David Abbott "Ab" Jenkins (January 25, 1883 – August 9, 1956) was the 24th mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah between 1940 and 1944. He was a professional race car driver. Jenkins' interest in motorsports began with racing motorcycles on dirt tracks and across country. He then became interested in land speed records at the Bonneville Salt Flats . He was instrumental in establishing Bonneville as a location for such events, and in attracting overseas drivers such as George Eyston and Sir Malcolm Campbell to compete there.
45-413: The Mormon Meteor I and III were two land speed record cars built in the 1930s by Ab Jenkins . The Duesenberg Special was a one-off speed record car. It was built in 1935 on a supercharged Duesenberg Model J rolling chassis with a standard wheelbase of 142.5 in (3,620 mm), a dropped front axle, 18 in (457 mm) wheels instead of the standard 19 in (483 mm) wheels, and
90-466: A Curtiss Conqueror aircraft engine. August Duesenberg designed new parts to connect the aircraft engine to the car's drivetrain. Work on the car was supervised by August Duesenberg and done largely by him and by Ab Jenkins' son Marvin. This version of the car was named Mormon Meteor and Ab Jenkins began breaking records with it in 1936, beginning with a 500 km (311 mi) record of 164.47 mph (264.69 km/h). Jenkins and Babe Stapp drove
135-486: A dealer network, as the cars were sold through Studebaker dealerships. Under Studebaker's ownership, Pierce-Arrow retired the venerable 6-cylinder engine and in 1929 introduced an L-head straight-eight engine , which displaced 366 cu in (6.0 L). In 1933, Pierce-Arrow unveiled the radically streamlined Silver Arrow in a final attempt to appeal to the wealthy at the New York Auto Show . The car
180-568: A disappointing level of performance at the time. He managed to coax 175 miles per hour (282 km/h) out of the engine, driving a Pierce-Arrow along the Utah salt flats at over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) in a 24-hour journey along a 10-mile (16 km) course. As a result of the run, a total distance of 2,710 miles (4,360 kilometers) was covered. It was in the following year that he set out to break that record by driving 25 hours and 30 minutes at around 117 miles per hour (188 km/h) and making
225-463: A group of classic car enthusiasts from Switzerland applied the name to a 10 L, 24-cylinder car designed by Luigi Colani . According to their (defunct) website, the company intended to revive the Pierce-Arrow car in the form of a Pierce Silver Arrow II. The U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board ruled on August 12, 2019, that "Pierce-Arrow" cannot be registered by an unrelated third party as
270-509: A line of motorcycles , including the Pierce Four . In 1914, Pierce-Arrow adopted its most enduring styling hallmark when its headlights were moved from a traditional placement at the radiator's sides, into flared housings molded into the front fenders of the car. This gave the car an immediately visible distinction in front or side views. At night, the car appeared to have a wider stance. Pierce patented this placement, which endured until
315-725: A non-standard 3:1 rear axle ratio. The engine was highly tuned by August Duesenberg , with the compression ratio raised to 7.5:1 and different engine bearings being used. High performance parts developed for the Special, especially the "ram's horn" twin-carburetor inlet manifold, would be used on later supercharged Js (or "SJ"s as they were called by the public). Financing for the Duesenberg Special came from sponsorship solicited by Ab Jenkins from oil companies and accessory manufacturers and distributors. Jenkins guaranteed his sponsors that he would break established speed records with
360-482: A record that stayed unchallenged until 2005. During WWII, the US government ordered a halt to racing activities and Jenkins decided to run for mayor of Salt Lake City, winning handily despite spending no time or money campaigning. After the war, Jenkins resumed racing. On July 20, 1951, his car skidded on a puddle of water and struck a row of course markers at a speed of nearly 200 miles per hour (320 km/h). The radiator
405-589: A safety razor after the last gas stop while circling the track at over 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) with no windshield. In 1956, Pontiac executives petitioned Jenkins to make a comeback. In one of his final interviews that June, he reported that his health was good and he felt up to it. Jenkins and his son Marvin to drive its stock-model Series 860 Pontiac around the famous 10-mile (16 km) salt circle track. The pair recorded an average speed of 118.375 miles per hour (190.506 km/h) shattering all existing American unlimited and Class C stock-car racing records in
450-411: A speech, or spending a nickel on a campaign. He served until 1944 setting 21 speed records while in office. His one-man 24-hour record averaging 161 mph (259 km/h), stood for 50 years, beaten in 1990 by an eight driver team. Jenkins's exhausting, 48-hour record is still on the books together with 15 other FIA records from 1940. After some full day runs, he would hop out clean-shaven, having used
