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71-533: 34°25′55″S 58°32′28″W  /  34.43194°S 58.54111°W  / -34.43194; -58.54111 This article about a place in Buenos Aires Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires , officially

142-538: A brief time later, as together with chieftain Manuel Namuncurá and 3,500 warriors, he attacked Tres Arroyos , Tandil , Azul , and other towns and farms. The casualties were greater than in 1872: Catriel and Namuncurá's forces killed 400 settlers, captured another 300, and drove off 300,000 head of cattle. Alsina attacked the Indians, forcing them to retreat, and leaving fortines on his way south to protect

213-628: A catalyst for the government to mount the Conquest of the Desert. The Natives drove the stolen cattle from the raids ( malones ) to Chile through the Rastrillada de los chilenos and traded them for goods. Historian George V. Rauch notes evidence that Chilean authorities knew about the origin of the cattle and consented to the trading in order to strengthen their influence over Patagonian territories. They expected eventually to occupy those lands in

284-624: A cost of some 100 warriors. Literary scholar Jens Andermann has noted that contemporary sources on the campaign conclude that the Conquest was intended by the Argentine government to exterminate the indigenous tribes , and can be classified as genocide . First-hand accounts state that Argentine troops killed prisoners and committed "mass executions". The 15,000 Natives taken captive "became servants or prisoners and were prevented from having children." The Argentine Republic in Patagonia "for

355-696: A perfect relief for the inhabitants of the hotter interior. Fall is often rainy, and winters can be windy and chilly: temperatures average from 10 to 15 °C (50 to 59 °F), and nights from 1 to 5 °C (34 to 41 °F). There can be long periods of drizzly weather and constant temperatures of about 7 °C (45 °F). Frost is common but temperatures will rarely fall below −5 °C (23 °F), and snowfalls sometimes, but accumulations are only to be expected every few years. Precipitation ranges from 700 to 950 mm (28 to 37 in). The Sierras de la Ventana (up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft)) experience cooler weather, especially at night. The geography of

426-549: A portion of the remaining indigenous people. Settlers of European descent moved in and developed the lands through irrigation for agriculture, converting the territory into an extremely productive area that contributed to the status of Argentina as a great exporter of agricultural products during the early 20th century. The conquest was paralleled by a similar campaign in Chile termed the Occupation of Araucanía . The Conquest

497-554: A third of all Argentine exports. The province's services sector is well-diversified and differs little from national trends. The largest local bank is the public Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires . The institution, the second largest in Argentina, holds nearly a tenth of the nation's bank deposits. Conquest of the Desert Mapuche tribes The Conquest of the Desert ( Spanish : Conquista del desierto )

568-469: A while, but accumulations are usually small. Total precipitation ranges from 500 to 750 mm (20 to 30 in), with slightly rainier springs and falls. The Atlantic region sees very moderate weather: the ocean is cold (17 to 20 °C (63 to 68 °F) in the summer) and sea breezes often bring chilly weather until midsummer. The hottest months average 25 to 27 °C (77 to 81 °F) with nights between 12 and 16 °C (54 and 61 °F), providing

639-655: Is about 11% of Argentina's total area and makes it the country's largest province. The inhabitants of the province before the 16th-century advent of Spanish colonization were aboriginal peoples such as the Charrúas and the Querandíes . Their culture was lost over the next 350 years. They were subjected to Eurasian plagues from which few survived. The survivors joined other tribes or have been mostly absorbed by Argentina's European immigration. Pedro de Mendoza founded Santa María del Buen Ayre in 1536. Even though

710-511: Is controversial: apologists describe it as a civilising mission and as a defense against attacks by the natives, while revisionists label it a genocide . The arrival of the Spanish colonists on the shores of the Río de la Plata and the foundation of the city of Buenos Aires during the 16th century resulted in the first confrontations between the Spanish and the local Indian tribes, mainly

