The Galician Massif or Galician-Leonese Massif ( Spanish : Macizo Galaico , also known as Macizo Galaico-Leonés ) is a system of mountain ranges in the northwestern corner of the Iberian Peninsula . It is located in Galicia with its southeastern end reaching into the provinces of Zamora and León of Castile and León . Its highest point is Pena Trevinca at 2,127 metres (6,978 ft) . Another important peak is Cabeza de Manzaneda (1,781 m).
31-776: In traditional local folklore the forests of the Galician System are said to be inhabited by a variety of elves , fairies , ghosts , the Santa Compaña , the Nubeiro and witches (meigas) . Geomorphologically the Galician Massif is a northwestern prolongation of the Meseta Central , the inner Iberian plateau and has great affinity with the geology of the Tras os Montes Portuguese region, so that it
62-603: A Galician traditional morning song adorned with the lyrics of one of her poems, a professional sports team, monuments at home and abroad, a theater, restaurants, a label of white wine, lodgings, a banknote formerly in circulation, a postage stamp, a FS98 Iberia Airbus A340, a sea-rescue plane, a school train and many streets have all taken her name. Small Stations Press published Rosalía de Castro's Galician Songs in English, translated by * Erín Moure , in 2013. The Moure translation of de Castro's New Leaves
93-511: A number of high-quality wines , including Albariño , Ribeiro , Ribeira Sacra , Monterrei and Valdeorras . The grape varieties used are local and rarely found outside Galicia and Northern Portugal. Just as notably from Galicia comes the spirit Aguardente —the name means burning water—often referred to as Orujo in Spain and internationally or as caña in Galicia. This spirit is made from
124-486: Is a meat or fish pie, with a bread-like base, top and crust with the meat or fish filling usually being in a tomato sauce including onions and garlic. Caldo galego is a hearty soup whose main ingredients are potatoes and a local vegetable named grelo (Broccoli rabe) . The latter is also employed in Lacón con grelos , a typical carnival dish, consisting of pork shoulder boiled with grelos , potatoes and chorizo . Centolla
155-573: Is a statue in her honor in the Galicia Square in the city of Porto, Portugal, by the sculptor Barata Feyo (September 1954). In the French-speaking world Folle Avoine in 2003 offered a French anthology of Galician poems translated by Jose-Carlos Gonzalez. The name Rosalía de Castro has been used by several institutions, public spaces and/or parks, and on consumer goods, thus showing the social influence and impact this poet has had on
186-492: Is also a growing sport in the region, with multiple teams from Galicia playing in GAA Europe competitions. Rosal%C3%ADa de Castro María Rosalía Rita de Castro ( Galician pronunciation: [rosaˈli.ɐ ðɪ ˈkastɾʊ] ; 23 February 1837 – 15 July 1885), was a Galician poet and novelist, considered one of the most important figures of the 19th-century Spanish literature and modern lyricism . Widely regarded as
217-694: Is buried in the Panteón de Galegos Ilustres , a pantheon (mausoleum) in the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Rosalía de Castro is today one of the unquestionable poets laureate of Galicia . Highly educated, expected to speak and write in Spanish and Galician she took the bold, unconventional step of writing her early poems in the Galician language. Her defiance earned her
248-521: Is considered as a whole under the name 'Galicia-Trás-os-Montes Zone'. It is composed of Paleozoic materials ( granite ) with metamorphic rocks such as gneiss , slate and schist in the center and west, which were subject to Alpine folding . Its eastern end merges with the Cantabrian Mountains . The relief of the system, with an average height of 500 metres (1,600 ft), is relatively smooth compared with other Iberian ranges. It
279-636: Is however very complex, having no defined structural alignment owing to the heavy fluvial erosion that has fragmented the terrain. Generally the system includes mountains that are rounded in shape, often topped by small rocky outcrops, as well as horsts , basins and faults , roughly aligned in a N-S direction. Since rain is abundant in Galicia, the undisturbed areas of the massif have a soft soil texture and are covered in dense vegetation of temperate deciduous forest where Quercus petraea and Quercus robur oaks predominate. The woods alternate with shrubland and wide natural meadows . The vegetation
