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63-541: The Penn Line is a MARC passenger rail service operating between Union Station in Washington, D.C. , and Perryville, Maryland , along the far southern leg of the Northeast Corridor ; most trains terminate at Baltimore 's Penn Station . It is MARC's only electrified line, though a majority of trains remain diesel powered. With trains operating at speeds of up to 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), it

126-678: A 14-mile (23 km) branch to Frederick, Maryland . It is descended from Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) commuter service between Washington and its northern and western suburbs. MARC has run special weekend trips to and from Cumberland, Maryland , for Western Maryland residents to attend sporting events in the Washington–Baltimore area , and to facilitate tourist excursions to Western Maryland. Nearly all stations served by MARC connect with local bus or Metrobus service. Washington Union Station, New Carrollton, College Park, Greenbelt, Silver Spring and Rockville offer connections to

189-548: A 50% subsidy of the B&;O's Washington–Brunswick and Washington–Baltimore service – the first state-sponsored commuter rail service to Washington. In 1975, the state signed an operating agreement with the B&O, under which the state provided rolling stock and reimbursed the railroad for all operating losses. On October 31, 1976, Amtrak introduced the Washington–Cincinnati Shenandoah and cut

252-623: A Cummins Engine (NT885-R) and Voith turbo (T211re.3) transmission. The new rolling stock, known as the MRTJ 1000 , was built specifically for the Jakarta MRT Nippon Sharyo Seso Kraisha Co., Ltd. originally built 5 CX50 Steam locomotives in 1953 and was ready to sell them to the State Railway of Thailand using numbers 851 - 855 as reserve vehicles. But the railway did not accept the locomotive, so it

315-526: A combination of the two. Engineer Ricky Orr and conductors Jimmy Major Jr. and Jim Quillen were among the victims. Eight Jobs Corps students also were killed during the accident. The NTSB report concluded that the MARC crew apparently forgot the approach signal aspect of the Kensington color-position signal after making a flag stop at Kensington station . The MARC train was operating in push mode with

378-590: A connection to the Virginia Railway Express system. All three MARC lines date from the 19th century. Service on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) between Baltimore and Ellicott City began on May 24, 1830, over part of what is now the Camden Line. B&O service between Baltimore and Washington, the modern Camden Line route, began on August 25, 1835. The B&O's main line

441-544: A larger parking area and a dedicated interchange with Route 100 . On April 30, 1987, the B&O was merged into CSX . CSX continued to operate Camden and Brunswick Line service. On July 6, 1987, MARC opened Metropolitan Grove station – the first new station on the Brunswick line in over a century. On February 16, 1996, during the Friday evening rush hour , an eastbound train headed to Washington Union Station via

504-639: A nearly six-year base contract with a five-year renewal option. On October 17, 2012, the $ 204 million contract was awarded to the Canadian company Bombardier Transportation , effectively ending the Keolis controversy. The pre-service transition period began on the Thursday of that week, during which time CSXT continued to operate MARC trains. The five-year renewal was exercised in 2018. The contract passed to Alstom in 2021 when they purchased Bombardier. Alstom

567-500: A number of other Northeastern states, took control of its commuter railroads. Amtrak, which had acquired the right-of-way from Penn Central, took over operation of the former Pennsylvania Railroad commuter line, which was rebranded as AMDOT (Amtrak/Maryland Department of Transportation). The Amtrak Chesapeake was discontinued later in 1983 due to low ridership and redundancy with AMDOT; a year later, all commuter rail service in Maryland

630-477: A parking shortage at Laurel station , and closed the underused Berwyn station on the Camden Line. On December 12, 1994, Muirkirk station (originally planned as South Laurel) was opened to reduce congestion on nearby Route 1 . In 1996, a $ 1.2 million project added 600 parking spaces at Savage station to relieve crowding. In July 1996, the Elkridge station was closed and replaced with Dorsey station , which has

693-778: A resolution to the Delaware General Assembly that would add commuter rail service between Newark and Perryville, involving an extension of MARC service to connect with SEPTA at Newark. This resolution will be introduced into the Delaware General Assembly in 2021. Longer-term plans include construction of new track and extending the line past Washington Union Station to L'Enfant Plaza station in Washington and from there into northern Virginia . The Purple Line light rail system, under construction as of 2022, will connect to all three MARC lines;