781-487: Is diversified, and though cattle historically provided the main animal husbandry activity, Buenos Aires is also the top producer of sheep , pork , and chicken meat of the country. Equally important is the dairy industry. Crop harvests are the most diverse in the nation and have grown to record levels in recent decades. The most important crops include soybean , maize , wheat , sunflower and other oilseeds , like flax . More recently, premium wines have been produced in

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852-1133: Is extremely benign for human activities: it is temperate, with four marked seasons and reliable rainfall on most regions. The province can be divided into four main climatic regions: the southwestern, drier region; the cool Atlantic region; the northern and eastern humid region, and the Delta region, with the warmest, wettest climate. The northern region has warm, humid summers, with days between 28 and 32 °C (82 and 90 °F) and nights between 16 and 20 °C (61 and 68 °F), pleasant falls, cool, drier winters with highs between 13 and 18 °C (55 and 64 °F) and nights between 2 and 5 °C (36 and 41 °F), and windy, variable springs. Heat waves may bring days with temperatures over 38 °C (100 °F), but these do not usually last very long, as cold fronts bring thunderstorms and cooler days, with night temperatures often falling down to 12 °C (54 °F). Winter cold waves may bring days with highs about 8 °C (46 °F), and lows below −4 °C (25 °F), with extremes down to −8 °C (18 °F). Snow

923-454: Is slightly bigger than Italy . The landscape is mainly flat, with two low mountain ranges: Sierra de la Ventana (near Bahía Blanca ) and Sierra de Tandil ( Tandil ). The highest point is Cerro Tres Picos (1,239 m (4,065 ft) amsl ; 38°8′S 61°58′W  /  38.133°S 61.967°W  / -38.133; -61.967 ) and the longest river is Río Salado (700 km (435 mi) long). As part of The Pampas ,

994-441: Is still to be expected, but temperatures will almost never fall below −4 °C (25 °F), and snow has fallen only twice in the last century. Precipitation ranges from 1,000 to 1,300 mm (39 to 51 in) and falls throughout the year. The city of Buenos Aires is surrounded by a climate similar to the northern part of the province, but the city itself resembles more the Delta climate, with less frost. The southwestern region

1065-762: Is the driest region, and it experiences a more marked differences in temperatures. Summers are often hot, between 30 and 35 °C (86 and 95 °F), but nights are usually comfortable (14 to 18 °C (57 to 64 °F)). Thunderstorms are less frequent but can be very violent in nature. Frost can make an appearance as early as March, but usually first comes in April. Winters are cool and dry, with days between 10 and 16 °C (50 and 61 °F) and nights between −1 and 4 °C (30 and 39 °F). Frost occurs on an almost daily basis, with temperatures below −6 °C (21 °F) not uncommon, and down to −12 °C (10 °F) recorded in some areas. Snowfall may occur every once in

1136-431: Is the nation's chief exporter, generating nearly $ 107 billion in exports in 2016 (37% of the nation's total). Agriculture in the province is renowned around the world for its productivity. The province is Argentina's chief agricultural producer , and accounted for at least $ 8 billion in export earnings in 2014. This sector adds about 5% to the province's highly diversified economy, however. The province's ranching sector

1207-411: Is uncommon, but there have been accumulations on several occasions in the past. Precipitation ranges from 750 to 1,100 mm (30 to 43 in) per year. The Delta region is slightly warmer, especially at night, due to the presence of water and the northerly location. Summer nights tend to be stickier, and winters can be damp and foggy, with most nights between 4 and 8 °C (39 and 46 °F). Frost

1278-673: The 1978 FIFA World Cup and the 1995 Pan American Games , and annually holds the National Evita Games and the final stage of the Bonaerense Games, the last being the most important provincial sports event for young, the elderly and people with disabilities. The province is represented in the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR) by four unions: the Rugby Union of Buenos Aires (URBA), includes teams of

