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33-563: The construction of Moscow–Smolensk railway was approved by Alexander II On December 15, 1868. Construction began in the spring of 1869 with the construction of the Moscow Smolensk railway station at the Tverskaya Zastava Square. This railway was built simultaneously from Smolensk and from Moscow . On August 9, 1870, the first trains passed from Smolensk to Gzhatsk . On September 20, 1870, Moscow-Smolensk Railway

66-814: A POW camp in Vyazma. According to the memoirs of the future Soviet historian, Mikhail Markovich Sheinman, who was in German captivity at the time: In early October 1941, near Vyazma, the sector in which I served was surrounded. We immediately found ourselves in the Germans' rear. On 12 October, I was shot in the leg while attacking. From November 1941 to 12 February 1942, I was in the Vyazma "hospital" for prisoners of war. People were placed in dilapidated buildings without roofs, windows, or doors. Often many of those who went to bed did not wake up – they froze. In Vyazma, exhausted, ragged, barely clad people – Soviet prisoners of war –

99-491: A rare three- tented church dedicated to Our Lady of Smolensk ( Hodegetria ) and consecrated in 1638 after Polish occupation between 1611 and 1634. A barbican church of the same abbey dates back to 1656, and the town's cathedral was completed by 1676. Other churches are designed mostly in baroque style. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, there was a battle between the retreating French army (up to 37,000 troops) and

132-555: Is a railway terminal of the Moscow Railway located at the front of Tverskaya Zastava Square in Central Administrative Okrug , Moscow . The station is one of nine railway terminals of Moscow . It was opened in 1870 and rebuilt in its current form in 1907–1912. Belorussky railway station serves long distance trains to regions west and south-west of Moscow, and one train each to the north-east (on

165-504: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Moscow Belorussky railway station Belorussky railway station ( Russian : Белору́сский вокза́л , IPA: [bʲɪɫɐˈruskʲɪj vɐɡˈzaɫ] ) also referred to as Moscow–Passenger–Smolenskaya ( Russian : Москва́-Пассажирская-Смоле́нская , lit.   ' Moskva-Smolenskaya ' ), Informally the whole station can be called as Moscow Belorusskaya ( Russian : Москва Белорусская , lit.   ' Moskva Belorusskaya ' ),

198-567: Is a town and the administrative center of Vyazemsky District in Smolensk Oblast , Russia , located on the Vyazma River , about halfway between Smolensk , the administrative center of the oblast , and Mozhaysk . Throughout its turbulent history, it defended western approaches to Moscow . Population: 57,101 ( 2010 Census ) ; 57,545 ( 2002 Census ) ; 59,022 ( 1989 Soviet census ) ; 44,000 (1970). Vyazma

231-413: Is a part of Vyazemsky Municipal District. The town's main industries in the present day are engineering, leather working, graphite products, and flax textiles. Historically the town was known for its pryaniki , which are even mentioned in classical works of Russian literature. The original recipe, as well as the technology and knowledge, were lost during the revolutionary period. Attempts to resurrect

264-452: Is located in the fourth hall of the railway station and occupies an area of 600 square metres (6,500 sq ft) Passengers departing from Sheremetyevo can check in for flights using the self-service kiosks. The terminal was opened on 27 August 2009. In June 2008 construction of a new railway terminal complex at Sheremetyevo was completed. New purpose-built rolling stock, the electric ED4MKM-Aero developed by ZAO " Transmashholding " serves

297-665: The Tver region, natives of the Smolensk and Arkhangelsk regions, who were reported missing, as well as volunteer militias from Moscow. Prisoners were often not fed or given water. In the winter of 1941–1942, the death rate in the camp was up to 300 people per day. According to SMERSH , there are 5,500 people on the list of dead from wounds in the camp. There are 40 (according to other data, 45) ditches measuring 4×100 meters, in an area equal to about four football fields, where, according to various data, 70 to 80,000 people are buried. As of 2009,

330-535: The Aeroexpress service to Sheremetyevo Airport . The station is not entirely a terminus station. A transit line continues on the Alekseevskaya Line . In addition, the station provides through service to Savyolovsky ( Savyolovsky suburban railway line and Line D1 of Moscow Central Diameters) and Kursky stations. Until 18 May 2015 a suburban train service also continued to Gagarin, and until

363-433: The Germans drove to unbearably hard work. Few people got into the "hospital" – most of them died in the camp. In Vyazma, the hospital was housed in dilapidated, abandoned houses, on the outskirts of the city in the ruins of the oil factory buildings. The cabins were always cold and dark. The wounded lay on the bare floor. There wasn't even straw for bedding. It was not until the end of my stay in Vyazma that bunks were built in

