Defunct
27-532: Maura Law may refer to two different decrees named after Don Antonio Maura , the Spanish minister of colonies at the time. The first decree, the royal decree of May 19, 1893, was a law that laid the basic foundations for municipal government in the Philippines . It was put into effect starting in 1895. The Maura Law established tribunales , municipales and juntas provinciales . These foundations laid by
54-625: A Vice-president of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation from 1882 to 1884, and later as Vice President of the Congress of Deputies in 1886. His political influence expanded significantly when he rejected a ministerial position in a Sagastino cabinet in 1888, only to accept the role of Minister of Overseas Territories under President Práxedes Mateo Sagasta from December 1892 to March 1894. He went served as Minister of Grace and Justice from November 1894 to March 1895 under
81-404: A number of works. In 1711, Spain, unlike France, Italy and Portugal, did not have a large dictionary with a comprehensive and collegially elaborated lexicographical repertoire. The initial nucleus of the future Academy was formed that same year by the eight novatores who met in the library of the palace of Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco , Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena , located in
108-421: A one-year period for documentation of land title applications, with no extensions allowed, and with undocumented lands reverting to the state. Any claim to such lands by those who might have applied for adjustment of the same but have not done so at the above-mentioned date, will not avail themselves in any way nor at any time." Those who had pending applications for titles were given one year upon its publication in
135-655: Is important to read and write correctly. Article 1 of the statutes of the Royal Spanish Academy, translated from Spanish, says the following: The Academy is an institution with legal personality whose main mission is to ensure that the changes experienced by the Spanish language in its constant adaptation to the needs of its speakers do not break the essential unity it maintains throughout the Hispanic world. It must equally ensure that this evolution preserves
162-470: The Académie Française founded in 1635 were taken as models. The first official session of the new corporation was held at the residence of Pacheco on 6 July 1713, an event that is recorded in the book of minutes, begun on 3 August 1713. Its creation, with twenty-four elected members was approved on 3 October 1714 by Royal Decree of Philip V , that gave the academy the right to be called
189-519: The Gaceta de Manila (e.g. Volume No. 106 on April 17, 1894) to secure their documentation. No extensions were made, and any paper titles issued after April 17, 1895, were deemed to have no force and effect. Antonio Maura Antonio Maura Montaner (2 May 1853 – 13 December 1925) was Prime Minister of Spain on five separate occasions. Maura was born in Palma , on the island of Mallorca , he
216-624: The Spanish language . It is based in Madrid , Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language . The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in
243-527: The "Royal Spanish Academy". This meant that the academicians enjoyed the preeminences and exemptions granted to the servants of the Royal Household. It had its first seat at number 26 Valverde Street, from where it moved to Alarcón Street, corner of Felipe IV, its definitive seat. The emblem chosen was a fiery crucible placed on the fire, with the legend Limpia, fija y da esplendor ("cleans, fixes and gives splendor"). Collective utility became
270-779: The Academy became the official norm in Spain by royal decree in 1844, and they were also gradually adopted by the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. Several reforms were introduced in the Nuevas Normas de Prosodia y Ortografía (1959, New Norms of Prosody and Orthography). Since the establishment of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language in 1951, the Spanish academy works in close consultation with
297-690: The Interior from December 1902 to July 1903. In 1903, he was elected as an academician of the Royal Spanish Academy (R.A.E.), the official regulator of the Spanish language, with the seat "U". He first assumed the presidency of the Council of Ministers in December 1903. That premiership would be shortlived, and he would resign exactly one year later, in December 1904, in which Barcelona experienced its first terrorist attack. He
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#1732773378180324-705: The King. Aside from his political work, he served in major roles in Spanish Society, including as Director of Royal Spanish Academy from 1913 to 1925, and as President of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation from 1916 to 1918. He was also elected to the Moral and Political Sciences Academy, and the Fine Arts of San Fernando, in recognition of his gifts as a watercolorist. In 1920 he
351-493: The King. Maura later headed coalition cabinets with other parties but his time in power was limited. He was President between March and November of 1918, again in 1919, and between August 1921 and March 1922, following the Disaster of Annual . Disillusioned by the advent of Miguel Primo de Rivera 's regime in 1923, he retired from politics. During Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, he remained aloof from both Primo de Rivera and
378-691: The Maura Law were later adopted, revised, and strengthened by the American and Filipino governments that succeeded Spanish rule in the country. The second decree, the royal decree of February 13, 1894, was known as the Maura Act and grew out of a proposal made in the 1820s by Manuel Bernaldez, a long-serving colonial official. To reduce controversy and litigation over land ownership, Bernaldez had called for Spain to require landowners to acquire official documentation of their land ownership. The Maura Act laid