1349-749: The Argentina Wine Route . In Buenos Aires Province, as throughout Argentina, football is the predominant sport. The province has numerous professional football teams, with most of them concentrated in the Greater Buenos Aires area. Rivals Club Atlético Independiente and Racing Club de Avellaneda are the most successful, famous and followed beyond the province borders. Other notable teams in Greater Buenos Aires include Arsenal , Quilmes , Banfield , Lanús , Chacarita Juniors , Tigre and Defensa y Justicia . In

1420-402: The Buenos Aires Province , is the largest and most populous Argentine province . It takes its name from the city of Buenos Aires , the capital of the country, which used to be part of the province and the province's capital until it was federalized in 1880. Since then, in spite of bearing the same name, the province does not include Buenos Aires city, though it does include all other parts of

1491-525: The Buenos Aires wine region in the south of the province. Manufacturing accounts for a fourth of the province's output and is about 40% of the entire nation's. The industry of the province is diverse: chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgic, motor vehicles, machinery, textiles and the food industry are the most notable. Excluding processed agricultural items, the province was responsible for over US$ 70 billion of industrial exports in 2016 and accounted for

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1562-642: The Cuyo region coordinated offensives to try to exterminate the resistant indigenous tribes, but only Rosas's expedition achieved some success. By this time Chile had founded Punta Arenas in Magellan Strait in 1845, which threatened the Argentine claims in Patagonia. Later in 1861, Chile began the occupation of Araucanía , which alarmed Argentine authorities because of its rival's growing influence in

1633-517: The Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The capital of the province is the city of La Plata , founded in 1882. It is bordered by the provinces of Entre Ríos to the northeast, Santa Fe to the north, Córdoba to the northwest, La Pampa to the west, Río Negro to the south and west and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires to the northeast. Uruguay is just across the Rio de la Plata to

1704-496: The Greater Buenos Aires region, which today includes around 10 million people ( 2 ⁄ 3 of the provincial population). It did not address worsening pollution resulting from the area's industrial growth, which had made itself evident since around 1920. This problem has been at its worst along the Reconquista River west and north of the city of Buenos Aires; over 4 million people (one in 10 Argentines) today live on

1775-694: The Querandí (also known as the Pampas). Spaniards had purchased the Buenos Aires hinterland from the local Indians to be used for cattle raising. This use displaced most of the animals hunted traditionally by the natives and they struggled to survive. The Indians fought those in the towns, raiding many cattle and horses that altered Native homelands. In retaliation, the Spanish colonists built forts and performed attacks. As more settlers developed properties,

1846-512: The Radical Civic Union , was elected governor in 1983, when Raúl Alfonsín became president. Alfonsín lost the 1987 midterm elections , leading to the victory of Antonio Cafiero . From then to 2015, all governors have been Peronists. The high population of the province makes it highly influential in Argentine politics. With both ruling for two terms, the rivalry of the president Carlos Menem and governor Eduardo Duhalde dominated

1917-653: The Salado River became the limit between both civilizations, despite frequent malones (aboriginal attacks on border settlements). The end to this situation came in 1879 with the Conquest of the Desert ( Conquista del Desierto ) in which the aboriginals were almost completely exterminated. After the independence from Spain in 1816, the city and province of Buenos Aires became the focus of an intermittent Argentine Civil War with other provinces. A Federal Pact secured by Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1831 led to

1988-619: The State of Buenos Aires . Concessions gained in 1859 Pact of San José de Flores and a victory at the Battle of Pavón led to its reincorporation into the Argentine Republic on 17 December 1861. Intermittent conflicts with the nation did not truly cease until 1880, when the city of Buenos Aires was formally federalized and, thus, administratively separated from the province. La Plata was founded in 1882 by Governor Dardo Rocha for

2059-581: The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata at the end of the 18th century, the export of meat, leather and their derivatives through the port of Buenos Aires was the basis of the economic development of the region. Jesuits unsuccessfully tried to peacefully assimilate the aboriginals into the European culture brought by the Spanish conquistadores. A certain balance was found at the end of the 18th century when