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396-509: The Russian army (25,000 men) near Vyazma on October 22, 1812. The vanguard of the Russian army under the command of Lieutenant General Mikhail Miloradovich and a Cossack unit of General Matvey Platov (coordinated by Miloradovich) attacked the rearguard corps of Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout east of Vyazma and cut off his retreat. Owing to the intervention of Eugène de Beauharnais and Józef Poniatowski , Davout managed to break through

429-471: The Russian army's encirclement. However, the French army's attempts to hold the heights near Vyazma and the town itself were unsuccessful. By the evening of October 22, Russians seized Vyazma, which had been set on fire by the French. The French lost 6,000 men during the battle; 2,500 soldiers were taken prisoners . The Russians lost around 2,000 men. In 1941, during World War II , Vyazma

462-594: The Savyolovo direction destinations ( Dolgoprudny , Lobnya , Nekrasovsky , Iksha , Dmitrov , Taldom , Dubna ) and to Kursky Rail Terminal to Kursk direction destinations ( Shcherbinka , Podolsk , Serpukhov ). Belorussky station is connected to Savyolovsky Rail Terminal (before 30 May 2010) and Sheremetyevo International Airport by Aeroexpress trains. 55°46′35″N 37°34′49″E  /  55.77639°N 37.58028°E  / 55.77639; 37.58028 Vyazma Vyazma ( Russian : Вязьма )

495-498: The Savyolovsky branch to Rybinsk with continuing service to Uglich, Vesegonsk, and Pestovo) and to the south (to Anapa through Tula , Kursk , Voronezh , and Rostov-on-Don ). The station also serves local commuter trains ( Belorussky suburban railway line and Line D1 of Moscow Central Diameters) to Usovo , Odintsovo , Golitsyno , Kubinka I , Mozhaisk (including express service), Borodino , and Zvenigorod as well as

528-513: The capital being between 2 and 2:30 hours. Short-distance trains also go to and from Mozhaysk and Borodino , linking Vyazma to the Moscow suburban railway network. Vyazma is also located near the main M1 Highway between Moscow and Minsk . The nearby Vyazma Airport serves military and recreational purposes, but there are no commercial flights to or from the city. The only university in

561-634: The city is the Smolensk Cossack Institute of Industrial Technologies and Business, a regional branch of the Kirill Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management (First Cossack University) . Vyzma also hosts several institutions of tertiary and further education : The town association football club, FK Vyazma, plays in the Amateur football league. The town is known for

594-536: The death camp, is buried in the territory of the existing meat-processing plant, now marked chapel in memory of the dead prisoners of war. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Vyazma serves as the administrative center of Vyazemsky District . As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Vyazemsky District as Vyazemskoye Urban Settlement . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and

627-609: The end of 2012 to Vyazma . Now the farthest station of commuter train service on this line is Mozhaisk . Approximately 1500 passengers per hour use Belorussky station. Belorussky railway station is included in the Moscow Regional Directorate of the Directorate of railway stations. This station is part of the Moscow–Smolensk unit of DTSS-3, Moscow Directorate of Rail Traffic Control. Construction of

660-584: The graves house gardens, garages of local residents, a machine-building plant and the Vyazemsky meat-processing plant, in the building of which the camp was housed. In another transit prison in Vyazma (Dulag No. 230) in October 1941, during an inspection conducted by an officer, Abver found 200 Jews and 50 to 60 politruks , a few days later another 40 Jews and 6–8 politruks were found there. They were all shot. In December, 117 Jews were identified and executed at

693-628: The houses, but on them the sick lay without straw, on bare boards. There were no medicines. The lice in the hospital was incredible. I never had a bath in the three and a half months of my stay in Vyazma. In honor of the Soviet defenders, a memorial complex has been erected on the Moscow–Minsk highway outside the city. In 2009, in the vicinity of Vyazma, a memorial named "The Virgin Field" was opened. The burial ground, where tens of thousands of people died in

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726-594: The line. Baggage check-in at the city terminal was abolished on 1 December 2010 in connection with the sharp increase in the number of passengers. The one-way cost of the trip is 500 rubles (1000 rubles for business class). [REDACTED] Lithuanian Railways 721/722 731/732 733/734 735/736 743/744 Suburban commuter trains ( elektrichka ) connect Belorussky station with the towns of Barvikha , Usovo , Odintsovo , Golitsyno , Zvenigorod , Kubinka , Mozhaysk . Some suburban commuter trains ( elektrichka ) also proceed to Savyolovsky Rail Terminal to

