31-809: Mohan Singh (4 March 1945 – 22 September 2013) was an Indian politician from the Samajwadi Party . He was elected three times to the Lok Sabha from Deoria in Uttar Pradesh . He was the General Secretary of the Samajwadi Party. He died on 22 September 2013, due to cancer, in Aiims, Delhi. Mohan Singh Gaikwad, son of Manikrao Gaikwad was born in the village Jainagar, Deoria district in 1945. During his college life, Mohan Singh
62-509: A multi-party system . The Election Commission of India (ECI) accord to national-level and state-level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state, or national elections are required to be registered by
93-411: A precedent in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India , due to which such abuse has been drastically reduced. Article 356 is not applicable to Union territories, so there are many ways by which President's rule can be imposed in different Union territories with a Legislative Assembly. Until the come back Article 370 in 31 dec 2024 and bifurcation into two Union territories, President's rule applied after
124-603: A state. According to this provision, the president's rule can only be extended over a year, under the following conditions: President's rule can be revoked at any time by the President and does not need Parliament's approval. Until the mid-1990s, President's rule was often imposed in states through the abuse of authority of Governors who were in collusion with the Union government. The Supreme Court of India in March 1994 established
155-465: A wider debate of the federal structure of government in Indian polity. The Sarkaria Commission Report on Centre-State Relations 1983 has recommended that Article 356 must be used "very sparingly, in extreme cases, as a measure of last resort, when all the other alternatives fail to prevent or rectify a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the state". B. R. Ambedkar also said that it would be like
186-757: Is applied on the basis of Article 239AB of the Constitution of India (as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories) which reads thus: 239AB. - If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor or otherwise, is satisfied— (a)that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the National Capital Territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of article 239AA or of any law made in pursuance of that article; or (b)that for
217-561: Is known to have imposed President's rule 39 times in different states. Similarly, the Janata Party which came to power after the emergency issued President's rule in 9 states which were ruled by Congress. The practice was limited only after the Supreme Court established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule in its ruling on the S. R. Bommai v. Union of India case in 1994. This landmark judgement has helped curtail
248-414: Is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act for such period as he thinks fit and makes such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in accordance with the provisions of this Act. In NCT of Delhi, President's rule
279-486: The Constitution of India , if a state government is unable to function according to Constitutional provisions, the Union government can take direct control of the state machinery. Subsequently, executive authority is exercised through the centrally appointed governor , who has the authority to appoint other administrators to assist them. The administrators are usually nonpartisan retired civil servants not native to
310-485: The Election Commission of India recommends that elections are not possible. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved during this time, the rule is valid for 30 days from the first sitting of the new Lok Sabha provided that this continuance has already been approved by Rajya Sabha . The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced a new provision to put a restraint on the power of Parliament to extend the President's rule in
341-650: The Socialist Party on the language issue. He was jailed along with Madhu Limaye for participating in Satyagraha in 1973. Singh was elected to numerous Indian constitutional posts including serving as a member of Parliament thrice—elected to 10th Lok Sabha (1991–96), re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term) (1998) and Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (3rd term). He was also a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly during
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#1732786753954372-535: The Constitution of India can be imposed. After the revocation of Article 370 , President's rule applies to Jammu and Kashmir under section 73 (since Article 356 of Constitution of India does not apply to union territories) of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 . Following the 1994 landmark judgment in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India , the Supreme Court of India restricted arbitrary impositions of President's rule. Chhattisgarh and Telangana are
403-490: The EC. All 28 states of the country along with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir , National Capital Territory of Delhi , and Puducherry have elected governments unless President's rule is imposed under certain condition. A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfills any one of the three conditions listed below: A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of
434-519: The Election Commission of India. Registered parties are upgraded as recognised national parties or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The recognised party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI. Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill
465-616: The National Capital Territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239 and article 239AA. In the Union Territory of Puducherry, President's rule is applied on the basis of Article 51 of the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963 . Which thus reads 51. - If the President, on receipt of a report from the Administrator of the Union territory or otherwise, is satisfied,― (a) that a situation has arisen in which
496-401: The President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, or otherwise, is satisfied,— (a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or (b) that for the proper administration of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir it
