50-548: (Redirected from Monongalia ) Monongalia County has been the name of two counties in the United States: Monongalia County, West Virginia Monongalia County, Minnesota , dissolved in 1871 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
100-598: A Manual of Parliamentary Practice for the Use of the Senate of the United States , generally known as Jefferson's Manual , in 1801. Notes includes some of Jefferson's most memorable statements of belief in political, legal, and constitutional principles like the separation of church and state, constitutional government, checks and balances, and individual liberty. Jefferson meticulously documented, to his abilities,
150-433: A family was $ 62,966. Males had a median income of $ 43,383 versus $ 32,164 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 23,116. About 8.6% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2000, there were 81,866 people, 33,446 households, and 18,495 families living in the county. The population density
200-535: A limited print run and other arrangements. Notes was anonymously published in Paris in a limited private edition of 200 copies in 1785. A French translation by Abbé Morellet appeared in 1787 (though with an imprint date of 1786). Its first public edition, issued by John Stockdale in London, began to be sold in 1787. It was the only full-length book by Jefferson published that was during his lifetime though he issued
250-424: A society in which Blacks were free . It was the only full-length book that Jefferson published during his lifetime. He first had it published anonymously in Paris by Philippe Denis Pierres in 1785 while Jefferson serving the U.S. government as a trade representative . A French translation by Abbé Morellet appeared in 1787. In London , John Stockdale published it in 1787 after Jefferson had come to terms for
300-666: Is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia . As of the 2020 census , the population was 105,822, making it West Virginia's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Morgantown . The county was founded in 1776. Monongalia County is included in the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , and is the largest county in North-Central West Virginia . It is part of the Pittsburgh media market . Monongalia County takes its name from
350-548: Is also home to West Virginia's largest university, West Virginia University , located in Morgantown . 39°38′N 80°03′W / 39.63°N 80.05°W / 39.63; -80.05 Notes on the State of Virginia Notes on the State of Virginia (1785) is a book written by the American statesman, philosopher, and planter Thomas Jefferson . He completed the first version in 1781 and updated and enlarged
400-584: Is among possible events: that it may become probable by supernatural interference! The almighty has no attribute which can take side with us in such a contest." He concluded the chapter stating that he hoped social conditions in America were turning in favor of "total emancipation", though he hoped this would occur by "the consent of the masters, rather than by their extirpation." Jefferson included discussion on America's potential naval capacity because of its extensive natural resources. The section would be used by
450-728: Is only secular and should not have anything to do with religion. That led later to charges of atheism leveled at him by his opponents in Federalist newspapers before the nasty election of 1800. They quoted his European-published Notes on Virginia as proof that he was godless. Jefferson addressed the authority of government and laws: The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods, or no god. It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg. However, in Query XVIII, he also addressed
500-494: The Historia Naturalis Brasiliae and argued that the honeybee was not native to North America. The text is divided into 23 chapters, which Jefferson termed "Queries," each describing a different aspect of Virginia. Notes on the State of Virginia contained Jefferson's firm belief in citizens' rights to express themselves freely without fear of government or church reprisal and that government's role
550-714: The Monongahela River . The name Monongalia may be a misspelling of Monongahela. Alternatively, the conventional Latinate ending "-ia" (designating "land of..." or "country of..." — as in Arabia , Bolivia or Colombia ) may have been added to Monongahela (i.e., "Land of the Monongahela"). Monongalia County was formed in 1776 when Virginia 's remote District of West Augusta was divided into three counties: Ohio , Yohogania and Monongalia, all named for their most prominent rivers. Ohio County then encompassed most of
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#1732782808616600-521: The 2020 presidential election, by far Biden's best county-level performance in the state. Its competitiveness is due to its seat, Morgantown, home of the West Virginia University , being solidly Democratic and the county's rural precincts being solidly Republican. The rural precincts are slightly more populous, resulting in the county's Republican tilt. The county's public schools are operated by Monongalia County Schools . The county
