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61-524: In September 2014, the Montoursville Area School Board approved a plan to spend over $ 35.9 million to do extensive renovations to the high school building including adding two floors. The project has since been completed in 2017. The renovated building will change the main entrance to Mulberry Street. There will also be a new auditorium to include a theater and lobby area. Sports facilities will be added. This renovation has provided

122-419: A springboard . Harnessing the energy of the spring, the gymnast directs their body hands-first toward the vault. Body position is maintained while "popping" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates their body to land standing on the far side of the vault. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on

183-608: A "low beam" close to the floor. By the 1920s, the beam was raised much higher due to Swedish influence on the sport. Gymnasts perform routines ranging from 70 to 90 seconds long, consisting of leaps, acrobatic skills, turns, and dance elements on a padded spring beam. Apparatus norms set by the FIG specify that the beam must be 125 cm (4 ft) high, 500 cm (16 ft) long, and 10 cm (3.9 in) wide. The event requires balance, flexibility, and strength. Of all gymnastics apparatuses—men's or women's—balance beam has proven

244-581: A 90-second choreographed routine to instrumental music. Their routines include tumbling passes, jumps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns. Elite gymnasts may perform up to four tumbling passes. On the men's side, the gymnasts who have won the most Olympic or World Championship titles on floor are Marian Drăgulescu of Romania, with four (along with Roland Brückner , if the Alternate Olympics are included). Ihor Korobchynskyi , Vitaly Scherbo , and Kenzō Shirai have three titles each. On

305-403: A circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on preference). To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on typical circling skills by turning ("moores" and "spindles") or by straddling their legs ( "flares" ). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount by swinging his body over the horse or landing after a handstand. The gymnasts who have won

366-476: A few decades. For male gymnasts, the Olympic order is: For female gymnasts, the Olympic order is: The vault is both an event and the primary equipment used in that event. Unlike most gymnastic events employing apparatuses, the vault is standard in men's and women's competitions, with little difference. A gymnast sprints down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 m (82 ft) in length, before leaping onto

427-478: A firm surface that will respond with force when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve extra height and a softer landing than possible on a regular floor. Men perform without music for 60 to 70 seconds and must touch each floor corner at least once during their routine. Their routines include tumbling passes demonstrating flexibility, strength, balance, and power. They must also show non-acrobatic skills, including circles, scales, and press handstands. Women perform

488-474: A larger blocking surface—and is, therefore, safer than the old vaulting horse. This new, safer apparatus led gymnasts to attempt more difficult vaults. On the men's side, the gymnasts who have won the most Olympic or World Championship titles on vault are Marian Drăgulescu of Romania and Ri Se-gwang of North Korea, with four titles each. Yang Hak-seon , Eugen Mack , Alexei Nemov , Vitaly Scherbo , Li Xiaopeng , and Lou Yun have each won three titles. On

549-421: A particular sport will determine how many different classifications there will be. For example, boys' volleyball, the sport with the smallest number of participating schools, only has a AA or AAA classification. By comparison, boys' basketball, which has the largest number of participating schools, has A, AA, AAA, AAAA, AAAAA, AAAAAA classifications. The number of A's signify how large or small the school is; Class A

610-626: A precursor to other later interventions. Although some predicted the legislation would lead to a merger of the PCIAA and PIAA, so many Catholic schools opted into the PIAA on their own that, two years later, after an abbreviated state basketball championship tournament in 1974, the PCIAA dissolved. In 2000, the legislature again intervened and created the Pennsylvania Athletic Oversight Committee (PAOC). The PAOC

671-657: A team event, women's gymnastics entered the Olympics in 1928 and the World Championships in 1950 . Individual women were recognized in the all-around as early as the 1934 World Championships. The existing women's program—all-around and event finals on the vault , uneven bars , balance beam , and floor exercise —was introduced at the 1950 World Championships and at the 1952 Summer Olympics . The earliest champions in women's gymnastics tended to be in their 20s, and most had studied ballet for years before entering

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732-638: A total of 36 new classrooms and labs. The Montoursville Area School District offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and an extensive, publicly funded sports program. The sports programs are associated with the Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference and the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association . The Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference is a voluntary association of 25 PIAA High Schools within

