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76-681: A Master of Engineering (abbreviated MEng , ME , M.E. or M.Eng. ) is a professional master's degree in the field of engineering . In Australia , the Master of Engineering degree is a research degree requiring completion of a thesis. Like the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), it is considered a lesser degree than Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It is not to be confused with Master of Engineering Science, Master of Engineering Studies or Master of Professional Engineering which are coursework master's degrees. Exceptions are Monash University which awards

152-669: A Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) followed by a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Engineering, or a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Architecture followed by a year of professional experience, then a two-year Master of Architecture (M.Arch.). In some subjects the normal professional degree is a bachelor's degree, e.g., the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) or B.A. in Law (for both solicitors and barristers ) or

228-521: A "doctorate". The spread of professional doctorates raised concerns about the standards of the new degrees, particularly in cases such as physical therapy, where the standard set by the American Physical Therapy Association for the doctorate is the same as that for the master's degree. Critics have claimed that these degrees should not be called doctorates, pointing out that a Ph.D. takes an average of twelve years from

304-541: A 4-year bachelor's degree and many universities allow students to choose between the Master of Engineering and the Master of Science. The Master of Engineering degree is offered at many leading universities in the United States on either a full-time and part-time (weekends or evenings) basis and is considered a terminal degree in the field of engineering and is considered as a step forward in one's professional career as an engineer. Some MEng degree programs require

380-655: A B.Sc. in Surveying. or a B.Sc. in Accountancy. Some professional bodies also offer different levels of professional recognition, e.g., a master's degree is needed for Chartered Engineers or Chartered Scientists but a bachelor's degree for Incorporated Engineers and a bachelor's or foundation degree for Registered Scientists . It is common for professional qualification in the UK to require professional experience in addition to academic qualification. For Architecture,

456-423: A BA, or a three-year undergraduate course. Shortly after, in 1837, Durham also became the first British university to teach engineering (although the course closed after a few years), followed only a few months later by King's College London . Anglican theological colleges partnered with local universities to offer professional degrees in theology and ministry during the twentieth century. Since 2014, however,

532-519: A Master of Engineering Science by either research or coursework, the University of Melbourne which offers a Master of Engineering by coursework, and the University of Tasmania which offer a Master of Engineering Science by research. There are two distinct degrees in Finland , a taught university degree ( diplomi-insinööri ) and a polytechnic master's degree's ( insinööri (ylempi AMK) ). While

608-482: A Ph.D. or take up teaching roles. The M.E. degree in India provides engineers with advanced knowledge and expertise, enhancing career opportunities in both technical and managerial roles across various industries. In New Zealand , the Master of Engineering degree is generally a research based degree requiring completion of a thesis in key universities ( University of Auckland , University of Canterbury , etc.). Similar to

684-417: A bachelor's degree in engineering. AMIE is also recognized by UK-NARIC as a British bachelor's honors degree. Members are divided into two main types: corporate (organic) and non-corporate (nirangik). Members and associate members are calculated in advance. Respected members of type II members, brothers (companion), graduates, students, associate members and auxiliaries (subscriber) are counted. According to

760-551: A combination of coursework and research project (coursework pathway). FIIT STU Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) accreditation for two master's degree study programs: Intelligent Software Systems (combined fields of study Software Engineering – major and Artificial Intelligence – secondary) and Internet Technologies (in the field of study Computing Engineering); three bachelor's degree study programs and two doctoral degree study programs. FEI STU engineering Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE) accreditation In

836-481: A few years later. However, it has only been since the 1960s that law schools have taken on a leading role in training lawyers and truly established professional degrees. In the latter part of the twentieth century, many chartered bodies introduced educational requirements for their chartered professional statuses, most notably the Engineering Council requirements for Chartered Engineer . This led to

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912-413: A formal education in engineering, an associate membership engineering degree certificate can be achieved by qualifying in the examinations conducted by the institution. The Associate Member (AMIE) examination has two sections. Section A is common to all candidates, while Section B is specific to a particular stream of engineering. To take the examinations, the candidate must have been a technician member of

988-739: A graduate to be called "Engineer" or to work as an engineer. To work as an engineer requires 5 years of education in university or Engineer's school and using the title of engineer requires graduation from an engineer school. In Germany , the local engineer's degrees (Diplomingenieur (Dipl.-Ing.), a first degree after five years of study at a university and Dipl.-Ing. (FH), the engineering degree offered by Fachhochschulen after four years of study) were abolished in most universities and "Fachhochschulen" in 2010 and were replaced by postgraduate master's degrees (M.Sc. and M.Eng.). The first Master of Engineering courses were introduced in Germany in 2000 as result of