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756-585: A revived Elkton station to connect with the Wilmington/Newark Line of SEPTA , or even further north to 30th Street Station in Philadelphia . The Pennsylvania Railroad's commuter route had run to Philadelphia until the early 1960s. The MTA currently funds a local bus connection between Newark and Baltimore, with a transfer at Elkton. In 2020, Delaware State Representative Edward Osienski and State Senator Stephanie Hansen cosponsored

819-509: Is a 39-mile (63 km) line that runs on CSX-owned tracks between Washington, D.C., and Camden Station in Baltimore . It is descended from B&O commuter routes running between Washington and Baltimore. The B&O began operating over portions of this route in 1830, making it one of the oldest passenger rail lines in the U.S. still in operation. The Brunswick Line is a 74-mile (119 km) line that runs on CSX -owned tracks between Washington, D.C., and Martinsburg, West Virginia , with

882-598: Is administered by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and operated under contract by Alstom and Amtrak on track owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Amtrak. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 3,860,600, or about 13,900 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024, less than pre- COVID-19 pandemic weekday ridership of 40,000. With trains on the Penn Line reaching a maximum speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), MARC has

945-522: Is lined with bicycle racks which are arranged to secure 23 full-sized, non-collapsible bicycles, and the other side provides seating for 40 passengers. The Bike Car program was expanded during 2015 to include all weekend trains. There is no extra charge for using the Bike Car, which is available on a first-come, first-served basis. Beginning in 2016, MARC began installing bike racks on its bi-level train cars and some of its single-level cars. Weekday service

1008-612: Is the fastest commuter rail line in North America, with equipment capable of operating at speeds up to 125 miles per hour (201 km/h). Descended from Washington-Baltimore commuter routes operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad , it is by far the busiest MARC line, with almost twice as many trains and twice as many passengers as the other two lines combined. The Penn Line is the only electrified MARC line, and its only line that operates on weekends. The Camden Line

1071-485: Is the fastest commuter rail line in the United States. The service is operated by Amtrak under contract to the Maryland Transit Administration . MARC sets the schedules, owns most of the stations, and controls fares, while Amtrak owns and maintains the right-of-way, supplies employees to operate trains, and maintains the rolling stock. It is the busiest of MARC's three lines, with twice as many trains and riders as

1134-615: The Chesapeake , on April 30, 1978. The Chesapeake stopped at some local stations but fewer than the Conrail service; it provided commuter service from north of Baltimore for the first time since the 1960s. BWI Rail Station opened for Amtrak and Conrail trains on October 26, 1980. In August 1982, Conrail trains began stopping at Capital Beltway station , used by intercity trains since 1970. Lanham and Landover stations were closed. Two additional round trips – one in

1197-506: The Blue Ridge to a 73-mile (117 km) Washington–Martinsburg trip. In the late 1970s, West Virginia began to fund the B&O shuttles between Brunswick and Martinsburg; the shuttles were soon incorporated as extensions of Brunswick service in order to secure Urban Mass Transportation Administration subsidies. In December 1981, MDOT purchased 22 ex-PRR coaches for use on B&O lines. The Maryland State Railroad Administration (SRA)

1260-586: The Brunswick and Camden lines are used on the Penn Line. For the spring and summer months, weekend Penn Line trains also include a single-level Bike Car that is specially equipped to accommodate bicyclists. All trains are operated in push-pull configuration, with the cab-car end facing towards Washington. All of the stations from Washington Union Station up to Penn Station, with the exception of West Baltimore , have high-level platforms , while all of

1323-419: The Brunswick and Camden lines combined. The Penn Line is the successor to commuter services between Washington and Baltimore provided by the Pennsylvania Railroad , Penn Central , and Conrail dating back as early as 1881. Additionally, Amtrak operated a commuter service named the Chesapeake from Washington to Suburban Station in Philadelphia between 1978 and 1983. In 1983, Maryland , along with

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1386-548: The Pennsylvania Railroad -owned Baltimore and Potomac Railroad (B&P) was completed between the two cities in 1872. The PW&B was initially hostile to the Pennsylvania (PRR); however, the PRR acquired it in a stock battle with the B&O in 1881. The PW&B soon began operating PRR through service – the ancestor of Penn Line service – between Washington and Philadelphia in conjunction with