793-425: Is 4–3–3, meaning that of the four gymnasts on the team, three compete in each event, and all three scores count. In the all-around finals (abbreviated AA), gymnasts compete individually in all four or six events; their totals determine the all-around medals. Only two gymnasts per country may advance to the all-around finals from the qualification round. In the event finals (abbreviated EF) or apparatus finals ,

854-423: Is 4–4–3, meaning that all four gymnasts compete in each event, but only the top three scores count. Individual gymnasts may qualify for the all-around and event finals, but their scores do not count toward the team's total. In the team finals (abbreviated TF), gymnasts compete with their national squad on all four or six events. The scores from the session determine the medalists in the team competition. The format

915-400: Is a 17-member oversight committee consisting of administrators, coaches and legislators to review what some had seen as the PIAA's unrestricted authority. The new law also called for several reforms including switching to a competitive process for selecting sites for championship games, eliminating the restitution rule, which required school districts that lose court cases against the PIAA to pay

976-410: Is a list of PIAA sponsored sports championships. There are Pennsylvania schools that offer sports not fully sponsored by the PIAA, including gymnastics , ice hockey , bowling , rifle , water polo , and other Olympic sports . These sports are governed by other sport specific bodies that use similar PIAA rules for classification and eligibility, but are not officially recognized as state champions by

1037-738: Is divided into Eastern and Western regions. Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, and 12 usually make up the Eastern Region; Districts 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 usually constitute the Western Region. The winners of each region compete against each other for the state championship. However, since the creation of District 12 with the admission of the Philadelphia Public Schools into the PIAA, the East vs. West format has been abandoned for some sports in certain classifications, particularly at

1098-528: Is regulated by national federations such as British Gymnastics and USA Gymnastics . Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at many competitions, including the Summer Olympic Games . The gymnastic system was mentioned in writings by ancient authors, including Homer , Aristotle , and Plato . It included many disciplines that later became independent sports, such as swimming, racing , wrestling , boxing , and horse riding . It

1159-517: Is the smallest classification while AAAAAA is the largest. The PIAA tries to place an equal number of schools in each classification. Because the PIAA determines classifications separately for each gender in each sport, it is possible that a coeducational school may find its boys' and girls' teams in different classes in the same sport. Smaller schools can choose to compete at a higher classification—possible reasons are to maintain existing rivalries, or in rare cases to place their boys' and girls' teams in

1220-504: The 2008 Olympics , the silver medalist on vault, Oksana Chusovitina , was a 33-year-old mother. By the 2016 Olympics , the average age of female gymnasts was over 20, and it was almost 22 at the 2020 Olympics . Both male and female gymnasts are judged for execution, degree of difficulty , and overall presentation. In many competitions, especially high-level ones sanctioned by the FIG, gymnasts compete in " Olympic order ", which has changed over time but has stayed consistent for at least

1281-699: The artificial turf playing surface on the field. The football championships were moved to Hershey in 1998 to add to the tradition of PIAA championship competition near the state capital. Penn State University in State College hosts the baseball and softball championships. Altoona previously hosted the baseball championships at Peoples Natural Gas Field , home of the Altoona Curve of the Class AA Eastern League . The track and field championships are held at Seth Grove Stadium on

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1342-438: The basketball , wrestling , and competitive spirit championships. The Hershey Racquet Club hosts the tennis championships. In 2006, the PIAA announced that they had refused Hershey's application for a contract extension to host the basketball championships at Giant Center . Starting for the 2006–2007 season, the eight championship games will be played at Penn State 's Bryce Jordan Center . The PIAA cited monetary reasons for

1403-498: The qualification round (abbreviated TQ), gymnasts compete with their national squad in all four (WAG) or six (MAG) events. The scores from this session are not used to award medals but rather to determine which teams advance to the team finals and which individual gymnasts advance to the all-around and event finals. For the 2020 Olympics , teams will consist of four gymnasts, with up to two additional gymnasts per country allowed to compete as individuals. The format of team qualifications

1464-552: The Alternate Olympics are included. The parallel bars consist of two bars slightly further than shoulder-width apart and usually 1.75 m (5.7 ft) high. Gymnasts execute a series of swings, balancing moves, and releases that require strength and coordination. The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on parallel bars are Vladimir Artemov of the Soviet Union (5, including

