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19-539: (Redirected from M-8 ) [REDACTED] Look up m8 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. M8 or M-8 or M.08 or variant , may refer to: Computing and electronics [ edit ] M8 (cipher) , an encryption algorithm Leica M8 , a digital rangefinder camera HTC One (M8) , a smartphone Meizu M8 , a smartphone Roads and places [ edit ] Messier 8 , also known as M8 or Lagoon Nebula,

38-787: A 1910s American fighter monoplane Miles M.8 Peregrine , a 1930s twin-engined light transport monoplane primarily used by the Royal Aircraft Establishment Land vehicles [ edit ] M8 armored gun system , a US Army light tank cancelled in 1996 M8 Greyhound , an American armored car used during World War II M8 tractor , an artillery tractor used by the US Army Howitzer motor carriage M8 , an American self-propelled howitzer vehicle developed during World War II Rockets [ edit ] M8 (rocket) , an American World War II air-to-surface and surface-to-surface rocket M-8 rocket,

57-707: A New York City Bus route in Manhattan BMW M8 , a sports car from BMW 8 Series Mercedes-Benz M08 engine , a straight-8 engine Haima M8 , a sedan Rail transport [ edit ] Paris Métro Line 8 , a rapid transit rail line in Paris M8 (Istanbul Metro) , a rapid transit rail line in Istanbul, Turkey M8 (railcar) , a Metro-North Railroad car Military [ edit ] M8 flamethrower M8 Grenade Launcher, see M7 grenade launcher Aircraft [ edit ] Loening M-8 ,

76-460: A giant interstellar cloud William L. Whitehurst Field (FAA airport code M08 ), Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tennessee, USA Rail stations [ edit ] Meijō Kōen Station (station code M08 ), Kita, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Senri-Chūō Station (station code M08 ), Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Tatsue Station (station code M08 ), Komatsushima, Tokushima, Japan Roads [ edit ] M-8 (Michigan highway) , also known as

95-539: A set of N 96-bit algorithm expansion keys. The round function is used for both key expansion and encryption/decryption. The key expansion process transforms the 64-bit data key and 256-bit key expansion key into a 256-bit execution key, consisting of 4 pairs of 32-bit numbers K R 0 , K L 0 , . . . , K R 3 , K L 3 {\displaystyle K_{R_{0}},K_{L_{0}},...,K_{R_{3}},K_{L_{3}}} . The cipher has

114-434: A structure determined by a round-specific "algorithm decision key ". Making the rounds key-dependent is intended to make cryptanalysis more difficult (see FROG for a similar design philosophy). The round count can be set to any positive integer N, but a round count of at least 10 is recommended. The key consists of four components: a 64-bit data key, 256-bit key expansion key, a set of N 24-bit algorithm decision keys, and

133-1773: A typical Feistel cipher design. First, the 64-bit input block is split into two 32-bit halves. In each round, the left half undergoes a key-dependent transformation, and is then combined with the right half. Finally, the halves are swapped. In total, the round function consists of a sequence of nine customizable operations and three bitwise rotations: R i + 1 = L i x = L i op 1 ⁡ K L i mod 4 y = ( ( x <<< S 1 ) op 2 ⁡ x ) op 3 ⁡ α z = ( ( ( y <<< S 2 ) op 4 ⁡ y ) op 5 ⁡ β ) op 6 ⁡ K R i mod 4 L i + 1 = ( ( ( z <<< S 3 ) op 7 ⁡ z ) op 8 ⁡ γ ) op 9 ⁡ R i {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}R_{i+1}&=L_{i}\\x&=L_{i}\operatorname {op} _{1}K_{L_{i{\bmod {4}}}}\\y&=((x<<<S_{1})\operatorname {op} _{2}x)\operatorname {op} _{3}\alpha \\z&=(((y<<<S_{2})\operatorname {op} _{4}y)\operatorname {op} _{5}\beta )\operatorname {op} _{6}K_{R_{i{\bmod {4}}}}\\L_{i+1}&=(((z<<<S_{3})\operatorname {op} _{7}z)\operatorname {op} _{8}\gamma )\operatorname {op} _{9}R_{i}\end{aligned}}} i {\displaystyle i} denotes