495-607: A total of 3,000 miles (4,800 km) in the process. He was due to attempt the 1931 Indianapolis 500 , but fell ill, and his car was driven by Tony Gulotta . The Bonneville Salt Flats became more popular during the 1930s as speed records were being broken regularly, so it was deemed that the sands of Daytona Beach or the Monthlhéry track in France were preferable to the sands of the Bonneville Salt Flats. During
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#1732780781142540-608: A two-cylinder car, the Arrow . In 1904, Pierce decided to concentrate on making a larger, more luxurious car for the upscale market, the Great Arrow . This became the company's most successful product. The solidly built, four-cylinder car won the Glidden Tour in 1905, an endurance run to determine and celebrate the most reliable car. Thirty-three cars entered the 350-mile race from New York City to Bretton Woods, New Hampshire;
585-456: The "Three P's of Motordom." Industrial efficiency expert Frank Gilbreth , father of the authors of " Cheaper By The Dozen ," extolled the virtues of Pierce-Arrow, in both quality and in its ability to safely transport his large family. Its wheelbase was 12 ft 3 in (3.73 m). The transmission was a four speed manual in 1919. Actor Sessue Hayakawa (famed for his role in Bridge on
630-477: The 24-hour record of a 161.180 mph (259.394 km/h) average that lasted for 50 years (until 1990). He died on a visit to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Often referred to as "The World's Safest Speedster," Jenkins was the father of salt racing. The distance he drove in 50 years included nearly three million kilometers, which included 42 coast-to-coast trips across the continental United States. There were two speed runs, however, after 1931, he confined his efforts to
675-615: The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company. In 1909, U.S. President William Howard Taft ordered two Pierce-Arrows (and two White Model M Tourers ) to be used for state occasions, the first official cars of the White House . The Pierce-Arrow's engine displacement started at 453 cu in (7.4 L), continuing to a massive 11.7 L (714.0 cu in) and was increased later to 5 inch bore and 7 inch stroke for 13.52 L (825.0 cu in), at
720-632: The River Kwai ) drove a custom-ordered gold-plated Pierce-Arrow. A restored 1919 Pierce-Arrow is on display at the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library . An open-bodied Pierce-Arrow carried Woodrow Wilson and Warren G. Harding to Harding's 1921 inauguration, and one was used prominently in the 1950 movie Cheaper by the Dozen . Pierce-Arrow advertisements were artistic and understated. Unusual for car advertising,
765-576: The Road America race in August of that year. Jenkins was returning from a baseball game with Pontiac executives George Bourke and Robert Emerick on August 9 when he noticed a billboard with a farm tractor on it and started telling the men about his wild ride in 1935 when he suddenly grabbed his chest and passed away from a heart attack. The next year, General Motors introduced the 1957 Pontiac “Bonneville” in honor of Ab and Marv's achievements making it
810-547: The body offset by six inches on the frame to help the car turn on the track. In 1939, Jenkins drove the car 171 mph (275 km/h) and broke all of the 12-hour endurance records. The Mormon Meteor III set a 24-hour record of 161.180 mph (259.394 km/h) in 1940 that would not be broken until 1990. Ab Jenkins He drove the Duesenberg " Mormon Meteor " to a 24-hour average land speed record of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h) in 1935. In 1940 Jenkins set
855-914: The car delivered loaded with options for $ 5,782 – approaching double that of the Star Chief Custom Convertible ($ 3,105) with which it shared the 124-inch-wheelbase (310 cm) chassis. Jenkins Peak was named in his honor in 1960. The mountain is located north of the Bonneville Speedway and is prominently visible from there. Pierce-Arrow The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York , active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive luxury cars , Pierce-Arrow also manufactured commercial trucks , fire trucks , boats, camp trailers, motorcycles , and bicycles . The forerunner of Pierce-Arrow
900-468: The car to a 24-hour average of 153.82 mph (247.55 km/h) and a 48-hour average of 148.64 mph (239.21 km/h). In 1937, Jenkins and Louis Meyer increased the car's 24-hour record to 157.27 mph (253.10 km/h). The combination of the V12 aircraft engine and the almost stock Duesenberg chassis caused understeer at high speed. Jenkins had August Duesenberg, now an independent engineer after
945-515: The car. He delivered on his guarantee in October 1935, when he set a one-hour record of 153.97 mph (247.79 km/h) and a twenty-four-hour record of 135.57 mph (218.18 km/h) at a circuit on the Bonneville Salt Flats. The 24-hour record would be held until 1961. In search of higher speed records, Jenkins had the Duesenberg Special modified by replacing the Duesenberg engine with
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#1732780781142990-567: The chassis and engine, the wheelbase lengthened, and built back into fire engines . Some of these fire engines were in service for up to 20 years. In 1928, the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana , gained control of the Buffalo firm. The association was to last for five years, with moderate benefits to both companies' engineering departments, which continued to function as separate entities. Pierce-Arrow also gained