650-557: The Federalist William Loughton Smith to embarrass Republican anti-navalists during debate in 1796 over whether to continue the construction of the original six frigates of the United States Navy . Smith claimed that others believed that commerce required a navy to protect it, and he read a lengthy extract from Jefferson's Notes to prove that the country could support a much larger navy than
700-542: The Federalists wanted to build. That occasioned Republican accusations that Smith had taken Jefferson out of context or claims that Jefferson was mistaken in his understanding. Jefferson's observations on the climate of Virginia in Chapter 7 noted the recent climate change , which included warming: A change in our climate however is taking place very sensibly. Both heats and colds are become much more moderate within
750-400: The State of Virginia , Thomas Jefferson gave the militia enrollment of what was then the vast Monongalia County at 1,000 troops. In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships , with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts . Monongalia County
800-540: The United States in the early 1800s, many of whom brought their slaves. In addition, uprisings such as that of Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia , were often led by literate blacks. Jefferson and some other slaveholders embraced the idea of "colonization" by arranging for transportation of free blacks to Africa, including those born in the United States. In 1816, the American Colonization Society
850-406: The age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 49.6% were non-families, and 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 29.1 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 39,167 and the median income for
900-427: The age of 18 living with them, 43.80% were married couples living together, 8.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.70% were non-families. 31.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.91. In the county, the population was spread out, with 18.20% under
950-471: The age of 18, 23.40% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 20.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.20 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 28,625, and the median income for a family was $ 43,628. Males had a median income of $ 33,113 versus $ 23,828 for females. The per capita income for
1000-475: The assertions of such a man, will pass away into oblivion unobserved by this people and the world?... I say, that unless we try to refute Mr. Jefferson's arguments respecting us, we will only establish them. He went on to state: Mr. Jefferson's very severe remarks on us have been so extensively argued upon by men whose attainments in literature, I shall never be able to reach, that I would not have meddled with it, were it not to solicit each of my brethren, who has
1050-444: The blacks into the state, and thus save the expense of supplying, by importation of white settlers, the vacancies they will leave? Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections, by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new provocations; the real distinctions which nature has made; and many other circumstances, will divide us into parties, and produce convulsions which will probably never end but in
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#17327828086161100-710: The book in 1782 and 1783. It originated in Jefferson's responses to questions about Virginia , part of a series of questions posed to each of the thirteen states in 1780 by François Barbé-Marbois , the secretary of the French delegation in Philadelphia , the temporary capital of the Continental Congress . Notes on the State of Virginia is both a compilation of data by Jefferson about the state's natural resources and economy and his vigorous argument about
1150-511: The charges of atheism and the charges of an affair with a 15-year-old slave, Sally Hemings , published in newspapers by Federalists supporters put his belief in a free press and free speech to the test. His predecessor, John Adams , had angrily counterattacked the press and his vocal opponents by passing chilling Alien and Sedition Acts . Jefferson, in contrast, worked tirelessly to overturn what he viewed as tyrannical limits on free speech and free press except for when he asked Thomas McKean ,
1200-456: The county was $ 17,106. About 11.30% of families and 22.80% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.90% of those under age 18 and 8.00% of those age 65 or over. The county government consists of a county commission with three members. Currently, these members are: Thomas Bloom (D) , Sean Sikora (R) and Jeffery Arnett (D). While still typically favoring Republicans, the county tends to lean significantly more Democratic than
1250-444: The county was 85% White , 3.9% African American , 3.5% Asian , 0.2% Native American , 1.1% from other races , and 6.1% from two or more races . Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.1% of the population. There were 42,710 households, of which 41% were married couples living together, 25.4% had a male householder with no spouse present, 25.3% had a female householder with no spouse present.The average household and family size
1300-424: The county was 91.0% white, 3.6% black or African American, 3.1% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 25.7% were German , 17.1% were Irish , 13.0% were English , 11.0% were Italian , 7.5% were American , and 5.0% were Polish . Of the 39,777 households, 22.0% had children under