1064-557: A master's thesis. Most of the M. Eng. degree programs are taught in Finnish , but some Swedish and English language programs also exist. In France there are two distinct kinds of Master of Engineering. A master's degree taught in university and an engineer degree Diplôme d'Ingénieur taught in engineer schools, which is a parallel education system of university, named Grande école . Master of engineering and engineer's degree are both equal in term of level education, and generally leads to

1140-486: A medical doctor occurs after the initial four-to-six-year primary medical qualification (e.g., M.B.B.S.). In addition to initial professional degrees, some professional master's degrees and most professional doctorates, e.g., the Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.), Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Doctor of Engineering (Eng.D.) and Doctor of Agriculture (D.Ag.), are offered for those already established in professions. UK professional doctorates are research degrees at

1216-488: A program providing the knowledge and skills for the recognition, credential, or license required for professional practice." As with the "first professional degree", this classification also requires that the total time in higher education is at least six years. However, the requirement for at least two years of college-level study before entering the program was removed. The Department of Education does not define which fields professional doctorates may be awarded in, unlike with

1292-445: A scholarly project in addition to coursework. They require additional courses beyond those required for Master of Science students in order to better prepare students for professional careers. Some of them highly encourage students to participate in collaborative consulting projects. These courses may include topics such as business fundamentals, management and leadership. Professional degree The first doctorates were awarded in

1368-873: A year, starting in May 1943. In 1944, four major categories of technical operations were established. Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and General Engineering. The Silver Jubilee was celebrated in 1945 in Calcutta. In 1947, Sindh, Balochistan and Tiruwankur opened new centers. The Institution obtained the full membership of the Engineers Mobility Forum (EMF) at the Bi-annual International Engineers Meetings 2009 held in Kyoto, Japan on 17 June 2009. The IEI pioneered non-formal education in engineering. For those who have pursued

1444-451: Is available. Most of the engineering institutions have now made an MEng the minimum academic standard necessary to become a Chartered Engineer. Students who graduated before the changes in the rules will still be allowed to use their bachelor's degree for this purpose and those who have earned a bachelor's degree since the changes can usually take some additional courses (known as 'further learning') over time to reach an equivalent standard to

1520-687: Is considered a path for in-depth technical expertise and career advancement in the engineering sector. The Eligibility is a Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering like B.E./B.Tech/ AMIE in an engineering discipline. Admission often requires performance in the GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering), though some universities may have their own entrance exams. An M.E. degree opens doors to advanced roles in industry, academia, or research. Graduates work in sectors like software, telecommunications, automotive, construction, and energy. Many M.E. graduates also pursue

1596-526: Is currently headquartered at 8 Gokhale Road, Kolkata. The institution administers an examination for associate membership, which holds equivalent standing to B.E . / B.Tech . examinations for employment across various sectors in India , including government, public, and private sectors. Its recognition extends to other nations as well. The IEI was established in 1920 in Madras , with Sir Thomas R. J. Ward being

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1672-633: Is equivalent in the signatory countries. Similarly the Sydney Accord (2001) recognises similar academic training between signatories for Engineering Technologists , Incorporated Engineers , etc. and the Dublin Accord (2002) for Engineering Technicians . For computing and information technology, the Seoul Accord (2008) recognises similar academic training on accredited courses for computing and information technology professionals in

1748-400: Is equivalent to a BE and BTech degree awarded by a recognized Indian university and to a British Bachelor's Honors degree . The government of India in continuation to its earlier recognition has recognized the passing of sections A and B examinations as revised, conducted by The Institution of Engineers (India), as equivalent to a bachelor's degree in the appropriate branch of Engineering of

1824-1156: The American Community Survey , with examples of M.D., D.D.S., D.V.M., LL.B., and J.D. This sits between "master's degree" and "doctorate degree" (with the examples for a doctorate being Ph.D. and Ed.D.). Some fields offer degrees beyond the professional doctorate or other degrees required for qualification, sometimes termed post-professional degrees. Higher professional degrees may also be offered in fields that do not have specific academic requirements for entry, such as Fine Arts. These degrees may be at master's or doctorate levels. Professional degrees are considered undergraduate degrees in Canada and are recognized by Statistics Canada as degrees that lead to entry-to-practice professions. They generally require an undergraduate degree prior to admission; however, some professional degrees may be direct entry after secondary schooling, such as social work, nursing, midwifery, and education. Professional degrees are considered competitive for entry with academic rigor. Professional degrees in