1449-697: The Washington Metro subway, while Baltimore Penn Station and Camden Station both offer connections to the Baltimore Light RailLink . While the Baltimore Metro SubwayLink is not directly connected to the MARC system, its State Center station is not far from Baltimore Penn Station. Washington Union, Baltimore Penn, BWI Airport, Aberdeen, New Carrollton, Rockville, Harpers Ferry, and Martinsburg stations are shared with Amtrak service, and Union Station also offers

1512-517: The 21st century, MARC ridership increased significantly, and the system neared capacity for its current configuration. With the area population growing and the BRAC process poised to bring new jobs to Aberdeen Proving Ground and Fort Meade , both near MARC stations, the state saw the need to expand service. In September 2007, MTA Maryland unveiled an ambitious 30-year plan of system improvements. Though funding sources had not been established at that time,

1575-624: The B&P. Meanwhile, the PRR ended B&O trackage rights over the PW&;B in 1884, forcing it to open its own parallel route in 1886. The PW&B and the B&P were combined into the PRR's Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad in 1902. The B&O ended local service on the Frederick Branch in November 1949. All B&O passenger service between Baltimore and Philadelphia ended in 1958; local service from Washington

1638-464: The Brunswick Line collided with the westbound Amtrak Capitol Limited headed to Chicago via Pittsburgh . The collision occurred at Georgetown Junction on a snow-swept stretch of track just west of Silver Spring, Maryland . The crash left 11 people dead aboard the MARC train. Three died of injuries suffered in the impact alone, with the rest succumbing to the ensuing smoke and flames or

1701-454: The Camden Line had high ridership growth and substantial changes to its stations. A new station at Savage just off Route 32 was opened on July 31, 1989. MARC began service to Greenbelt station on May 3, 1993, seven months before Metro began serving the station. On January 31, 1994, MARC expanded midday service on the Camden and Brunswick lines, opened Laurel Race Track station to relieve

1764-525: The MP36PH-3Cs; nos. 67–69 were rebuilt from GP40 work locomotives 30–32; no. 68 continues in non-revenue work duty and rescue use; several units rebuilt into MPI MP32PH-Q for Central Florida's SunRail commuter train; remaining units in Columbia, Pennsylvania pending rebuild by MPI or Progress Rail, Units 54, 56, 57, and 58 sold to PNLX; 69 was sold to CSX and renumbered 9969. In the first decade of

1827-521: The Maryland Attorney General's Office worried the law was not Constitutional, may risk retaliation towards Maryland firms overseas, and may risk federal funding for Maryland "by imposing arbitrary procurement demands on a single company". MTA issued a new RFP for the operations and maintenance of MARC services on the Brunswick and Camden Lines on July 14, 2011, with a deadline for proposals on November 21, 2011. The terms specified

1890-737: The Northeast. MDOT began paying Amtrak to run the ex-PRR Washington–Baltimore service. That service was branded as AMDOT (Amtrak Maryland Department of Transportation). In October 1983, with low patronage and largely duplicated by the MDOT-subsidized service, the Chesapeake was discontinued. In 1984, the SRA introduced a unified brand for its three subsidized lines, MARC (originally short for Ma ryland R ail C ommuter, later modified to M aryland A rea R ail C ommuter). Operations remained

1953-574: The Penn Line also began offering limited weekend service. Penn Line weekend service consists of 9 round trips on Saturday and 6 round trips on Sunday—primarily between Penn Station and Union Station. Several trains extend service to Martin State Airport, and all trains skip Seabrook . Beginning on December 13, 2014, a separate Bike Car was added to some weekend Penn Line trains. Bike Cars are reconditioned Sumitomo/Nippon Sharyo MARC IIA single-level commuter railcars. One side of each car's interior

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2016-432: The Penn Line and Alstom for the Brunswick Line and Camden Line. The Penn Line is a 77-mile (124 km) line that runs along the far southern leg of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Perryville, Maryland , via Baltimore Penn Station . Most trains operate along a 39-mile (63 km) stretch between Washington and Baltimore Penn, with limited service to Martin State Airport and Perryville. It