1350-407: The course of the winter, scarcely ever do so now. This change has produced an unfortunate fluctuation between heat and cold, in the spring of the year, which is very fatal to fruits. From the year 1741 to 1769, an interval of twenty-eight years, there was no instance of fruit killed by the frost in the neighbourhood of Monticello. An intense cold, produced by constant snows, kept the buds locked up till
1400-402: The desire of whites to remove free blacks: from among those of our brethren whom they unjustly hold in bondage, so that they may be enabled to keep them the more secure in ignorance and wretchedness, to support them and their children, and consequently they would have the more obedient slave. For if the free are allowed to stay among the slave, they will have intercourse together, and, of course,
1450-584: The discussion toward Africans by referring to what he called "the real distinctions which nature has made" between people of European descent and people of African descent. He later expressed his opposition to slavery in "Manners" (Query XVIII-18). Jefferson's proposal for resettling freed blacks in a colony in Africa expressed the mentality and anxieties of some American slaveholders after the American Revolutionary War , which contrasted with
1500-588: The extermination of the one or the other race. Some slaveowners feared race wars could ensue upon emancipation least because of natural retaliation by blacks for the injustices under their long period of slavery. Jefferson may have thought his fears to be justified after the Haitian Revolution , which was marked by widespread violence in the mass uprising of slaves against white colonists and free people of color in their fight for independence. Thousands of white and free people of color came as refugees to
1550-505: The free will learn the slaves bad habits , by teaching them that they are MEN, as well as other people, and certainly ought and must be FREE. Jefferson's passages about slavery and blacks in Notes were referred to and disputed by Walker in the Appeal . Walker valued Jefferson as "one of as great characters as ever lived among the whites" but opposed Jefferson's ideas: Do you believe that
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1600-514: The governor of Pennsylvania , to have Federalist newspapermen indicted for libel by claiming that it was necessary to prevent licentious abuses of free speech. Jefferson later lamented the anguish caused by his political enemies but never denied their charges, including those in Notes on Virginia , and he never gave up his fight for "Republican principles" to shield the common man from state or religious oppression. In "Laws" (Query XIV-14), Jefferson redirected questions about slavery by focusing
1650-468: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monongalia_County&oldid=933001823 " Category : United States county name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Monongalia County, West Virginia Monongalia County , known locally as Mon County ,
1700-410: The memory even of the middle-aged. Snows are less frequent and less deep. They do not often lie, below the mountains, more than one, two, or three days, and very rarely a week. They are remembered to have been formerly frequent, deep, and of long continuance. The elderly inform me the earth used to be covered with snow about three months in every year. The rivers, which then seldom failed to freeze over in
1750-636: The natural resources of Virginia and fiercely opposed the proposition of the French naturalist Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon , whose authoritative Histoire Naturelle stated that nature, plant life, animal life, and human life degenerate in the New World in contrast with their state in the Old World . Jefferson noted the 1648 work of scientists Georg Marcgraf and Willem Piso , whose work on natural history in Dutch Brazil resulted in
1800-459: The nature of society, human rights, and government. Supporters of abolition considered his thoughts on blacks and slavery to be obstacles to achieving equal rights for free blacks in the United States. People argued against Jefferson's ideas long after he died. For instance, the abolitionist David Walker , a free black, opposed the colonization movement. In Article IV of his Appeal (1830), Walker stated that free blacks considered colonization to be
1850-404: The nature of the good society, which he believed to be incarnated by Virginia. He expressed his beliefs in the separation of church and state , constitutional government , checks and balances , and individual liberty . He also wrote extensively about slavery , his dislike of miscegenation , justifications of white supremacy , and his belief that Whites and Black Americans could not co-exist in
1900-881: The number of free blacks in Virginia rose from about 1,800 in 1782 to 30,466, or 7.2% of the total black population in 1810. In the Upper South, more than 10% of blacks had been free by 1810. However, millions of slaves still remained in bondage in the South, and freedmen faced high levels of racism in the North. The South would keep slavery until after the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation . In "Laws", Jefferson wrote: It will probably be asked, Why not retain and incorporate
