams) may also be located in special streams known as object streams (marked /Type /ObjStm ). This technique enables non-stream objects to have standard stream filters applied to them, reduces

5070-422: The prototyping, the second the making of the gold shells, and the third the reactions of employees at their headquarters. On June 24, 2023, Linus Tech Tips uploaded a video demonstrating a prototype dual water block from Billet Labs. The video involved Linus and fellow LMG employee Adam Sondergard testing the block with a GeForce RTX 4090 graphics card , even though the unit had been specifically designed for

5148-502: The second edition of PDF 2.0, ISO 32000-2:2020, was published, with clarifications, corrections, and critical updates to normative references (ISO 32000-2 does not include any proprietary technologies as normative references). In April 2023 the PDF Association made ISO 32000-2 available for download free of charge. A PDF file is often a combination of vector graphics , text, and bitmap graphics . The basic types of content in

5226-423: The size of files that have large numbers of small indirect objects and is especially useful for Tagged PDF . Object streams do not support specifying an object's generation number (other than 0). An index table, also called the cross-reference table, is located near the end of the file and gives the byte offset of each indirect object from the start of the file. This design allows for efficient random access to

5304-432: The special encodings Identity-H (for horizontal writing) and Identity-V (for vertical) are used. With such fonts, it is necessary to provide a ToUnicode table if semantic information about the characters is to be preserved. A text document which is scanned to PDF without the text being recognised by optical character recognition (OCR) is an image, with no fonts or text properties. The original imaging model of PDF

5382-577: The specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF-compliant implementations. PDF 1.7, the sixth edition of the PDF specification that became ISO 32000-1, includes some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture (XFA) and JavaScript extension for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as normative and indispensable for

5460-637: The subsidiary itself are traded directly, have characteristics of both privately held companies and publicly traded companies. Such companies are usually subject to the same reporting requirements as privately held companies, but their assets, liabilities, and activities are also including the reports of their parent companies , as are required by the accountancy and securities industry rules relating to groups of companies. Private companies may be called corporations , limited companies , limited liability companies , unlimited companies , or other names, depending on where and how they are organized and structured. In

5538-448: The time. When the PDF 1.4 specification was published, the formulas for calculating blend modes were kept secret by Adobe. They have since been published. The concept of a transparency group in PDF specification is independent of existing notions of "group" or "layer" in applications such as Adobe Illustrator. Those groupings reflect logical relationships among objects that are meaningful when editing those objects, but they are not part of

5616-579: The word Private Limited at the end of their names. Privately held companies generally have fewer or less comprehensive reporting requirements and obligations for transparency , via annual reports, etc. than publicly traded companies do. For example, in the United States, privately held companies are not generally required to publish their financial statements . By not being required to disclose details about their operations and financial outlook, private companies are not forced to disclose information that may potentially be valuable to competitors and so can avoid

5694-544: The world's economy . For example, in 2008, the 441 largest private companies in the United States accounted for $ 1.8 trillion in revenues and employed 6.2 million people, according to Forbes . Separately, all non-government-owned companies are considered private enterprises . That meaning includes both publicly traded and privately held companies since their investors are individuals. Private ownership of productive assets differs from state ownership or collective ownership (as in worker-owned companies). This usage

5772-481: Was opaque, similar to PostScript, where each object drawn on the page completely replaced anything previously marked in the same location. In PDF 1.4 the imaging model was extended to allow transparency. When transparency is used, new objects interact with previously marked objects to produce blending effects. The addition of transparency to PDF was done by means of new extensions that were designed to be ignored in products written to PDF 1.3 and earlier specifications. As

5850-405: Was an "internal paranoia" about employees leaving the company and setting up their own content creation platforms. In an email to The Verge , Linus Sebastian said that Reeve's allegations "aren't consistent with [his] recollections", but said that Linus Media Group's human resources department would be conducting an internal review. In an additional comment, CEO Terren Tong said that along with

5928-514: Was first published in 2012. With the introduction of PDF version 1.5 (2003) came the concept of Layers. Layers, more formally known as Optional Content Groups (OCGs), refer to sections of content in a PDF document that can be selectively viewed or hidden by document authors or viewers. This capability is useful in CAD drawings, layered artwork, maps, multi-language documents, etc. Basically, it consists of an Optional Content Properties Dictionary added to

6006-412: Was going on hiatus for an indeterminate amount of time. On March 23, 2023, Linus Tech Tips , TechLinked , and Techquickie were hacked and subsequently terminated due to a security breach. The hackers changed the channel names, changing the main channel name to Tesla and started broadcasting two identical live streams which appeared to show deepfakes of Elon Musk , Jack Dorsey , and others having

6084-691: Was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video content), three-dimensional objects using U3D or PRC , and various other data formats . The PDF specification also provides for encryption and digital signatures , file attachments, and metadata to enable workflows requiring these features. The development of PDF began in 1991 when John Warnock wrote

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