2079-626: The Washington– Parkersburg West Virginian , later renamed Potomac Special . The Potomac Special was cut back to a 146-mile (235 km) commuter-based Washington–Cumberland trip, the Blue Ridge , on May 7, 1973. In early 1974, the B&O threatened to discontinue its remaining unsubsidized commuter services, citing heavy losses. On March 1, 1974, the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT) began

2142-922: The Wilmington Area Planning Council submitted ridership studies to Cecil County , the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission , SEPTA and the Delaware Department of Transportation for the extension of MARC service from Perryville to Newark, Delaware , and possibly Wilmington , via Elkton . The section from Perryville to Newark is the one of only three along the Northeast Corridor not covered by commuter train service (the others are between New London, Connecticut , and Wickford Junction, Rhode Island , and between New York Penn Station and New Rochelle, New York ). The Route 5 bus operated by Cecil Transit formerly connected

2205-601: The accident might have been prevented if a human-factors analysis had been conducted when modifications to the track signaling system were made in 1992 with the closing of nearby QN tower. In June 2010, the MTA began looking for a new operations and maintenance contractor to replace CSX Transportation for the Camden and Brunswick lines. Controversy arose when the French-owned and Montgomery County, Maryland -based Keolis , already operating Virginia Railway Express trains,

2268-400: The air with the new disclosure law in place. No other bidder had emerged to replace CSXT. On June 5, 2011, The Washington Post ran an editorial critical of the disclosure law. The Post claimed that SNCF has been working for years on digitizing its records, and the Maryland law may require items or formats counter to SNCF's current system and/or French law. The article also stated that some in

2331-499: The automobile, even as commuting between suburban locations and urban business districts remained common. In 1968, the PRR folded into Penn Central , which took over its passenger operations. On May 1, 1971, Amtrak took over most intercity passenger service in the United States, including some of Penn Central's former routes. The B&O and Penn Central continued to operate their Washington–Baltimore and Washington–Brunswick commuter routes without subsidies. Amtrak initially operated

2394-610: The basic route for what would become the Brunswick Line . The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) completed its line between Baltimore and Philadelphia in December 1838, save for the ferry across the Susquehanna River , which was not bridged until the 1860s. Although the B&O was chartered with the unspoken assumption that no competing line would be built between Baltimore and Washington,

2457-526: The bicyclist must make sure to be able to access the platform of the station they desire. Amtrak's Acela , Northeast Regional , and other long-distance trains share tracks along the whole of the Penn Line. Washington Union and Baltimore Penn are the second and eighth busiest Amtrak stations in the country, respectively. Amtrak connections are also available at Aberdeen , BWI Airport , and New Carrollton . MARC passengers with monthly and weekly tickets can ride select Amtrak Northeast Regional trains during

2520-434: The cab control car out front. The Amtrak locomotives were in the crossover at the time of the collision; the MARC cab control car collided with the lead Amtrak unit, F40PH #255, rupturing its fuel tank and igniting the fire that caused most of the casualties. The second unit was a GE Genesis P40DC #811, a newer unit that has a fuel tank that is shielded in the center of the frame. The official investigation also suggests that

2583-416: The entire 77 mi (124 km) corridor between Union Station and Perryville. A single morning train and a single evening train run between Perryville and Penn Station, and a single early morning train runs from Martin State Airport to Penn Station. Unlike MARC's other two lines, the Penn Line operates all throughout the day and well into the night rather than solely during peak hours. On December 7, 2013,

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2646-587: The extension into Virginia would require replacing the Long Bridge over the Potomac to safely allow more train capacity, which is slated to be completed by 2030. In the short-term, a plan to allow VRE and MARC passenger tickets to be honored on each system is under consideration. Nippon Sharyo I.F.E EMUs Working on Caracas-Cua commuter line Railway System Ezequiel Zamora (Central) Rheostatic series ( KRL Rheostatik Mild Steel and Stainless ) (The train

2709-402: The highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States. MARC has three lines that radiate from Union Station in Washington, D.C. : The Penn Line is the only line with weekend service, having 18 trains on Saturdays and 12 on Sundays. Service is reduced or suspended on certain federal holidays. All MARC trains operate in push-pull mode. The cab car is typically on the end of