2130-521: The frontier dividing the colonial farms and the Indian territories gradually moved outwards from Buenos Aires. At the end of the 18th century, the Salado River was the boundary between the civilizations. Due to land loss and environmental devastation caused by cattle, many Indians were forced to abandon their tribes to work on the farms. Some assimilated or intermarried with the caucasian population. The mixed race gauchos developed from those who worked on

2201-806: The legislative (represented by the Legislature , which is split into the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate ); and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Buenos Aires Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police , but the province is policed by its own Buenos Aires Provincial Police . Buenos Aires Province, at 307,571 square kilometres (118,754 sq mi),

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2272-595: The 1880s the Argentine advances effectively disrupted Chileans and German Chilean trade with indigenous communities east of the Andes. This meant the leather merchants in Southern Chile had to cross the Andes and establish livestock operations. As a result, a number of Chilean-owned companies were established in Argentina. They imported workers from Chile, mostly people from the Chiloé Archipelago . It

2343-474: The Argentine politics during the nineties. A similar case took place with the president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and governor Daniel Scioli . María Eugenia Vidal , from Republican Proposal , won the 2015 elections, and became the first female governor of the province. In February 2021, researchers led by paleontologist Nicolás Chimento of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales announced

2414-537: The Argentine soldiers skillfully outfought their attackers, including a bayonet charge mounted by the Chilean detachment. On 21 February 1883, according to Argentine Army Major Manuel Prado, 150-200 Indians armed with Winchesters and Martini–Henry rifles attacked an Argentine Army detachment operating on the Argentine-Chilean border. In a four-hour engagement, 22 Argentine soldiers were killed or wounded at

2485-923: The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA), the Rugby Union of Mar del Plata, the Western Rugby Union of the Province of Buenos Aires (UROBA) and the Southern Rugby Union. Some of the most prominent clubs are CASI and SIC of San Isidro. Among others, some of the most important basketball teams in the province are: Peñarol de Mar del Plata , Quilmes de Mar del Plata , Bahía Basket , Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca , Olimpo de Bahía Blanca , Argentino de Junín , Club Ciclista Juninense , and Estudiantes de Olavarría , Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata , Club Atlético Platense and Lanús. There are numerous racetracks, including La Plata, Nueve de Julio, Olavarría, Mar de Ajó, Junín, Balcarce, San Nicolás de los Arroyos and Bahía Blanca. The San Isidro Racecourse

2556-494: The Indians were violent parasites who attacked farms and kidnapped women" and Beatriz Horn, a history teacher in La Pampa Province , was dismissed for "telling a radio station that Roca deserved praise for putting Indians to flight and opening Argentina's frontier to European settlers". Argentine news sources, however, report Juan José Cresto lost his job for being abusive and violent towards employees and Beatriz Horn

2627-463: The Lihué Calel heights. In a brief but intense battle, 50 Indians were killed, 270 captured, and 33 settlers were freed. Numerous armed encounters would follow, until by December 1878, more than 4,000 Indians had been captured and 400 killed, 150 settlers freed, and 15,000 head of cattle recovered. With 6,000 soldiers armed with new breech-loading Remington rifles , in 1879 General Roca began

2698-657: The Natives stole many horses and cattle, killed settlers defending their livestock, and captured women and children to become slaves and/or forced brides of Indian warriors. The Guardian alleged in 2011 that two education officials lost their jobs due to the controversy concerning the Conquest of the Desert: It reported that Juan José Cresto was forced to resign as a director of the Argentine National Historical Museum because he "said

2769-588: The Pulmarí Valley set by Chilean soldiers. In the engagement that followed, Argentine Captain Emilio Crouzeilles, along with Lieutenant Nicolas Lazcano and several privates, were killed. On 17 February 1883, Lieutenant-Colonel Juan Díaz, commanding a 16-man Argentine infantry detachment, was trailing a war party of 100 to 150 Indians. Upon reaching Pulmarí Valley, they were surrounded by the Indians and about 50 Chilean soldiers. Much outnumbered,