759-490: The name of Princes Vyazemsky. The most notable among them were Pyotr Vyazemsky , an intimate friend of the poet Alexander Pushkin and a poet himself, and Sophie Viazemski , a French writer, for a time married to Jean-Luc Godard . In 1494, Vyazma was captured by the Grand Duchy of Moscow and turned into a fortress, of which but a single tower remains. Two important abbeys were embellished with stone churches, including

792-533: The pryanik industry during the Soviet period were unsuccessful, but in post-Soviet times the local Вяземский хлебокомбинат (Vyazma [industrial] bakery) started once again to produce hand-made pryaniki, some of which were awarded prizes in national competitions. Vyazma is a major railway junction for both freight and passenger transport, with connecting trains from Moscow , St. Petersburg , Kaluga , and Bryansk . The long-distance (lastochka) train from Moscow to Smolensk stops at Vyazma, with travel time to and from

825-436: The railway from Moscow to Smolensk , and then to Minsk and Warsaw , started in the second half of the 1860s. Construction of the station, known as Smolensky, began in late April 1869. A grand opening of the Moscow–Smolensk railway took place on 19 September 1870, the station became the sixth in Moscow. In November 1871 after the extension of the railway to Belorussia, the station was renamed Belorussky Station. On 15 May 1910,

858-488: The railways, the station received its present name – Belorussky Station. In September 2007 OAO " Aeroexpress " began the reconstruction of the rail link to Sheremetyevo Airport. The cost of reconstruction at the Belorussky station was estimated at US$ 7.7 million and involved the construction of a new terminal, which has become one of the main links in rail traffic between Moscow and the airport. The new Belorussky terminal

891-665: The right wing of the new station opened, and on 26 February 1912, the left wing opened. The station was designed by architect Ivan Strukov . On 4 May 1912, the railway was renamed the Alexander Railway, the station was renamed Alexander Station. In August 1922, Alexander and the Moscow-Baltic railways were merged into the Moscow-Belorussia-Baltic, so the station was renamed Belorussian-Baltic station. In May 1936, after yet another reorganization of

924-460: The town, Dulag 184 and Dulag 230. About 80,000 people died there and were buried in mass graves. The victims included Jews, political officers, and POWs. The transfer camp (Dulag No. 184) was established in October 1941 and lasted until March 1943, when the city was liberated by Soviet troops. The camp housed prisoners who had been captured by German soldiers, in particular, conscripted from Zubtsovsky , Rzhevsky , Nelidovsky and other districts of

957-526: Was electrified at 3,000 V direct current. In 1979 ahead of the Moscow Olympic Games the rest of the Vyazma–Brest was electrified at 50 Hz 25,000 V. Moscow (Belorussky) - Vyazma - Smolensk - Orsha - Minsk - Stoŭbcy - Baranovichi - Brest The Moscow–Brest Railway plays a role in the novel Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak . This Russian rail transport related article

990-582: Was first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1230, although it is believed to be much older than that. The town was named after the river, whose name was from Russian word " вязь " ( vyaz' ), meaning "bog" or "swamp". At the time, the town belonged to a lateral branch of the Rurikid House of Smolensk, and carried on a lively trade with Narva on the Gulf of Finland . In 1403, the local princes were expelled by Lithuanians to Moscow, where they took

1023-543: Was heavily damaged in the fighting, then rebuilt after the war. U.S. journalist Quentin Reynolds , of Collier's Weekly , visited Vyazma shortly after the German withdrawal in 1943 and gave an account of the destruction in his book The Curtain Rises (1944), in which he stated that the town's population was reduced from 60,000 to 716, with only three buildings remaining. The Nazis also established two concentration camps in

Moscow–Brest Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-550: Was opened. In 1870–1871, the Smolensk-Brest railway was built, and this section was opened on November 16, 1871. Both railways merged into one and they were named the Moscow–Brest Railway. In 1877–1879, from Moscow to Kubinka, and from Smolensk to Brest became double-track sections. In 1891–1892, from Kubinka to Smolensk became a double-track section. Electrification began in 1941 and by 1973 between Moscow and Vyazma

1089-543: Was the scene of a battle of encirclement . The Soviet 16th , 19th , 20th and 24th armies were surrounded West of the town by the Third and Fourth Panzer Armies. Vyazma was occupied by German forces between 7 October 1941 and 12 March 1943. In October 1941, 11 Jews were shot in the town and two were hanged. In December 1941, 117 Jews were killed in a mass execution perpetrated by the Einsatzgruppe B. The town

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