2772-1035: The peak direction, and one reverse for commuters working in Baltimore ;– were added on July 5, 1983. On October 30, 1983, Amtrak and MARC moved from Capital Beltway into a new platform and waiting room at nearby New Carrollton station , which had been served by the Washington Metro since 1978. The Edmondson Avenue and Frederick Road stops in Baltimore were replaced by West Baltimore station on April 30, 1984. In 1981, MDOT began installing highway signs to point drivers to commuter rail stations. The Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981 allowed Conrail to shed its commuter rail operations in 1983 in order to focus on its more profitable freight operations. On January 1, 1983, public operators (including Metro-North Railroad , NJ Transit , and SEPTA Regional Rail ) took over Conrail commuter rail systems in

2835-756: The plan represented the state's goals of increasing capacity and flexibility. Proposed improvements included: Some of the proposals were foreseen to take years or decades to implement, however others such as Penn Line weekend service could have begun in a matter of months, yet budgetary shortfalls prevented this. In Spring 2009, to offset such budget shortfalls, ticket sales employees at most non-Amtrak stations were replaced with Amtrak " Quik-Trak " touchscreen ticket machines, and some train services were eliminated or scaled back. Ticket machines were also added to stations that were not previously staffed, such as Halethorpe . The only remaining staffed stations, Odenton and Frederick, remained staffed by Commuter Direct. In 2017,

2898-477: The previous Bowie station was closed. Two more round trips were added in May 1989. On May 1, 1991, MARC service was extended north from Baltimore to Perryville with intermediate stops at Martin State Airport , Edgewood , and Aberdeen . Between 1988 and 1993, MARC expanded service from 34 to 70 total daily trips across the system. In 1995, 800 parking spaces were added to Odenton station . From 1989 to 1996,

2961-521: The same, but public elements such as schedules and crew uniforms were consolidated under the new name. MARC soon dubbed its three lines the Penn Line, Camden Line, and Brunswick Line. In October 1986, MARC began testing an Amtrak AEM-7 locomotive, aiming to replace the Arrows with push–pull trains . On February 27, 1989, MARC increased Washington–Baltimore service from 7 to 13 weekday round trips. A new park-and-ride station opened at Bowie State , while

3024-424: The satisfaction of the Maryland state archivist before Keolis would be allowed to place a bid for MARC service. Keolis faced similar issues while bidding for VRE operations in 2009 before eventually being awarded the contract. Keolis and SNCF lawyers claimed that all documentation required by the law had been produced long before. In June 2011, the future of Keolis's ability to bid on the MARC contract remained up in

3087-481: The subsequent stations up to Perryville have low-level platforms. MARC runs 58 Penn Line trains during a normal weekday. A majority of these trains (29 each day) operate along a 39 mi (63 km) stretch between Union Station in Washington and Penn Station in Baltimore. An additional five trains run between Union Station and Martin State Airport in Middle River, Maryland , while eleven trains run along

3150-430: The train closest to Washington; on trains with diesel locomotives, this arrangement keeps exhaust further away from Union Station's terminal. Train lengths vary from the 3–5 cars to 10 cars on Penn Line rush hour trains. Shorter trains typically consist of all single level or all bilevel passenger cars while longer trains may have a combination. The MTA contracts out operations and maintenance of MARC trains to Amtrak for

3213-610: The transfer to the Penn Line will be at New Carrollton. The following stations are served by Penn Line trains; not all trains stop at all stations. Download coordinates as: For 150 mph (241 km/h) or more in the US, see High-speed rail in the United States MARC Train The Maryland Area Rail Commuter ( MARC ) is a commuter rail system in the Washington–Baltimore area . MARC ( reporting mark MARC )

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3276-699: The two stations. On April 13, 2023, MDOT announced an agreement with the Virginia Passenger Rail Authority and the Delaware Transit Corporation for expansion possibilities beyond the current termini of MARC train service. Expansion into Virginia would allow a one seat ride from Maryland to Alexandria, Virginia and to Newark, Delaware, with the latter being initially proposed in 2017 as advocated by Cecil County residents. The extension into Delaware would require further deliberations among regional partners, while

3339-473: The week only, as part of their cross-honoring agreement. Connections are also available to the Washington Metro's Orange Line at New Carrollton, Red Line at Washington Union Station, and to the Baltimore Light RailLink at Baltimore Penn Station, though this line has been closed since 2020 due to renovation work at Penn Station. The MTA has plans to extend the Penn Line to Newark station in Delaware via