1900-895: The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants ' B.Sc. in Applied Accounting with Oxford Brookes University . In medicine, individual countries specify rules for recognising foreign qualifications; in the US, for example, this is carried out by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and in the UK by the General Medical Council (GMC). The Australian Medical Council , US ECFMG, UK GMC, Medical Council of Canada , Danish Health and Medicines Authority, and Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation jointly sponsor

1976-470: The Bologna process . This type of master's degree is usually offered by Fachhochschulen ( Universities of Applied Sciences ) and a few smaller German universities and is typically a two-year program (fachhochschulen and universities) with application-oriented coursework and an applied or research thesis. The entry requirement is the successful completion of a bachelor's degree or an equivalent from before

2052-811: The Common Award degrees, validated by Durham, have offered a more unified training across the theological colleges. Some colleges continue to offer other degrees in addition to the Common Awards, such as the Cambridge Bachelor of Theology at the Cambridge Theological Federation Legal studies in England were mainly confined to the Inns of Court until the late nineteenth century. The only undergraduate course

2128-531: The United Kingdom , the degree of Master of Engineering (MEng) is the highest award for undergraduate studies in engineering. It is the standard university-level qualification taken by people wishing to become chartered engineers registered with the Engineering Council (EngC). The MEng degree represents the minimum educational standard required to become a chartered engineer, but there are other equally satisfactory ways to demonstrate this standard, such as

2204-626: The Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 , it being replaced by the Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (MS), with the MD becoming a higher degree as in England. The commissioners under the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889 completed the reform by replacing the MS with the Bachelor of Surgery, the MS joining the MD as a higher degree and the initial professional qualification taking on its modern form as

2280-655: The World Directory of Medical Schools . At least one state in the US, Wisconsin , permits foreign graduates to use the title "MD" if licensed to practice in the US. The state of New York grants an M.D. degree to graduates of approved foreign medical schools upon application and payment of a fee. In engineering, the Washington Accord (1989) recognised that the academic training (i.e., professional degrees) for full professional status ( Professional Engineer , Chartered Engineer , European Engineer , etc.)

2356-480: The former is translated as "Master of Science in Technology", the term "Master of Engineering" is predominantly used by Universities of Applied Sciences , which offer master's degree programs to holders of polytechnic bachelor's degrees ( insinööri (amk) ). As European Bologna process directs, in order to get an M. Eng. degree, B.Eng. engineers have to additionally study full-time one or two years and finalize

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2432-464: The ius ubique docendi – the right to teach anywhere. The first university medical school to be established in the United Kingdom was at the University of Edinburgh in 1726, followed in 1744 by the University of Glasgow . In 1817, Glasgow became the first British university to offer a separate degree in surgery, the Master of Surgery. However, other Scottish universities – St Andrews and

2508-468: The "first professional degree". Besides professional doctorates, other professional degrees can exist that use the title of bachelor or master, e.g., B.Arch. and M.Arch. in architecture. In particular, first professional degrees in theology, which did not use the title of doctor, were reclassified as master's degrees in 2011 - including the B.D. A distinction is drawn in the US between professional doctorates and "doctor's degree - research/scholarship", with

2584-594: The Bologna process, with good marks. The nine leading German technical universities (Group of TU9 ), like most European universities of technology, prefer awarding the Master of Science degree for completing engineering science studies in a master's program. The Master of Engineering (M.E.) is a postgraduate degree in engineering, typically awarded after two years of advanced study. It offers specializations in fields such as Computer Science and Engineering, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, and Structural Engineering. The M.E.

2660-650: The IEI for a year. Examinations are held twice yearly. Post-graduate (masters) programs in engineering and technology are offered to IEI corporate members in selected engineering disciplines. Since 1928, the AMIE examinations have been deemed by the Association of Indian Universities and the Union Public Service Commission to be equivalent to an undergraduate degree in engineering. The Indian Ministry of Education considers that this qualification

2736-417: The IEI obtained a Royal Charter of Incorporation from King George V 'to promote and advance the science, practice, and business of engineering'. The institution's duties are described as follows: "Indian engineers to meet the goals and objectives of the entity being established, they increase the general development of engineering and engineering science, their implementation in India and people associated with