2840-462: The Reconquista's basin. Of these, about a million still live with seriously compromised water quality, despite the province's (sometimes counterproductive) efforts to remedy the issue. In April 2013 , the northeastern section of Buenos Aires Province, particularly its capital, La Plata, experienced several flash floods that claimed the lives of at least 89 people. Alejandro Armendáriz , of

2911-519: The animals slowed their march. They had to confront the patrolling units that followed them. As the war continued, some Indians eventually signed peace treaties and settled among the "Christians" behind the lines of forts. Some tribes allied with the Argentine government, being neutral or, less often, fighting for the Argentine Army . In return, they were granted periodical shipments of cattle and food. After Alsina died in 1877, Julio Argentino Roca

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2982-488: The area these new suburbs were developed on (particularly the poorer ones) consisted of wetlands and were prone to flooding. To address this, Governor Oscar Alende initiated the province's most important flood-control project to date, the Roggero Reservoir. Completed a decade later, in 1971, the reservoir and associated electric and water-treatment facilities encouraged still more, and more orderly, development of

3053-523: The capital of the province, Estudiantes and Gimnasia y Esgrima stand out. Other clubs in the rest of the province include Olimpo and Villa Mitre ( Bahía Blanca ), Huracán de Tres Arroyos ( Tres Arroyos ), Aldosivi and Alvarado ( Mar del Plata ), Sarmiento ( Junín ), Douglas Haig ( Pergamino ), Agropecuario ( Carlos Casares ), Santamarina ( Tandil ), Racing de Olavarría ( Olavarría ), Flandria , Club Luján and Villa Dálmine ( Campana ). The city of Mar del Plata hosted six matches of

3124-647: The coastline, which starts some 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Buenos Aires after the Samborombón Bay . Among them, the biggest and most important is Mar del Plata , followed by the La Costa Partido , Pinamar , Villa Gesell , Miramar , and Necochea . The most important summer-related event, the National Sea Festival , is held annually in the city of Mar del Plata. The city's Central Casino and Grand Provincial Hotel are among

3195-520: The colonisation of the bottom of the country, a raid was made against these poor harmless children of nature, and many tribes were wiped out of existence. The Argentines let loose the dogs of war against them; many were killed and the rest – men, women and children – were deported by sea". Apologists perceive the campaign as intending to conquer specifically those Indigenous groups who refused to submit to Argentine law and frequently performed brutal attacks on frontier civilian settlements. In these attacks,

3266-585: The conquered territories. He also constructed the 374 km long trench named the zanja de Alsina ("trench of Alsina"). It was supposed to be a fortified border to the unconquered territories. Three metres wide and two metres deep, it served as an obstacle to cattle drives by the Indians. The Indians continued taking cattle from farms in the Buenos Aires Province and south of the Mendoza Province , but found it difficult to escape as

3337-405: The discovery of a well-preserved fossilized skull of the giant ground sloth Megatherium near San Eduardo del Mar, Province of Buenos Aires. According to paleontologists , the fossil belonged to a juvenile and dated back approximately 3.58 million years. The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor , who appoints the cabinet;

3408-528: The establishment of the Argentine Confederation and to his gaining the sum of public power , which provided a tenuous unity. Ongoing disputes regarding the influence of Buenos Aires, between Federalists and Unitarians , and over the Port of Buenos Aires (the prime source of public revenue at the time) fueled periodic hostilities. The province was declared independent on 11 September 1852, as

3479-411: The first contact with the aboriginals was peaceful, it soon became hostile. The city was evacuated in 1541. Juan de Garay re-founded the settlement in 1580 as Santísima Trinidad y Puerto Santa María de Los Buenos Aires . Amidst ongoing conflict with the aboriginals, the cattle farms extended from Buenos Aires , whose port was always the center of the economy of the territory. Following the creation of

