Misplaced Pages

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32-799: MUSL was formed in December 1987, by seven U.S. lotteries. Its first game was launched in February 1988, Lotto America . That game was changed to Powerball; its first drawing was in April 1992. Powerball was a unique game using two drums, suggested to MUSL by Steve Caputo of the Oregon Lottery . On October 13, 2009, MUSL signed an agreement with the consortium of states that operated the similar Mega Millions lottery, which allowed MUSL members to sell Mega Millions tickets and consortium members to sell Powerball tickets. On January 31, 2010, all but 2 of

64-606: A parimutuel prize. Matching all seven won the jackpot, whose odds were roughly 1 in 18 million, at the time the longest odds of a U.S. lottery game. The top prize was a 20-year annuity ; there was never a cash option, even though a few games did offer one when Lotto America ended. During the middle of its four-year run, Lotto America became a more traditional pick-6-of-54 game; unlike the first version, players got two games for $ 1. The jackpot odds actually became more favorable at 1 in 13 million per dollar; however, overall odds were much tougher, since four numbers were still needed to win

96-410: A "star ball" numbered from 1 through 10, or ask for terminal-generated numbers. For an additional $ 1 per play, the bettor can add the "All-Star Bonus" option, which multiplies non-jackpot prizes by 2, 3, 4, or 5. The minimum Lotto America jackpot is $ 2 million; however, the game's initial jackpot was $ 15 million; the 13 members chose to augment the jackpot with funds from Hot Lotto, whose final jackpot

128-433: A Misplaced Pages article during a given time period. Such have been used for tools that for instance display the most popular articles of the day. Misplaced Pages pageviews of certain types of articles correlate with changes in stock market prices, box office success of movies, spread of disease among other applications of datamining . Since search engines directly influence what is popular on Misplaced Pages such statistics may provide

160-596: A more unfiltered and real-time view into what people are searching for on the Web and societal interests. For instance they can be used to gain insights into public anxiety and information seeking after or during events or for the identification of concepts with significant increase of interest from the public. In 2015, a study conducted by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) examined

192-557: A new format is implemented. Game changes often are made in hopes of increasing a game's membership. MUSL has retired several games, including 2by2, Ca$ hola (video lottery), Daily Millions, Lotto*America , Rolldown, and the Powerball scratchcard game; the latter was tied to a weekly television game show produced for two years in Hollywood, California called Powerball: The Game Show (hosted by Bob Eubanks ); then for two years from

224-453: A number of pages viewed or clicked on the site during the given time. Page views may be counted as part of web analytics . For the owner of the site, this information can be useful to see if any change in the "page" (such as the information or the way it is presented) results in more visits. If there are any advertisements on the page, the publishers would also be interested in the number of page views to determine their expected revenue from

256-542: A recent incident, called 'page view fraud', compromised the accuracy of measurement of page view by boosting the page view. Perpetrators used a tool called 'a bot' to buy fake page-views for attention, recognition, and feedback, increasing the site's value. As a result, some people already started building alternatives to measure audiences, such as "Ophan", saying that the page view is becoming passe. Fake page views can reflect bots instead of humans. Misplaced Pages provides tools that allow one to see how many people have visited

288-435: A replacement for the scandal-tarred Hot Lotto game; each of the 13 members of Lotto America offered Hot Lotto when it ended on October 28, 2017. The original version of Lotto America held its first drawing on February 13, 1988. The game was a $ 1-per-play, pick-7-of-40 game, rather than the pick-6 games that had become wildly popular in U.S. lotteries. Matching four numbers won a fixed prize of $ 5; matching at least five won

320-551: A single HTML file ( web page ) of an Internet site . On the World Wide Web , a page request would result from a web surfer clicking on a link on another page pointing to the page in question. In contrast, a hit refers to a request for any file from a web server . Therefore, there may be many hits per page view since an HTML page can contain multiple files such as images , videos , JavaScripts , cascading style sheets (CSS), etc. On balance, page views refer to

352-552: A site makes publishers’ money, for an advertiser's view, CPM is being challenged in comparison to CPC or CPA in terms of adverts’ efficiency because visiting does not mean clicking the ads. The preferred way to count page views is using a web analytics software. They can measure the number of pages on any site and therefore, it helps people to receive a rough estimate of page views on web sites. There are also many other page view measurement tools available including open source ones as well as licensed products. Hit ratio refers to