1035-494: The closure of Duesenberg Inc., design and build a new chassis to contain the aircraft engine. After the aircraft engine was removed from the Mormon Meteor in 1938, the car was restored to Duesenberg Special specifications, the body was modified for road use, and the car was driven by Ab and Marv Jenkins on the streets for about 20,000 mi (32,000 km) until 1943. The car was kept in street form until 2004. That year,
1080-500: The family that had owned it since 1959 had it sold at Gooding & Company's Pebble Beach Auction. The new owner had the car restored to its 1935 racing condition and entered it in the 2007 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance , which it won. The car was known in its original form as the "Duesenberg Special". After the aircraft engine was installed, the Deseret News held a contest to name the car. The winning name of "Mormon Meteor"
1125-413: The few, if only, multi-valve flathead design engines ever made. The company did not introduce an 8-cylinder engine until the 1929 Model 126, and a V-12 engine was offered in 1931 until the company closed in 1938. In 1910, George Pierce died. In 1912, Herbert M. Dawley (later a Broadway actor-director) joined Pierce-Arrow, and he designed almost every model until 1938. Until 1914, Pierce-Arrow also made
1170-537: The final model of 1938, although Pierce always offered customers the option of conventional headlamps; only a minority ordered this option. The Pierce-Arrow was a status symbol , owned by many Hollywood stars and tycoons, and a favorite was the Pierce-Arrow Town Car . Most of the royalty of the world had at least one Pierce-Arrow in its collection. Some have described Pierce and two of its rivals among American luxury cars, Peerless and Packard , as
1215-436: The first, and perhaps the only car to ever “earn” its name and not simply be “given” its name by an automaker. Of the 630 limited production run, each dealer got only one, making it the rarest of all Pontiacs ever produced. The new Bonneville was the fastest of the division – 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h) in 8.1 seconds thanks to the new fuel injected V8 that cranked out 300HP plus. All convertibles, all automatics,
1260-562: The image of the car was in the background rather than the foreground of the picture. Usually, only part of the car was visible. The Pierce-Arrow was typically depicted in elegant and fashionable settings. Some advertisements featured the car in places a car would not normally go, such as the West and other rural settings, a testament to the car's ruggedness and quality. Because of the immense size of most models, several second-hand Pierce-Arrow cars were bought by fire departments , stripped down to
1305-401: The land speed record in that race fell to another British competitor, Malcolm Campbell, who drove the aircraft-engine-powered Blue Bird V to a record two-way average speed of 301 miles per hour (484 km/h). Realizing that he needed even more power to stay on top, Jenkins equipped his car with a Curtiss Conqueror aircraft engine. The Salt Lake City newspaper Deseret News ran a contest to give
1350-470: The large Curtiss Conqueror airplane engine. It was built by both Ab's son Marv Jenkins and Augie Dusenberg. Ab sent Marv to build the car with Dusenberg at only age 17. This intimate knowledge of the Meteor III enabled Marv to complete the meticulous restoration that required most parts to be fabricated again from scratch many years later after his father Ab's passing. It had many unique features, such as
1395-465: The process. Ab drove almost two-thirds of the 2,841 miles (4,572 km) himself gulping down milk and orange juice handed to him by his wife or daughter during his 30-second fueling pit stops. He did not smoke or drink alcohol. Father-and-son dominated the record book claiming a total of 28 records. The same year, Ab had the opportunity to drive a Pontiac pace car in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, at
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1440-549: The race was won by Percy Pierce in a Great Arrow . The noted industrial architect Albert Kahn designed the Pierce Arrow Factory Complex at Elmwood Avenue and Great Arrow Avenue in about 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. George Pierce sold all rights in the company in 1907, and he died three years later. In 1908, Pierce Motor Company was renamed as
1485-554: The show car and still failed to generate enough sales. Starting in 1936, Pierce-Arrow produced a line of camper-trailers, the Pierce-Arrow Travelodge. They also produced a new V12 sedan that was redesigned and considered the safest and most luxurious sedan of its day. The Rio Grande Southern Railroad converted five Pierce-Arrow automobiles (and a couple of Buicks ) into motorized railcars , effectively buses and trucks on rail wheels. The nickname Galloping Goose