1525-603: The Alternate Olympics are included. The uneven bars (known as asymmetric bars in the UK) were adapted by the Czechoslovakian Sokol from the men's parallel bars sometime before World War I and were shown in international exhibition for the first time at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. They consist of two horizontal bars set at different heights. Gymnasts perform swings, pirouettes, transition moves between

1586-474: The Alternate Olympics) and Li Xiaopeng and Zou Jingyuan of China (4). Li Jing and Vitaly Scherbo have each won three titles. The horizontal bar (also known as the high bar) is a 2.4 cm (0.94 in) thick steel bar raised 2.5 m (8.2 ft) above the ground. The gymnast performs 'giants' (360-degree revolutions around the bar), release skills, twists, and direction changes. Using

1647-481: The Class AAAA level where there are more large schools in the East. For example, in PIAA football, District 3 schools compete in the early rounds of the state playoffs against Philadelphia schools in some classes, and against Pittsburgh schools in others. The PIAA sponsors 16 boys' sports and 16 girls' sports. However, the PIAA only sponsors state championships for 12 boys' sports and 12 girls' sports. The following

1708-527: The Code of Points and evolving popular opinion in the sport, led to the return of older gymnasts. While there are still gymnasts who are successful as teenagers, it is common to see gymnasts competing and winning medals well into their 20s. At the 2004 Olympics , women captained both the second-place American team and the third-place Russians in their mid-20s; several other teams, including those from Australia, France, and Canada, included older gymnasts as well. At

1769-620: The Code of Points and the gymnast's strengths, compulsory routines were created and choreographed by the FIG Technical Committee. The dance and tumbling skills were generally less demanding than those in optional routines, but perfect technique, form, and execution were heavily emphasized. Scoring was exacting, with judges taking deductions for even slight deviations from the required choreography. For this reason, many gymnasts and coaches considered compulsories more challenging than optionals. Compulsory exercises were eliminated at

1830-414: The Olympics until 1928 . The World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , held since 1903, were only open to men until 1934 . Since then, two branches of artistic gymnastics have developed: women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and men's artistic gymnastics (MAG). Unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, WAG and MAG differ significantly in technique and apparatuses used at major competitions. As

1891-615: The PIAA. The PIAA took over jurisdiction of both boys' and girls' lacrosse in July 2008. Indoor Track and Field is not sponsored by the PIAA, but allowed under PIAA rules. The PTFCA governs indoor track and field instead of the PIAA in Pennsylvania. Every two years, the PIAA divides the member schools into two to six different classifications for each sport, depending on the number of male or female students enrolled in each school. The number of statewide member schools participating in

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1952-467: The all-around. The team event is not contested in other meets, such as on the World Cup circuit . Since 1989, competitions have used the "new life" rule, under which scores from one session do not carry over to the next. In other words, a gymnast's performance in team finals does not affect their scores in the all-around finals or event finals, and marks from the team qualifying round do not count toward

2013-510: The associations legal fees and that persons involved in interscholastic athletics be provided equality of opportunity and treatment without discrimination. The PIAA divides its member schools' counties into 12 geographical districts for the purpose of state championship competition. The following list is the district breakdown by county. While this is a general outline of the districts, there are some notable exceptions: Traditionally for state championship competition for team sports, Pennsylvania

2074-408: The bars, and releases. Higher-level gymnasts usually wear leather grips to ensure a firm hold on the bars while protecting their hands from painful blisters and tears (known as rips). Gymnasts sometimes wet their grips with water from a spray bottle and may apply chalk to prevent the grips from slipping. Chalk may also be applied to the hands and bar if grips are not worn. The gymnasts who have won

2135-652: The campus of Shippensburg University in Shippensburg . Artistic gymnastics Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines on different types of apparatus. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which assigns the Code of Points used to score performances and regulates all aspects of elite international competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics

2196-402: The central Pennsylvania region. Sixteen students and five adult chaperones from the school's French club were killed in the 1996 crash of TWA Flight 800 . The district funds: According to PIAA directory July 2013 Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association The Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, Inc. , also known by its acronymn PIAA , is one of

2257-468: The decision to expand to six classes in Football, as well as Boys and Girls basketball, baseball and softball. Increasing to four classes is Boys and Girls Soccer, Girls volleyball. Field Hockey is expanded to three classes, and Boys and Girls Lacrosse to two. Football started using these classes with the 2016 season. While some sports' championship games have been held at various venues and cities across