2812-677: The IEI: the National Design & Research Foundation (NDRF) , Water Management Forum (WMF), Safety and Quality Forum (SQF), Sustainable Development Forum (SDF), and Rural Development Forum (RDF). The IEI also has an autonomous organ, the Engineering Staff College of India. In addition to representing India in the Engineers Mobility Forum, the institution has been prominent in World Mining Congress (WMC),

2888-480: The M.B. degree were at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University . Columbia University was the first American university to grant the M.D. degree in 1770, although, as in England, this followed the M.B. (which was the qualifying degree) and required completion of a thesis. Professional societies started licensing doctors from the 1760s, and in the early nineteenth century started setting up their own medical schools, known as proprietary medical colleges,

2964-579: The MEng Some older universities such as Durham allow students to obtain the BEng degree after the third year before continuing on to the fourth year. In the United States , the Master of Engineering degree is generally a professional degree offered as a coursework-based alternative to the traditional research-based Master of Science. It is typically a one-year program, entered after the completion of

3040-724: The MEng degree. (Their courses usually allow a student to leave with a bachelor's degree after three years. More information on which courses are accredited by the Engineering Council for registration as a Chartered Engineer or Incorporated Engineer can be found at https://www.engc.org.uk/education-skills/accreditation-of-higher-education-programmes/ ) Other universities, such as the University of Greenwich , University of Surrey , Coventry University , Brunel University and Swansea University , admit students to read for BEng Honours and MEng courses and allow students to change between

3116-624: The Ph.D., was awarded by an American institution in 1861, although the M.D. was not established as a post-baccalaureate degree until much later. The President of Yale , Arthur Twining Hadley , stated in the early 20th century that: "However convenient it might be to insist on the possession of a bachelor's degree by all pupils in the schools of law or medicine, I feel that it would be a violation of our duty to these professions to hedge ourselves about by any such artificial limitations." This changed (for medicine) after Abraham Flexner 's damning report into

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3192-557: The UK are accredited by professional, statutory and regulatory bodies, which work with the Quality Assurance Agency on defining benchmark statements for their subjects. Specific benchmark statements have also been produced for professional qualifications in Scotland. Many professional degrees span teaching at bachelor's and master's level, leading to a master's level award: This includes older degrees that retain

3268-407: The UK's Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) in engineering or technology, it is considered a lesser degree than Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and a higher degree than a coursework master. It is not to be confused with Master of Engineering Studies which is coursework master's degree. In Auckland University of Technology (AUT), this degree can be achieved either by completing a thesis (research pathway) or

3344-421: The accreditation of degrees by the relevant professional bodies and, in the case of engineering, to the Washington Accord – an international agreement between engineering regulatory bodies to recognise professional degrees accredited in each country – signed originally in 1989 by the UK, US, Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand, and since expanded to include many other countries. In the twenty-first century,

3420-434: The advancement of the engineering profession in general and recognition in particular amongst all the members attached to these professional societies. IEI plays the leading role in engineering activities across the world and provides an international platform to its members, Link=> https://www.ieindia.org/webui/IEI-Network.aspx#international-links . The Foreign Credential Service of America considers it to be equivalent to

3496-512: The completion of a BEng Honours and a subsequent postgraduate diploma , MA or MSc or through experiential learning. The UK MEng (undergraduate degree) is typically equivalent to the European Diplom Ingenieur (Dipl.-Ing.) and Civilingenjör degrees. Universities are free to set their own entry requirements. Some universities, such as Oxford , Cambridge and some courses at Imperial only admit students to study for

3572-541: The double Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery , degree. The first university in England to offer training in theology for those intending to become priests in the Church of England was the University of Durham in 1833, following the lead of colleges such as St Bees Theological College and St David's College, Lampeter . The Licence in Theology could be taken as either a one year graduate course, following on from

3648-485: The example of the M.D. and J.D. The Master of Public Health (M.P.H. degree) and the Doctor of Public Health (Dr.P.H.) are multi-disciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health. The M.P.H. degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. In the 1990s there was also some debate in the architectural community about renaming the professional degree in architecture

3724-602: The first being the medical college of the Medical Society of the County of New York, which opened March 12, 1807. These eliminated the general education and long lecture terms of the university schools, making them much more popular. Without effective regulation, abuses arose, and national conventions in 1846 and 1847 led to the establishment of the American Medical Association . This new body set

3800-432: The first nationwide standards for M.D. degrees, requiring that students had a liberal education in arts and sciences as part of their degree, that they had served an apprenticeship before starting the course, and that the course lasted three years. The M.D. was thus the first entry-level professional degree to be awarded as a purely trade school "doctor" degree in the United States, before the first European-style doctorate,