1530-470: The summer of 1935, the course was gaining international attention and in July of that year, Jenkins provided accommodations to British driver John Cobb and even relinquished his spot on the flats to him. During the course of the run, Cobb was able to break Jenkins' records and set a new one. In late 1935, Jenkins drove a new supercharged Duesenberg Model J which allowed him to retake his title from John Cobb, but
1575-425: The time making it by far the largest Otto engine offered in any production automobile in the world. In 1910, Pierce dropped its other 4-cylinder models and focused exclusively on 6-cylinder cars until 1929. The model 6-36, 6-48, and 6-66 continued for the next decade. Starting in 1918, Pierce-Arrow adopted a four-valve per cylinder T-head inline-six engine (Dual Valve Six) and three spark plugs per cylinder, one of
1620-469: The track alone. Jenkins, a home building contractor in Utah who was born in 1883, gained his first taste of racing a Studebaker on the Union Pacific train from Salt Lake City to Wendover in 1925, beating the smoke-belcher by five minutes. A few years later, in 1926, he drove from New York City to San Francisco in a Studebaker touring sedan in 86 hours, 20 minutes, a time that was 14 hours faster than
1665-527: The train. A series of records were set in Pierce-Arrows as well as a sixty-eight miles per hour (109 km/h) run on the Salt Flats on an Allis-Chalmers tractor, which he remarked was "like riding a frightened bison" before building a series of cars manufactured specifically for the Salt Flats. In 1925, Jenkins was hired by Pierce-Arrow to soup up their newly introduced V12 engine which produced
1710-656: The vehicle a name, which ended up being dubbed the "Mormon Meteor". Due to extensive modifications needed to accommodate the Curtiss engine, it quickly became the Mormon Meteor II and Jenkins broke land speed endurance records with it during 1936–37. In 1938, he debuted the Mormon Meteor III, setting even more records. The most notable was in 1940 when Jenkins managed 3,868 miles (6,225 km) in 24 hours at an average speed of 161 mph (259 km/h),
1755-443: Was an avid admirer. Jenkins became pals with New York Metropolitan Opera Singer Richard Bonelli when they were working as mechanics before Bonelli discovered he could sing. Bonelli attended many of Jenkins record runs and often instigated a song fest with spectators joining the famous baritone as Ab whizzed past. Jenkins racing fame coupled with his congenial, outgoing nature got him elected Mayor of Salt Lake in 1940 without ever giving
1800-423: Was announced on August 1, 1936. Although the term "Mormon Meteor" refers to the car in aircraft-engined form, the car was still referred to as the Mormon Meteor after its original Duesenberg drivetrain was replaced. This has resulted in the Duesenberg Special being referred to as "Mormon Meteor I" and the actual Mormon Meteor being referred to as "Mormon Meteor II". The Mormon Meteor III was built in 1937 to handle
1845-407: Was built by Karl Wise, the firm's chief engineer, from parts secured from the company's receivers. Pierce's remaining assets (which probably would include the forty Arrows made in October 1938) were sold at auction on a Friday, May 13, 1938. The factory equipment used to make Pierce-Arrow V12 engines was bought by Seagrave Fire Apparatus , which used it to make engines for fire engines . In 2006,
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1890-593: Was established in 1865 as Heinz, Pierce and Munschauer. The company was best known for its household items, especially its delicate, gilded birdcages. In 1872, George Norman Pierce bought out the other two principals of the company, changed the name to the George N. Pierce Company, and in 1896 added bicycles to the product line. The company failed in its attempt to build a steam-powered car in 1900 under license from Overman , but by 1901, had built its first single-cylinder, two-speed, no-reverse Motorette . In 1903, it produced
1935-554: Was punctured by the accident and Jenkins had to halt his overheating vehicle. He had stopped three minutes short of breaking a new one-hour speed record and at the age of 68, he decided it was time to retire. Considering his limited resources, Jenkins enjoyed remarkable achievements, something on the order of Will Rogers with a motorized persona. He was a deeply religious man, who put his faith in God, and by God, he went far, especially driving his “Mormon Meteor” speed machines. Harvey Firestone
1980-555: Was soon applied to these vehicles, reportedly based on their waddling motion and honking horn. Three are preserved in the Colorado Railroad Museum at Golden . Pierce was the only luxury brand that did not field a lower-priced car ( e.g. , the Packard 120 ) to provide cash flow, and without sales or funds for development, the company declared insolvency in 1938 and closed its doors. The final Pierce-Arrow assembled
2025-499: Was well received by the public and the motoring press, being announced with the slogan "Suddenly it's 1940!" Pierce sold five examples but, since it was priced at $ 10,000 (equal to $ 235,373 today) during the worst of the Depression , even the rich were hesitant to spend so much. The bodies were built at Studebaker, which subsequently assisted in rolling out a lower-priced production model. This, however, lacked many luxury features of
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