2318-512: The educational values of interscholastic athletics, promote safe and sportsmanlike competition, and provide uniform standards for all interscholastic levels of competition. As a result of the cooperative efforts of its membership, PIAA has assisted intermediate school, middle school, junior high school, and senior high school students in participating in interscholastic athletic programs on a fair and equitable basis, thus producing important education benefits. Initially, and until 1972, PIAA membership

2379-628: The end of 1996. The move was highly controversial, with many successful gymnastics federations—including the United States, Russia, and China—arguing that the compulsory exercises helped maintain a high standard of form, technique, and execution among gymnasts. Opponents of compulsory exercises believed that they harmed emerging gymnastics programs. Some members of the gymnastics community still argue that compulsories should be reinstated, and many gymnastics federations have maintained compulsories in their national programs. Often, gymnasts competing at

2440-544: The first gymnastics clubs were Turnvereins and Sokols . The FIG was founded in 1881 and remains the governing body of international gymnastics. The organization began with three countries and was called the European Gymnastics Federation until 1921, when the first non-European countries joined, and it was reorganized into its modern form. Gymnastics was included in the 1896 Summer Olympics , but female gymnasts were not allowed to participate in

2501-657: The floor and adjusted in height so the gymnast has room to hang freely and swing. Gymnasts must demonstrate balance, strength, power, and dynamic motion while preventing the rings themselves from swinging. At least one static strength move is required, but some gymnasts include two or three. The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on still rings are Jury Chechi of Italy (6) and Chen Yibing of China (5). Nikolai Andrianov , Albert Azaryan , Alexander Dityatin , Alois Hudec , Akinori Nakayama , Eleftherios Petrounias , and Liu Yang each have at least three such titles, as does Dmitry Bilozerchev if

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2562-583: The governing bodies of high school and middle school athletics for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , in the United States. The PIAA's main office is located in the Harrisburg suburb of Mechanicsburg . The PIAA was founded in Pittsburgh on December 29, 1913. It is charged with serving its member schools and registered officials by establishing policies and adopting contest rules that emphasize

2623-486: The minimum age for senior international competition from 14 to 15. However, the change, which came into effect two years later, did not eliminate the problem. By the time of the 1992 Summer Olympics , elite gymnasts consisted almost exclusively of "pixies" – underweight young teenagers – and concerns were raised about athletes' welfare. In 1997, the FIG responded to this trend by raising the minimum age for international elite competition to 16. This, combined with changes in

2684-496: The momentum from giants, enough height can be achieved for spectacular dismounts, such as a triple-back somersault. Leather grips are usually used to help maintain a hold on the bar. The gymnast who has won the most Olympic and World Championship titles on the horizontal bar is Epke Zonderland of the Netherlands, with four titles. Zou Kai , Leon Štukelj , and Takashi Ono have each won three, as has Dmitry Bilozerchev if

2745-423: The most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on pommel horse are Miroslav Cerar of Yugoslavia, Zoltán Magyar of Hungary, and Max Whitlock of Great Britain, with five titles each. Krisztián Berki , Dmitry Bilozerchev , Pae Gil-su , Xiao Qin , Boris Shakhlin , and Marius Urzică , have won at least three titles apiece. The still rings are suspended on wire cable from a point 5.8 m (19 ft) off

2806-405: The most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on uneven bars are Svetlana Khorkina of Russia (7) and Maxi Gnauck of East Germany (5, including the Alternate Olympics). Daniela Silivaș of Romania and Nina Derwael of Belgium have each won three titles. Aliya Mustafina won back-to-back uneven bar Olympic titles in 2012 and 2016. The balance beam existed as early as the 1880s in the form of

2867-479: The most difficult on which to win multiple Olympic and World Championship titles. Simone Biles has four World titles on this event, and there are only two other gymnasts to have won three Championship titles in total for Olympic and Worlds — Nadia Comăneci and Daniela Silivaș of Romania. In Olympic and World Championship competitions, meets are divided into several sessions on different days: qualifications, team finals, all-around finals, and event finals. During

2928-481: The move. As of 2014 they had returned to the Giant Center. Even the non-PIAA sport of ice hockey hosted the 2005 Pennsylvania Cup championship at Hersheypark Arena . The PIAA football championships have been held since 1988, with the first games being held at various sites across the state. In 1992, the games were moved to Altoona's Mansion Park, in part because playing four games in two days would not affect