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384-507: Is CPM. It stands for 'Cost per thousand'(the M is the Roman numeral for 1,000) and it is commonly used metrics to measure page views divided by the thousands, that is, cost per 1000 views, used for the ad rates and thus, the less CPM is, the better deal it offers to advertisers. However, there has been a growing concern that CPM is not as trustworthy as it looks in the advertising market because, although, with CPM arrangement, everyone who visits

416-400: Is used to draw the "Star Ball". As of December 2018, none of the actual drawings have been made available to the viewing public; a computer-generated display of the drawings is shown on an unofficial website. Pageview In web analytics and website management , a pageview or page view , abbreviated in business to PV and occasionally called page impression , is a request to load

448-748: The Ohio Lottery ) and Powerball (via the Pennsylvania Lottery ) before the agreement and continues to be the only retailer to sell tickets for both states' lotteries. As of 2016, Powerball and Mega Millions were both offered in 46 jurisdictions, including the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands . Powerball is also offered in Puerto Rico , where Mega Millions is not currently offered. Besides Powerball, MUSL has operated

480-582: The Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas , called Powerball Instant Millionaire (hosted by Todd Newton . 2by2 was played in a similar fashion as Daily Millions was, but with a smaller top prize. The Hot Lotto game was retired on October 28, 2017, with a new version of Lotto*America replacing it on November 12. In September 2007, MUSL launched Midwest Millions , a scratch ticket game, in Iowa and Kansas ; it

512-760: The 12 Mega Millions consortium lotteries began selling Powerball tickets. The consortium members did not join MUSL; they were licensed by MUSL to sell Powerball, and the consortium coordinates their Powerball participation with MUSL. Likewise, MUSL members may offer Mega Millions through a special MUSL product group that coordinates with the Mega Millions consortium. Before the agreement, the only places that sold both Mega Millions and Powerball tickets were retailers that sat on state lines and offered multiple lotteries; one retailer on U.S. Route 62 straddling Sharon, Pennsylvania and Masury, Ohio sold both Mega Millions (via

544-527: The 35th state to join in 2019, with ticket sales planned for 2020. The 38 MUSL members, alphabetically (and when joined): Lotto America Lotto America is an American multi-state lottery game that began in 2017. It is operated by the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL) as a revival of the original Lotto America, offered from 1988 to 1992. Lotto America was re-launched by 13 state lotteries on November 12, 2017, as

576-674: The Hot Lotto and 2by2 draw games, and the Monopoly Millionaires' Club scratch-game series, including the MMC television game show ; the game show aired its final episode in April 2016. (Wild Card held its final drawing on February 24, 2016). Since MUSL games are multi-jurisdictional, these games need unanimous approval before one is changed. In other words, game changes for Mega Millions (46 members) or 2by2 (three members) must be approved by all lotteries offering that game before

608-542: The Multi-State Lottery Association until 2004. The Multi-State Lottery Associations' rapidly growing population base resulted in the replacement of Lotto America in April 1992 with Powerball . § One of the founding members of the Multi-State Lottery Association composed the original lineup for Lotto America. Due to falling sales of Hot Lotto in the wake of the Hot Lotto fraud scandal ,

640-432: The Powerball website and the websites for more than a dozen U.S. lotteries. The Powerball website averages over 350,000 pageviews per day (over 10.5 million monthly.) MUSL provides these services to the lotteries at no cost. MUSL earns its income from non-game sources such as earnings on its accounts, bond swaps, and licensing of its trademarks. MUSL owns the patents and trademarks involved in its operations, holding them for

672-499: The ads. For this reason, it is a term that is used widely for Internet marketing and advertising . The page impression has long been a measure of user activity on a website. However, the activity is not necessarily associated with loading a complete HTML page. Modern programming techniques can serve pages by other means that don't show as HTTP requests. Since page views help estimate the popularity of sites, it helps determine their value for advertising revenue. The most common metric