3402-705: Was also made by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Hitachi ): All Rheostatic EMUs have stopped operating in the Jabodetabek lines and is currently waiting to be scrapped. Shinko Diesel Multiple Units (a.k.a. KRD MCW 301 and KRD MCW 302 ) are used for short-distance lines such as Surabaya-Lamongan, Surabaya-Sidoarjo, etc. KRD MCW 301 and 302 initially uses the Shinko DMH17H engine and Niigata TCR 2.5 transmission Note: The DMUs built in 1976 are now used as regular loco-hauled trains without engines. The DMUs made in 1978, 1980, & 1982 upwards are refurbished with

3465-589: Was awarded a $ 401 million, five-year contract in April 2023, with two five-year extensions possible. The following tables summarize current and former MARC rolling stock. Entered service in 1998; 125 mph (201 km/h) maximum speed; refurbished 2017–2018. 4914 is retired and used as a parts source. Entered service 2009–2011; replaced GP40WH-2s Replaced by the Siemens SC-44 Chargers; units placed in storage, pending disposal Replaced by

3528-405: Was curtailed to Camden Station . The B&O continued to offer local service to Brunswick plus long-distance service, while the PRR operated a mix of local, intercity, and long-distance service on the Northeast Corridor . Local service north of Baltimore on the PRR ended around 1964. In the mid-20th century, passenger rail service declined owing to a variety of factors, particularly the advent of

3591-406: Was established in 1986 to administer contracts, procure rolling stock, and oversee short line railroads in the state. Conrail took over the unsubsidized ex-PRR Baltimore–Washington service from Penn Central at its creation on April 1, 1976. MDOT began subsidizing that service after Conrail threatened to discontinue service on April 1, 1977. Prior to 1978, most ex-PRR Baltimore–Washington service

3654-473: Was extended to Frederick Junction (with a branch to Frederick ) in 1831, to Point of Rocks in 1832, to Brunswick and Harpers Ferry in 1834, and Martinsburg in 1842. The B&O completed its Metropolitan Branch in 1873; most service from Martinsburg and Frederick was then diverted onto the Metropolitan Branch to Washington, and the old main line became a secondary route. This established

3717-509: Was intended to begin in summer 2018, however, this was delayed several times. Eventually, 35 Penn Line railcars had full-sized bicycle racks installed, and weekday use of the bike racks on the MARC Penn line officially began on January 21, 2019. These railcars are available on most weekday rush-hour Penn Line trains and on all weekend trains. As with the former Bike Cars, these services are first-come, first served with no additional charge, and

3780-598: Was merged under the MARC brand. With frequent MARC and Amtrak service, the Washington-Baltimore section of the Northeast Corridor is one of the busiest rail lines in the United States. The Penn Line uses diesel as well as electric locomotives for powering trains. Most electric and rush hour diesel trains are 6-8 cars long, and are primarily made up of Kawasaki bi-levels. During the day, shorter 4-6 car MultiLevels or single level diesel trains from

3843-579: Was operated by aging MP54 electric multiple units , most dating back to the line's 1933 electrification. In 1978, Amtrak and the City of Baltimore negotiated with the New Jersey Department of Transportation to lease a number of new Arrow railcars to replace the MP54s. With funding from Pennsylvania and Maryland, Amtrak used some of the cars to initiate a Philadelphia–Washington commuter trip,

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3906-748: Was sold to Hejaz railway in Jordan in 1959 Nippon Sharyo, in 1936, built the JNR Class C56 steam locomotive number C56 31 , which was used in 1943 to open the infamous Thai-Burma Railway , as stylized in the movie The Bridge Over the River Kwai , built by over 100,000 Allied POW and other slave labourers. This restored steam engine now sits in the foyer of the Yasukuni War Museum in Tokyo. Japanese veteran groups raised funds to return

3969-432: Was the only bidder for the contract. The bidding process was suspended in late 2010 due to lack of competition. Before bidding reopened in 2011, Maryland passed a law requiring Keolis' majority owner, French state railway company SNCF , to fully disclose its role in transporting Jews to concentration camps during World War II , at the request of Leo Bretholz and other Holocaust survivors. This disclosure would need to meet

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