2989-426: The same class—but larger schools can not choose to compete at a lower classification level. For purposes of all-star games and awards, the A and AA classes are referred to as small schools, AAA and AAAA are referred to as mid-sized schools, while AAAAA and AAAAAA referred as large schools. In 2016, there was a change, splitting the football tournament into six classifications, instead of the previous four. The PIAA made

3050-539: The second day. Team medals were determined based on the combined scores of both days, as were the qualifiers to the all-around and event finals. However, the all-around and event finals did not include compulsory routines. In meets where team titles were not contested, such as the American Cup , there were two days of all-around competition: one for compulsories and another for optionals. While each gymnast and their coach developed optional routines in accordance with

3111-476: The speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more challenging and complex vaults. In 2004, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue or table. It is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—about 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and width, giving gymnasts

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3172-421: The sport. Larisa Latynina , the first great Soviet gymnast, won her first Olympic all-around medal at age 22 and her second at 26; she became world champion in 1958 while pregnant. Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia, who followed Latynina and became a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 when she won her first Olympic gold medal. In the 1970s, the average age of Olympic gymnasts began to decrease. While it

3233-656: The state, most have been held in Hershey , whose proximity to the Pennsylvania Turnpike , and Interstates 81 , and 83 makes it a convenient location for teams from around the state. Hersheypark Stadium hosts the football, soccer, and lacrosse championships; the Parkview Cross Country Course, located across the street from Hershey Park and Hershey's Chocolate World , hosts the cross country championships. The Giant Center hosts

3294-414: The team finals. Before this rule was introduced, the scores from the team competition carried over into the all-around and event finals. Final results and medal placement were determined by combining the following scores: Until 1997, the team competition consisted of two sessions, with every gymnast performing standardized compulsory routines in the preliminaries and individualized optional routines on

3355-419: The top eight gymnasts in each event (as determined by scores in the qualification round) compete for medals. Only two gymnasts per country may advance to each event final. Competitions other than the Olympics and World Championships may use different formats. For instance, the 2007 Pan American Games had only one team competition day with a 6–5–4 format, and three athletes per country were allowed to advance to

3416-418: The women's side, Simone Biles of the United States has the most titles with seven, followed by Larisa Latynina of the Soviet Union with four. Gina Gogean , Daniela Silivaș , and Nellie Kim have three titles each. A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single-leg and double-leg work. Single-leg skills are generally found in the form of "scissors". In double leg work, the gymnast swings both legs in

3477-433: The women's side, Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia and Simone Biles of the United States are tied for the most titles, with four. Simona Amânar , Cheng Fei , Elena Zamolodchikova , and Rebeca Andrade have each won three. The floor event occurs on a carpeted 12 m × 12 m (39 ft × 39 ft) square consisting of rigid foam over a layer of plywood supported by springs or foam blocks. This provides

3538-490: Was also used for military training. Gymnastics evolved in Bohemia and what later became Germany at the beginning of the 19th century. The term "artistic gymnastics" was introduced to distinguish freestyle performances from those used by the military. The German educator Friedrich Ludwig Jahn , who was known as the father of gymnastics, invented several apparatus, including the horizontal bar and parallel bars . Two of

3599-607: Was founded in 1943 and mirrored the PIAA. However, in 1972, the Pennsylvania State Legislature altered the role of the PIAA and passed Act 219 which stated, "Private schools shall be permitted, if otherwise qualified, to be members of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association." The General Assembly's action in 1972 thus established the legislature's right to intervene in the PIAA's affairs,

3660-702: Was limited to public schools within the Commonwealth. It was and remains a voluntary organization For example, until 2004, public schools in Philadelphia did not participate in the PIAA. Pennsylvania Catholic or other private schools were not eligible for PIAA membership. As a result, most Catholic schools belonged to another voluntary athletic organization, the Pennsylvania Catholic Interscholastic Athletic Association (PCIAA). This organization

3721-428: Was not unheard of for teenagers to compete in the 1960s – Ludmilla Tourischeva was 16 at her first Olympics in 1968 – younger female gymnasts slowly became the norm as the sport's difficulty increased. Smaller, lighter girls generally excelled in the more challenging acrobatic elements required by the redesigned Code of Points . The 58th Congress of the FIG – held in July 1980, just before the Olympics – decided to raise

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