152-1098: A variant of the RS-82 rocket used by the Soviet Union in World War II Other uses [ edit ] M8, a standard bolt and nut size in the ISO metric screw thread system M8 Alliance, World Health Summit M8 (magazine) , a dance music magazine based in Scotland M8, Internet slang for "mate" M8, a difficulty grade in mixed climbing See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "m8"  or "m-8" on Misplaced Pages. Yamaha MO8 music synthesizer All pages with titles beginning with M8 All pages with titles containing M8 8M (disambiguation) Mate (disambiguation) ("m8" in texting spelling) M (disambiguation) 8 (disambiguation) Model 8 (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

171-513: Is an implementation of the cipher in Python . The published version of ISO/IEC 9979-0020 includes the following test data: The key-dependent behaviour of the cipher results in a large class of weak keys which expose the cipher to a range of attacks, including differential cryptanalysis , linear cryptanalysis and mod n cryptanalysis . M8 flamethrower The M8 flamethrower , officially designated: Flame Thrower Portable One-Shot, M8 ,

190-412: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages M8 (cipher) Like M6, M8 is a Feistel cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The round function can include 32-bit rotations , XORs , and modular addition , making it an early example of an ARX cipher . The cipher features a variable number of rounds (any positive integer N), each of which has

209-905: The Davison Freeway M8 (East London) , a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa M8 (Cape Town) , a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa M8 (Johannesburg) , a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa M8 (Pretoria) , a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa M8 (Durban) , a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa M8 (Port Elizabeth) , a Metropolitan Route in Port Elizabeth, South Africa M8 highway (Russia) , also known as

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228-707: The E15/E16, were inspired by the German einstoss-Fm.W.46 flamethrowers. Sometime in development they found that a 2 US gal (7.6 L) horseshoe-shaped tank with a powder ignition charge was sufficient. It was adopted into service by airborne troops with a technical manual written for it in March 1959. It was eventually replaced by the M9 flamethrowers . The M8 featured a unique fiberglass horseshoe-shaped tank design that holds 2 US gal (7.6 L) of fuel. Inside

247-636: The Kholmogory Highway M8 motorway (Hungary) M8 motorway (Ireland) M-8 highway (Montenegro) M8 motorway (Pakistan) M8 motorway (Scotland) M8 Motorway (Sydney) in Sydney, Australia Highway M08 (Ukraine) Western Freeway (Victoria) in Australia, designated M8 M8 road (Zambia) M8 road (Malawi) Civilian transportation [ edit ] Road transport [ edit ] M8 (New York City bus) ,

266-484: The execution key. <<< {\displaystyle <<<} denotes a left bitwise rotation. op j {\displaystyle \operatorname {op} _{j}} and S k {\displaystyle S_{k}} are defined by the 24-bit algorithm decision key as follows: where op1 to op9 are each one bit (0 = addition mod 2 , 1 = XOR) and S1 to S3 are five bits each. Key expansion consists of eight cipher rounds, using

285-654: The first eight algorithm decision and expansion keys, the key expansion key as the execution key, and the data key as the input block. The eight intermediate outputs, L 1 , L 2 , . . . , L 7 , L 8 {\displaystyle L_{1},L_{2},...,L_{7},L_{8}} are used as the eight components of the execution key K R 0 , K L 0 , . . . , K R 3 , K L 3 {\displaystyle K_{R_{0}},K_{L_{0}},...,K_{R_{3}},K_{L_{3}}} . The following

304-548: The round number, which takes inputs L i {\displaystyle L_{i}} and R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} . α , β , γ {\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma } are the three 32-bit words of the round's algorithm expansion key. K R i mod 4 , K L i mod 4 {\displaystyle K_{R_{i{\bmod {4}}}},K_{L_{i{\bmod {4}}}}} are words from

323-447: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M8&oldid=1239341280 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

342-399: The tank is a ball that functions as a piston when a powder charge is detonated, causing the fuel to be expelled. A smaller chamber is connected to the fuel tank and houses the powder charge for generating the required pressures and igniting the fuel as its expelled. The ignition is activated by moving a lever on the right side of the flamethrower with the operator's thumb. As a result of using

361-534: Was a single-shot flamethrower briefly adopted into U.S. service by airborne troops, but was never mass produced. During the end of World War II, the Chemical Corps became interested in improving the man-portable flamethrower concept. They found two possibilities in design: an inexpensive flamethrower capable of being disposed after a single use or a compact flamethrower capable of being reloaded quickly. Early designs of these single use flamethrowers, such as

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