405-632: The Plaza de las Descalzas Reales in Madrid. The Spanish Academy was founded in 3 August 1713 on the initiative of Pacheco, with the purpose of "fixing the voices and words of the Castilian language in their greatest propriety, elegance and purity". The objective was to fix the language in the state of fullness that it had reached during the 16th century and that had been consolidated in the 17th century. The Italian Accademia della Crusca founded in 1582 and
432-473: The Studies of the Royal Spanish Academy, opened in 2007, is located at Calle Serrano 187–189. According to Salvador Gutiérrez, an academic numerary of the institution, the Academy does not dictate the rules but studies the language, collects information and presents it. The rules of the language are simply the continued use of expressions, some of which are collected by the Academy. Although he also says that it
459-419: The arts and sciences, including several Spanish-language authors , known as The Immortals (Spanish: Los Inmortales ), similarly to their French Academy counterparts. The numeraries (Spanish: Números) are elected for life by the other academicians. Each academician holds a seat labeled with a letter from the Spanish alphabet , with upper and lower case letters denoting separate seats. Only eight letters of
486-472: The basic foundations for municipal government in the Philippines , and was put into effect starting in 1895. The preamble of the Maura Act declared that it would "insure to the natives, in the future, whenever it may be possible, the necessary land for cultivation, in accordance with traditional usages." However, it declared any titles issued after April 17, 1895, to have "no force and effect", established
513-420: The characteristic nature of the language, as gradually consolidated over the centuries, as well as establishing and disseminating the criteria for its proper and correct use, and contributing to its splendor. To achieve these ends, it shall study and promote the study of the history and present of Spanish, it shall disseminate the writings, literary—especially classics—and non-literary, that it deems important for
540-450: The knowledge of such matters, and will seek to keep alive the memory of those who, in Spain or in the Americas, have cultivated our language with glory. As a member of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, it shall maintain a special relation with the corresponding and associated academies. Members of the Academy are known as Académicos de número (English: Academic Numerary ), chosen from among prestigious people within
567-524: The main hallmark of the Spanish Academy, differentiating itself from other academies that had proliferated in the golden centuries and that were conceived as mere occasional literary gatherings. The RAE began establishing rules for the orthography of Spanish beginning in 1741 with the first edition of the Ortographía (spelled Ortografía from the second edition onwards). The proposals of
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#1732773378180594-538: The other Spanish language academies in its various works and projects. The 1999 Orthography was the first to be edited by the twenty two academies together. The current rules and practical recommendations on spelling are presented in the latest edition of the Ortografía (2010). The headquarters, opened in 1894, is located at Calle Felipe IV, 4, in the ward of Jerónimos , next to the Museo del Prado . The Center for
621-492: The same administration. During this period, he was elected served times as President of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. Although he had started his political career as a liberal, after the death of his brother-in-law Germán Gamazo in 1901, he assumed leadership of Gamazo's group, which would merge with the Conservative Party He was appointed by President Francisco Silvela as Minister of
648-406: The sister of Germán Gamazo. They had several sons and a daughter together, many of whom have been prominent in Spanish politics. He was elected a Congressman at Spain's Cortes Generales ( Congress of Deputies ) for Palma de Mallorca in 1881, which he would represent until 1923 in successive legislatures. His political career was marked by rapid advancements, including an initial appointment as
675-631: Was President again between January 1907 and October 1909, in a period of rare stability that earned the nickname "Long Government". He fell from power after his suppression of an uprising in Barcelona in 1909, called the Tragic Week . Maura was a hero of a youth movement, the Mauristas , that wanted him as a new head of state of Spain at a time of substantial resentment of King Alfonso XIII . That and Maura's ambition caused him to fall out with
702-582: Was awarded the title of Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece . He died on December 13, 1925, while painting in El Canto del Pico, Torrelodones . Royal Spanish Academy The Royal Spanish Academy ( Spanish : Real Academia Española [reˈal akaˈðemja espaˈɲola] , generally abbreviated as RAE ) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of
729-477: Was the seventh child in a family of ten siblings, His parents were Bartolomé, owner of a tannery, and Margarita, who devoted herself entirely to the care of her family. He moved to study law in Madrid . There, he met the brothers Trifino and Honorio Gamazo Calvo. This connection provided him an opportunity to intern at the law firm of Mr. Germán Gamazo , setting the stage for his future career in law and politics. In 1878, Maura married Constancia Gamazo y Calvo,
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