3550-493: The future. In 1875, Adolfo Alsina , Minister of War for President Nicolás Avellaneda , presented the government with a plan which he later described as having the goal "to populate the desert, and not to destroy the Indians." The first phase was to connect Buenos Aires and the fortines (fortresses) with telegraph lines. The government signed a peace treaty with chieftain Juan José Catriel. But he violated it

3621-627: The name of law, progress and our own security, the richest and most fertile lands of the Republic. At the end of 1878 he started the first sweep to "clean" the area between the Alsina trench and the Rio Negro by continuous and systematic attacks on the Indian settlements. On 6 December 1878, elements of the Puán Division commanded by Colonel Teodoro García clashed with a native war party at

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3692-646: The nation's largest. Other destinations include the Ventana Sierras , Tandil , Tigre , the Paraná Delta , Isla Martín García , Olavarria , the Chascomús and Gómez lagoons, Campos del Tuyú National Park , and La Plata . Agritourism in estancias (plantations) has become increasingly popular for foreigners visiting the province in recent years. The province's wine district , centered on Médanos , has also become prominent for visitors touring

3763-465: The national population), of which 12 million lived in Greater Buenos Aires and 3 million in the rest of the province. Around 33.8% of the inhabitants weren't born in the province, of whom 3,918,552 are migrants from other provinces and 758,640 were born abroad. Most of its inhabitants are descendants from colonial-era settlers and immigrants from Europe who arrived within the 19th and 20th centuries, mostly Italians and Spaniards. A number of suburbs in

3834-422: The newer partidos were created in the Greater Buenos Aires . There are 135 partidos, the last established by law is Lezama (2009). Buenos Aires Province is the most populated province of the country. The INDEC estimates that the population of Buenos Aires Province was 17,541,141 on 1 July 2020, a 12.26% increase since the 2010 national census. According to that census, there were 15 million inhabitants (38% of

3905-525: The northeast, and both are on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Almost the entire province is part of the Pampas geographical region, with the extreme south often considered part of the Patagonia region. The province has a population of about 17.5 million people, which is 38% of Argentina's total population. The province covers an area of 307,571 km (118,754 sq mi), which

3976-410: The panoply of levees, power plants, water works, paved roads, municipal buildings, and (particularly during Perón's 1946-55 tenure) schools, clinics and massive regional hospitals. The province's population, after 1930, began to grow disproportionately quickly in the suburban areas of Buenos Aires. These suburbs had grown to include 4 million out of the province's total 7 million people in 1960. Much of

4047-486: The province are also home to a large, predominantly mestizo population that began migrating from the country's northern provinces in the mid-20th century to take advantage of growing employment opportunities. These same communities are also home to considerable numbers of more recent migrants from Paraguay and Bolivia . Tourists, mainly from Buenos Aires, visit the Atlantic coast. There are many cities and towns along

4118-521: The province by 1914; many developed around the new railway stations. This era of accelerated development was cut short by the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , which caused a sharp drop in commodity prices (99% of Argentine exports were agricultural) and led to a halt in the flow of investment funds between nations. The new Concordance and Perón governments funded ambitious lending and public works programs, visible in Buenos Aires Province through

4189-482: The province is crossed by occasional west Pampero winds . The southern Sudestada produces storms and temperature drops, most notably the Santa Rosa storm, which takes place every year almost exactly on 30 August. Unlike the other provinces of the country, in the province of Buenos Aires, the territorial divisions are called partidos , instead of departments. These also constitute the municipal division of

4260-513: The province. The provincial Constitution does not recognize the municipal autonomy that was recognized for the whole country in the reform of the National Constitution of 1994. Each partido corresponds to a municipality and is governed by a mayor ( intendente ) elected by popular vote. The process of creating a partido is much more dynamic than in the other provinces, with a total of six more partidos in 2000 than in 1990. Most of

4331-468: The purpose of becoming the provincial capital. The equivalent of a billion (1880s) dollars of British investment and pro-development, education and immigration policies pursued at the national level subsequently spurred dramatic economic growth. Driven by European immigration and improved health, the province's population, like Argentina's, nearly doubled to one million by 1895 and doubled again by 1914. Rail lines connected nearly every town and hamlet in