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704-616: The behavior of the RNG, allowing Tipton to predict the numbers that would be drawn. The MUSL gaming software had been approved by Gaming Laboratories International. MUSL's membership consists of 38 lotteries (including those of the District of Columbia , Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) which offered Powerball prior to the January 31, 2010 beginning of cross-selling with the 12 lotteries operating Mega Millions . Mississippi became

736-433: The benefit of its members. MUSL's former director is Chuck Strutt, who was the association's first employee in 1987. Strutt directly responded to players and writes MUSL's unusual FAQ , which elicits strong responses from readers who may find it humorous or insulting. MUSL games operate under the same core game rules in each jurisdiction; however, each lottery is free to vary rules pertaining to such things as purchase age,

768-488: The claim period, and some validation processes. In December 2010, a jackpot-winning ticket for the Hot Lotto jackpot was purchased near MUSL headquarters. However, the ticket was not claimed until just before the Iowa Lottery's one-year deadline. At that time, an attorney from New York state attempted to claim the jackpot on behalf of a Belize trust . The trust later decided not to pursue the claim, to avoid revealing

800-489: The game was discontinued and the final drawing was held on October 28, 2017. As a replacement, a new version of Lotto America became available on November 12, 2017; its first drawing was November 15, 2017. Lotto America is available wherever Hot Lotto was offered at the time of its final drawing, except New Hampshire. Lotto America is drawn on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday nights before 10:15 p.m. ET/9:15 p.m. CT. For each $ 1 play, bettors choose five numbers from 1 through 52, and

832-492: The lowest prize tier. This version was entirely parimutuel. In some of its jurisdictions, Lotto America was known by a different, "more local" name. For instance, in Minnesota , it was called Lotto Minnesota . [1] Several states joined the Multi-State Lottery Association during the era of Lotto America. One of them, Maine , decided to leave the Multi-State Lottery Association when Lotto America ended; Maine did not rejoin

864-530: The percentage of computer memory accesses (number of HTTPS requests delivered per requests received) that are found in certain levels of the memory hierarchy . In other words, it is a measure of content requests that a web caching system can deliver successfully from its cache storage, compared to how many requests it receives. There are two types of hit ratios: Despite a wide range of uses of page view, it has come in for criticisms. Page view can be manipulated or boosted for specific purposes. For example,

896-484: The purchaser's identity. In January 2015, Edward Tipton, MUSL's Director of Information Security, was arrested. Authorities determined that he was the purchaser by reviewing a convenience store's video footage. In March 2015, a second man, Robert Rhodes, from Texas, was arrested in connection to the fraud. Tipton was convicted in July 2015 of two counts of fraud and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He posted $ 10,000 bond and

928-592: Was not won. While Hot Lotto used a random number generator during most of its run (including the December 2010 drawing whose jackpot was "won" by Eddie Tipton, a MUSL employee), Lotto America is believed to be drawn in Tallahassee , Florida (even though the Florida Lottery does not offer the game), using physical ball machines and numbered balls; one machine draws the five main numbers while another

960-512: Was released pending appeal. Authorities suspected that Tipton rigged drawings in at least four states, and as a result of their investigation he was charged in October 2015 for crimes in 2005 and 2007. Eddie Tipton was sentenced to 25 years in an Iowa court in 2017 for gaming multiple lotteries by installing a rootkit in the computer running the RNG used by MUSL for the drawings. The rootkit changed

992-519: Was the country's first multi-jurisdictional scratch game since the Powerball television game shows. Midwest Millions returned in 2008 and 2009. Ca$ hola was retired on May 15, 2011, when its 37th jackpot was won. A replacement multi-jurisdictional video lottery game, MegaHits , began on July 15, 2011, in Delaware, Rhode Island, and West Virginia, the three lotteries which offered Ca$ hola; MegaHits

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1024-613: Was then added in Maryland and Ohio. MegaHits ended on July 31, 2018. MUSL provides a variety of services for lotteries, including game design, management of game finances, production and up-linking of drawings, the development of common minimum information technology and security standards and inspections of lottery vendor sites; the building of a quantum-based random number generator (RNG), coordination of common promotions and advertisements, coordination of public relations, and emergency back-drawing sites for lottery games. MUSL also hosts

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