3876-464: The founding president. It was formally inaugurated in 1921 by Lord Chelmsford , the then- Viceroy of British India . On 19 December 1930, the then Viceroy, Lord Irwin , laid the foundation for the IEI's building at 8 Gokhale Road, in Kolkata. The organization moved into the building on 1 January 1932. In September 1935, following a successful petition by Sir Thomas Guthrie Russell (President 1933–34),

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3952-526: The hospital medical schools could earn degrees. Following the passing of the Medical Act 1858 and the establishment of the General Medical Council , Scottish graduates gained the right to practice in England and degrees in both medicine and surgery became the norm. The Scottish practice of awarding the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) as a first degree was abolished by the university commissioners appointed under

4028-428: The latter being "[a] Ph.D. or other doctor's degree that requires advanced work beyond the master's level, including the preparation and defense of a dissertation based on original research, or the planning and execution of an original project demonstrating substantial artistic or scholarly achievement." Internationally, US professional doctorates (which, unlike research doctorates, are not defined as requiring work beyond

4104-465: The master's level) are not generally considered to be doctoral level qualifications. The classification of "Doctor's degree - other" also exists for doctorates that do not meet the definition of either professional doctorates or research doctorates. The US Census Bureau uses the classification "professional degree beyond bachelor's degree" as one of the possible answers to "What is the highest degree or level of school this person has completed?" in

4180-457: The mid twelfth century to recognise teachers (doctors) in mediaeval universities, either in civil law at the University of Bologna or in theology at the University of Paris . These were followed shortly afterwards by doctorates in canon law, and then in the thirteenth century by doctorates in medicine, grammar, logic and philosophy. These mediaeval doctorates remained, however, essentially teaching qualifications, with their major importance being

4256-468: The names of bachelor's degrees for historic reasons, e.g., the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.; M.B., Ch.B.; etc.), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S.), and Bachelor of Veterinary Science (B.V.S.), and newer integrated master's degrees such as the Master of Engineering (M.Eng.), Master of Optometry (M.Optom), or Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharm.). In some subjects, qualification can be via separate bachelor's and master's degrees, e.g.,

4332-453: The official declaration of the first type member "chartered engineer" (To understand the basic aspects of Chartered Engineer certification and it’s recognition click here ). noun officer. All applicants are considered for general education, proper practical training, and personal integrity to take up the responsibilities of an engineer. Designations of The Institution of Engineers of (India): Senior designations:- There are five fora of

4408-525: The organization and members of engineering-related topics Information and-in providing facilities to receive and give ideas." Distinguished E-in C's of the Indian Army served as President: Maj Gen Harold Williams , 1955–56; the legendary Maj Gen Harkirat Singh, 1960–62, a King Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO) educated at Cambridge University, who fought in the Burma Campaign during WW II, and

4484-418: The professional standard UK-SPEC. Individuals generally develop these through education and working experience. Since its introduction, the MEng has become the degree of choice for most undergraduate engineers, as was intended. The most common exception to this is international students who, because of the substantially higher fees they are charged, sometimes opt to take the tradition BEng/B.Sc. route where that

4560-520: The recognized universities in India and has notified in the Gazette of India, Part I, Section I, dated February 11, 2006. Link=> https://www.ieindia.org/webui/IEI-Academics.aspx#iei_recognitions The Institution of Engineers (India) [IEI] has bilateral relations with engineering professional institutions in 41 organizations around the world and is also the founding member of major international engineering organizations. This mutual relationship promotes

4636-399: The same level as Ph.D.'s, normally including teaching at doctoral level but still assessed by a doctoral research thesis or equivalent. Some professional degrees are designed specifically for trainees or members within a particular organisation, rather than being available via general enrollment. Examples of these include the Church of England 's Common Awards with Durham University and

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4712-513: The same positions. The engineer's title in France is strictly protected and can be used only after a successful graduation in an Engineer School accredited by state. While a university's master's degree of engineering is a grade which does not give the right to use the Engineer's title, even if position's level and responsibilities are same. For the same reason, Bachelor of Engineering does not allow

4788-546: The signatory countries. Institution of Engineers (India) The Institution of Engineers (India) , the IEI, is a national organization for engineers in India . It is the world's largest multi-disciplinary engineering professional society. It has more than one million members in 15 engineering disciplines. The institution was established in 1920 in Kolkata , West Bengal , and was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1935. It

