14-521: 20°28′S 115°32′E / 20.46°S 115.54°E / -20.46; 115.54 The Montebello Islands , also rendered as the Monte Bello Islands , are an archipelago of around 174 small islands (about 92 of which are named) lying 20 km (12 mi) north of Barrow Island and 130 km (81 mi) off the Pilbara coast of north-western Australia. The islands form
28-528: A French Navy exploration expedition, named the island group after the Battle of Montebello of 1800 , Hermite Island after Admiral Jean-Marthe-Adrien L'Hermite , and Trimouille Island after French general Louis II de la Trémoille . The islands were economically significant for pearl fishing from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of the Second World War . The Montebello Islands were
42-706: A marine conservation reserve of 58,331 ha (144,139 acres) administered by the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation . The islands were the site of three British atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in 1952 and 1956. The islands of the archipelago have a collective land area of about 22 km (8.5 sq mi). The largest islands, Hermite and Trimouille, have areas of 1,022 ha (2,525 acres) and 522 ha (1,290 acres) respectively. They consist of limestone rock and sand . The rocky parts are dominated by Triodia hummock grassland with scattered shrubs , while
56-576: Is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands , or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. Archipelagos are sometimes defined by political boundaries. For example, while they are geopolitically divided, the San Juan Islands and Gulf Islands geologically form part of a larger Gulf Archipelago. The word archipelago is derived from the Ancient Greek ἄρχι-( arkhi- , "chief") and πέλαγος ( pélagos , "sea") through
70-775: The Italian arcipelago . In antiquity , "Archipelago" (from Medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος and Latin archipelagus ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea . Later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea has a large number of islands). Archipelagos may be found isolated in large amounts of water or neighbouring a large land mass. For example, Scotland has more than 700 islands surrounding its mainland, which form an archipelago. Archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction zones or hotspots , but may also be
84-401: The islands include ospreys , white-bellied sea eagles , pied oystercatchers , Caspian terns and bridled terns . The islands support 12–15 breeding pairs of beach stone-curlews . Yellow white-eyes have been recorded. Invasive feral cats and black rats have been eradicated from the islands, allowing endangered rufous hare-wallabies (mala) and Shark Bay mice to be translocated to
98-527: The islands under the conservation management strategy for these threatened species. They are now common on many of the larger islands. Archaeological remains show that the islands were visited by indigenous Australians until about 8248 BP , when a period of global warming and rising sea levels caused the Montebellos to become separated from the mainland, and forced abandonment. In 1622 Tryall , an English East India Company -owned East Indiaman ,
112-465: The result of erosion , deposition , and land elevation . Depending on their geological origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as oceanic islands , continental fragments , or continental islands . Oceanic islands are mainly of volcanic origin, and widely separated from any adjacent continent. The Hawaiian Islands and Galapagos Islands in the Pacific , and Mascarene Islands in
126-580: The sandy areas support grasses, sedges and shrubs, mainly Acacia . Patches of mangroves grow in sheltered bays and channels of the archipelago, especially at Hermite Island. The climate is hot and arid with an annual average rainfall of about 320 mm. The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of the world populations of fairy and roseate terns , and of sooty oystercatchers . Greater crested terns breed there irregularly, sometimes in large numbers. Other birds breeding on
140-670: The shelf. The islands of the Inside Passage off the coast of British Columbia and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are examples. Artificial archipelagos have been created in various countries for different purposes. Palm Islands and The World Islands off Dubai were or are being created for leisure and tourism purposes. Marker Wadden in the Netherlands is being built as a conservation area for birds and other wildlife. The largest archipelago in
154-671: The site of three atmospheric nuclear weapon tests by the British military : one in 1952, and two in 1956. HMS Plym , moored in Main Bay on Trimouille Island, was the site of Operation Hurricane , the first-ever atomic weapon tested by the United Kingdom, on 3 October 1952. While subsequent British tests were conducted at sites on mainland Australia, in 1956 there were two land-sited tower-mounted tests, on Trimouille and Alpha Islands. The second of these, codenamed " Mosaic G2 ",
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#1732779849544168-432: The south Indian Ocean are examples. Continental fragments correspond to land masses that have separated from a continental mass due to tectonic displacement. The Farallon Islands off the coast of California are an example. Sets of islands formed close to the coast of a continent are considered continental archipelagos when they form part of the same continental shelf, when those islands are above-water extensions of
182-756: Was the largest nuclear explosion in Australia, with an official yield of 60 kilotons . Mosaic G2 was later described as an "exceptionally dirty explosion", whose fallout contaminated large areas of mainland Australia, as far away as the Queensland towns of Mount Isa, Julia Creek, Longreach and Rockhampton. Of the smaller islands, the largest are: There are also 10 named groups of small islets, whose individual islands have not yet been named: Archipelago An archipelago ( / ˌ ɑːr k ə ˈ p ɛ l ə ɡ oʊ / AR -kə- PEL -ə-goh ), sometimes called an island group or island chain ,
196-717: Was wrecked on the Tryal Rocks , a reef of uncharted submerged rocks about 32 kilometres (20 mi) northwest of the outer edge of the Montebello Islands. The ship's factor Thomas Bright and 35 others sailed a longboat to the Montebello Islands and spent seven days ashore, before sailing the longboat to Bantam in Java. This was the first recorded shipwreck in Australian waters and the first extended stay in Australia by Europeans. In 1801 Nicolas Baudin , leading
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