527-408: The Union territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239. Article 356 gives wide powers to the Union government to assert its authority over a state if civil unrest occurs and the state government does not have the means to end it. Though the purpose of this article is to give more powers to the Union government to preserve the unity and integrity of the nation, it has often been misused by
558-546: The Vidhan Sabha is either prorogued or dissolved , necessitating a new election. Prior to 2019, the constitution of the state of Jammu and Kashmir had a similar system of Governor's rule , under its Section 92. The state's governor issued a proclamation, after obtaining the consent of the President of India allowing Governor's rule for a period of up to six months after which President's rule under Article 356 of
589-466: The administration of the Union territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or (b) that for the proper administration of the Union territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act for such period as he thinks fit and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering
620-450: The application of Governor's rule under the erstwhile state's constitution for 6 months. After the revocation and bifurcation, the reorganized Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is subject to the section 73 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019 , which is used to impose President's rule as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories. The provision states: 73. If
651-408: The criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a recognised party. In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election. Therefore, a political party shall retain the recognised party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if they fail to meet
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#1732786753954682-408: The criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status. As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties, 58 state parties, and 2,763 unrecognised parties. All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by
713-411: The five conditions listed below: Minority rights Hindutva Hindu Nationalism Marathi Regionalism Social Conservatism Conservatism Ultranationalism Economic Nationalism Right-wing populism President%27s rule In India , President's rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Union government rule in a state . Under Article 356 of
744-465: The only states where the President's rule has never been imposed so far. In practice, President's rule has been imposed in a State under any one of the following different circumstances: If approved by both Houses, President's rule can continue for 6 months. It can be extended for a maximum of 3 years with the approval of the Parliament done every 6 months; however it can be extended repeatedly if
775-466: The proper administration of the National Capital Territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may by order suspend the operation of any provision of Article 239AA or of all or any of the provisions of any law made in pursuance of that article for such period and subject to such conditions as maybe specified in such law and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering
806-482: The ruling parties at the centre, who used it as a pretext to dissolve state governments ruled by political opponents. Thus, it is seen by many as a threat to the federal state system. Since the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950, the Union government has used this 134 times to dissolve elected state governments by imposing President's rule. The article was used for the first time in Punjab on 20 June 1951. It
837-548: The state. When a state government is functioning correctly, it is run by an elected Council of Ministers responsible to the state's legislative assembly ( Vidhan Sabha ). The council is led by the chief minister , who is the chief executive of the state; the Governor is only a constitutional head. However, during President's rule, the Council of Ministers is dissolved, later on vacating the office of Chief Minister. Furthermore,
868-470: The widespread abuse of Article 356. The judgement established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule. Subsequent pronouncements by the Supreme Court in Jharkhand and other states have further limited the scope for misuse of Article 356. Only since the early 2000s has the number of cases of imposition of President's rule has been drastically reduced. Article 356 has always been the focal point of
899-675: The year 1977–80 and Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1980–85). Apart from these tenures, he had been member of numerous parliamentary committees including Committee on Public Undertakings (1983–85), Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council (1990–91), Committee of Privileges, Business Advisory Committee (1998–99), Committee on Official Language, Committee on Home Affairs and its Subcommittee on Swatantrata Sainik Samman Pension Scheme, Committee of Privileges, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Tourism, Committee on Rural Development, House Committee. List of political parties in India India has
930-532: Was also used in the state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) and during the Vimochana Samaram to dismiss the democratically elected Communist state government of Kerala on 31 July 1959. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was common for the Union government to dismiss state governments led by opposition parties. The Indira Gandhi regime and post-emergency Janata Party were noted for this practice. Indira Gandhi's government between 1966 and 1977
961-663: Was president of the Allahabad University Students' Union during 1968–69 and was largely inspired by the father of the Indian socialist movement Raj Narain and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and later with Madhu Limaye . After college, he was detained for 20 months during an emergency for taking part in Raj Narain and Jayaprakash Narayan 's movement. He was also imprisoned several times while taking part in student protests in 1966, once for occupying Anand Bhavan , Allahabad , and also in an agitation launched by