4864-456: The standard degree was once again the LL.B. The second shift to the J.D., again without a change of curriculum, came in the 1960s, with all American Bar Association –accredited professional degrees adopting the nomenclature by 1971. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, other professions, particularly in clinical fields, transitioned their professional degrees to doctorates, following

4940-411: The standard professional degree for many science and engineering fields was raised from bachelor's to master's level, including for qualification as a Chartered Physicist (from 2001), Chartered Scientist (from 2004) and Chartered Engineer (from 2012). The Bachelor of Medicine, or M.B., was the first medical degree to be granted in the United States and Canada. The first medical schools that granted

5016-467: The standard route has a year of experience between the bachelor's and master's stages and a further year after the master's before the final examination; becoming a Chartered Engineer requires post-degree Initial Professional Development that typically takes four to six years; becoming a General Practitioner requires five years of study beyond the M.B.B.S., while qualifying as a Consultant takes seven to nine more years. Although initial registration as

5092-461: The start of college, compared to five and a half to eight years for professional doctorates, while defenders of the new professional doctorates have said the point of comparison should be the M.D. and J.D., not the Ph.D. Among the professional degrees in the United States, one particular form was the graduate-entry first-professional degree, often denominated as a doctorate. The US Department of Education defined these as: "A first-professional degree

5168-480: The state of medical education in 1910: by 1930 almost all medical schools required a previous liberal arts degree before starting the M.D. course. Law degrees were introduced in the US by the College of William & Mary in 1792, with its "Batchellor of Law" (sic) (L.B.) degree. This was followed by the "Graduate of Law" at the University of Virginia in 1829, which became the first American LL.B. in 1840. The J.D.

5244-463: The term "first-professional" was discontinued by the Department of Education as of 2010–11, when new post-baccalaureate award categories were introduced. Before this, first-professional degrees (so defined) were awarded in the following ten fields : Since 2011, the classification "doctor's degree - professional practice" has been used for "[a] doctor's degree that is conferred upon completion of

5320-399: The two during the early years of the course. The Open University offers the MEng degree as a postgraduate qualification but requires students to complete its course within four years of completing a BEng Honours degree. Requirements for professional registration as an Incorporated Engineer or a Chartered Engineer is based on a standard of professional competence and commitment, as set out in

5396-521: The two universities in Aberdeen – also offered medical degrees, often in absentia and without examination, despite not having medical schools. In England, the two universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were only sporadically interested in medical teaching, which was mainly carried out in the London hospitals. It was not until the establishment of the University of London in 1836, however, that students at

5472-437: Was an award that required completion of a program that met all of the following criteria: (1) completion of the academic requirements to begin practice in the profession; (2) at least two years of college work before entering the program; and (3) a total of at least six academic years of college work to complete the degree program, including prior required college work plus the length of the professional program itself." The use of

5548-433: Was at Cambridge and concentrated on Roman civil law rather than English common law ; in terms of employment, that the bishops accepted it as equivalent to a B.A. for ordination was more useful than the legal training it provided, and it was generally seen as an easy option for those who couldn't cope with the mathematics on the B.A. course. Cambridge reformed its course in 1858, and London established an undergraduate course

5624-472: Was considered equivalent to the B.Sc. (Engineering) or B.Eng. degree offered by a government engineering college. In those days, when the number of engineering colleges were far and few between, the AMIE exam served as a single centre to which an aspirant could go to earn a degree. The branches of the institution slowly began spreading across the country. Mysore, Hyderabad, London, Punjab and Bombay opened their centers. Associate Membership exams were taken twice

5700-425: Was introduced by the University of Chicago in 1902, with the same curriculum as the LL.B. but requiring a previous B.A. or B.S. for entry. The J.D. spread, but encountered opposition, and Harvard , which imposed graduate entry as a requirement for its LL.B. course in 1909, and Yale used the name for their post-LL.B. degree, elsewhere called the LL.M. By the 1930s, when most law schools had shifted to graduate entry,

5776-706: Was later Advisor (Construction, Water Supply, and Urban Planning) in the Planning Commission; Lt Gen Ram Loomba, 1968–69; and Lt Gen Jasbir Singh Bawa, 1977–78, who was earlier the Director General Border Roads (DGBR), and then served as the President of the Indian Roads Congress. The Royal Charter subsequently led to the birth of local chapters and centres. Members started to take the AMIE engineering exams, which

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