1950-456: The presumed retribution for lack of theistic respect: Can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are the gift of God? That they are not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep forever.... The biographer Joseph J. Ellis noted that Jefferson thought that
2000-412: The rest of West Virginia. In the 20th century, Monongalia County had been a bellwether for West Virginia, voting the same as the state in every election from 1916 to 2024 , even as the candidate lost the national election, with the sole exception of 2008 when Barack Obama won the county and lost the state. Donald Trump carried the county with just over 500 more votes than Democrat Joe Biden in
2050-466: The rising sentiment among some other American slave owners to emancipate their slaves because of the hypocrisy in fighting for independence while they held thousands of blacks in bondage. Numerous northern states abolished slavery altogether. Several southern states, including Virginia in 1782, made manumissions easier. So many slaveholders in Virginia freed slaves between the 1780s and the 1800s, sometimes in their will and others during their lifetime, that
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2100-403: The spirit of a man, to buy a copy of Mr. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, and put it in the hand of his son. For let no one of us suppose that the refutations which have been written by our white friends are enough—they are whites —we are blacks . We, and the world wish to see the charges of Mr. Jefferson refuted by the blacks themselves , according to their chance; for we must remember that what
2150-409: The sun could obtain, in the spring of the year, so fixed an ascendency as to dissolve those snows, and protect the buds, during their development, from every danger of returning cold. The accumulated snows of the winter remaining to be dissolved all together in the spring, produced those overflowings of our rivers, so frequent then, and so rare now. Jefferson's work inspired others by his reflections on
2200-746: The western region of the district bordering the Ohio River , including parts of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania . Yohogania County consisted of much of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania and the present counties of Hancock and the northern part of Brooke in West Virginia. Monongalia County also encompassed what are now the counties of Tucker , Randolph , Marion , Harrison and Barbour in north-central West Virginia, as well as parts of what are now Washington , Greene and Fayette Counties in Pennsylvania. In 1780, in his Notes on
2250-515: The work would be unknown in the United States since he did not publish it in North America and kept his authorship anonymous in Europe. He exchanged letters with friends and was worried what they would think about his authorship of such a religious heresy. They supported him in response. Jefferson did not respond at all to the mud-slinging charges. He won the presidential election anyway, but
2300-490: Was 227 people per square mile (88 people/km ). There were 36,695 housing units at an average density of 102 per square mile (39/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 92.22% White , 3.38% Black or African American , 0.20% Native American , 2.45% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.32% from other races , and 1.39% from two or more races. 1.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 33,446 households, out of which 24.20% had children under
2350-430: Was 3.06. The median age in the county was 33 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 56,374. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 96,189 people, 39,777 households, and 20,032 families living in the county. The population density was 267.1 inhabitants per square mile (103.1/km ). There were 43,238 housing units at an average density of 120.1 per square mile (46.4/km ). The racial makeup of
2400-417: Was demoralizing to both whites and blacks and that man is an "imitative animal". Jefferson included a warning about the potential for slave rebellions if slavery was not abolished, writing "Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep for ever: that considering numbers, nature and natural means only, a revolution of the wheel of fortune, an exchange of situation
2450-508: Was divided into seven districts: Battelle, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Grant, Morgan, and Union. After a century of relative stability, in the 1970s Monongalia's seven historic magisterial districts were consolidated into three new Districts: Central, Eastern, and Western. As of the 2020 census , there were 105,882 people and 42,710 households residing in the city. There were 49,881 housing units in Monongalia County. The racial makeup of
2500-473: Was founded in a collaboration by abolitionists and slaveholders. Jefferson also stated his belief that blacks were inferior to whites in terms of beauty, intelligence, artistry, imagination, and odor: The improvement of the blacks in body and mind, in the first instance of their mixture with the whites, has been observed by every one, and proves that their inferiority is not the effect merely of their condition of life. In "Manners", Jefferson wrote that slavery
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