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4402-487: The ranches. After Argentina achieved independence in 1816, the provinces had numerous political conflicts. Once these were settled, the government wanted to occupy quickly the lands claimed by the young republic (in part to prevent Chile from enforcing its claim to the same land). It also wanted to increase the national agricultural production and offer new lands to prospective immigrants. In 1833, Juan Manuel de Rosas in Buenos Aires Province and other military commanders in

4473-569: The second sweep, reaching Choele Choel in two months, after killing 1,313 Indians and capturing more than 15,000. From other points, southbound companies made their way down to the Rio Negro and the Neuquén River , a northern tributary of the Rio Negro. Together, both rivers marked a frontier from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean . This attack resulted in a large migration of Mapuche into

4544-627: The territory south of the Rio Negro as soon as possible, and ordered a campaign during 1881 commanded by Colonel Conrado Villegas . Within a year Villegas conquered the Neuquén Province (he reached the Limay River ). The campaign continued to push the Indian resistance further south, fighting the last battle on 18 October 1884. The last rebel group, with more than 3,000 warriors commanded by chieftains Inacayal and Foyel, surrendered two months later in present Chubut Province . During

4615-490: The weather of the province is strongly influenced by the ocean, with hot summers and temperate winters. Humidity is high and precipitation is abundant and distributed over the year. The Western and Southwestern regions are drier and are part of the Semi-arid Pampas ecoregion. The southernmost part of the province is often included in definitions of the Patagonia region. The climate of the province of Buenos Aires

4686-530: The zone around Curarrehue and Pucón , Chile. Many European-Argentinian settlements were built in the basin of these two rivers, as well as a number on the Rio Colorado . By sea, some settlements were erected on the southern basin of the Chubut River , mainly by Welsh colonists at y Wladfa . Roca was elected and succeeded Nicolás Avellaneda as president . He thought it was imperative to conquer

4757-463: The zone. Chile had defeated the Mapuche in their central region. This indigenous tribe had strong language and cultural ties to the nomadic tribes on the east side of the Andes , with whom they share the same language . In 1872, the indigenous commander Calfucurá and his 6,000 warriors attacked the cities of General Alvear , Veinticinco de Mayo and Nueve de Julio . They killed 300 settlers and drove off 200,000 head of cattle. These events were

4828-467: Was an Argentine military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca during the 1870s and 1880s with the intention of establishing dominance over Patagonia , inhabited primarily by indigenous peoples . The Conquest of the Desert extended Argentine territories into Patagonia and ended Chilean expansion in the region. Argentine troops killed more than 1,000 Mapuches , displaced more than 15,000 more from their traditional lands and enslaved

4899-410: Was appointed Minister of War, and decided to change the strategy. In contrast to Alsina, Julio Argentino Roca believed that the only solution against the Indian threat was to extinguish, subdue or expel them. Our self-respect as a virile people obliges us to put down as soon as possible, by reason or by force, this handful of savages who destroy our wealth and prevent us from definitely occupying, in

4970-443: Was in this context that German Chilean Carlos Weiderhold established the trading post and shop La Alemana in 1895, from which the city of Bariloche developed. To counteract the Argentine conquest of Patagonia, the Chileans supplied arms, ammunition and horses to their Indian allies the Mapuches. On 16 January 1883, a 10-man section of a platoon of the Argentine Army in pursuit of a large Indian war party, ran into an ambush in

5041-448: Was inaugurated in 1935 and hosts the Carlos Pellegrini Grand Prix. The Hipodromo de La Plata is the third largest in Argentina. The province's economy has long been the largest in Argentina, estimated in 2014 to have been US$ 407.6 billion (more than a third of the national total, which was around US$ 680.8 billion in 2016 according to Argentina's economical growing. It has a per capita income of $ 24,780 (around $ 27,300 in 2016). The province

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