310-435: Is quite homogeneous throughout the massif and there is great plant biodiversity in the Galician mountains. Many of the species found in the mountains were used in Galician traditional medicine . The Serra dos Ancares was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2006. From the southeast to the northwest the Galician Massif has three physiographic longitudinal sections: Galician culture The culture of Galicia
341-572: Is still available from AllBookstores.com. In 1964 the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs published a selection of Galician poems translated into English by Charles David Ley; this book may be found in Spanish Rare Books libraries. In Japan, the first volume of Rosalían poetry was translated in 2009 by Takekazu Asaka which is available from DTP Publishing (Tokyo). In the nineteen-nineties Katsuyo Ohata wrote two articles in
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#1732801484229372-550: Is the equivalent of King Crab . It is prepared by being boiled alive, having its main body opened like a shell, and then having its innards mixed vigorously. Another popular dish is octopus , boiled (traditionally in a copper pot) and served in a wooden plate, cut into small pieces and laced with olive oil, sea salt and pimentón (Spanish paprika). This dish is called Pulpo a la gallega or in Galician "Polbo á Feira", which roughly translates as "Galician-style Octopus". There are several regional varieties of cheese. The best-known one
403-551: Is the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the Galicia region of Spain and the Galician people . What dear delight this summer day, Its trees and flowers, to me doth bring, And birds that songs of love here sing, For joyfully without care I go, ev'n as all lovers fare, Who gay and merry are alway. And when I pass by streams that wind Beneath fair trees, through meadows fair, It their love-song
434-519: Is the so-called tetilla , named after its breast-like shape. Other highly regarded varieties include the San Simón cheese from Vilalba and the creamy cheese produced in the Arzúa - Curtis area. The latter area produces also high-quality beef. A classical dessert is filloas , crêpe-like pancakes made with flour, broth or milk, and eggs. When cooked at a pig slaughter festival, they may also contain
465-496: The Basque Country , Galicia also periodically fields a regional team against the international opposition (see Galicia autonomous football team ). Other popular sports in Galicia include futsal (a variety of indoor football), handball and basketball . Galicia is also noted for a great tradition of maritime sports, both sea and river-based - sports such as rowing , yachting , canoeing and surfing . Gaelic football
496-576: The Royal Galician Academy , historian , journalist and editor of Rosalía's books. The couple had seven children: Alexandra (1859–1937), Aura (1868–1942), twins Gala (1871–1964) and Ovidio (1871–1900), Amara (1873–1921), Adriano (1875–1876) and Valentina (stillborn, 1877). Only two of Rosalía's children married, Aura in 1897 and Gala in 1922; neither they nor their siblings left any children, and thus, today there are no living descendants of Rosalía de Castro and her husband. Their son Ovidio
527-603: The Séculos Escuros (lit. Dark Centuries), she became an important figure of the Galician Romantic movement, known today as the Rexurdimento ("Renaissance"), along with Manuel Curros Enríquez and Eduardo Pondal . Her poetry is marked by saudade , an almost ineffable combination of nostalgia, longing and melancholy. She married Manuel Murguía , a member of the important literary group known as
558-897: The 20th century, before the Spanish Civil War the Irmandades da Fala ("Brotherhood of the Language") and Grupo Nós included such writers as Vicente Risco , Ramón Cabanillas [ Wikidata ] and Castelao ; the Seminario de Estudos Galegos promoted the study of the language. Public use of Galician was largely suppressed in Francoist Spain but has been resurgent since the restoration of democracy. Contemporary Writers in Galician include Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín , Manuel Rivas , and Suso de Toro . Galician cuisine often uses fish and shellfish. The empanada
589-493: The Galician and Spanish languages, libraries, folk groups, choirs, and even a wine with the name Rías Baixas. There is also a plane from the airline Iberia , as well as an aircraft belonging to the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society ( Salvamento Marítimo ), have been given the name of Rosalía de Castro. Moreover, there are a multitude of monuments, commemorative plaques and sculptures dedicated to her in many parts of
620-597: The Galician language, since 1963. Día das Letras Galegas is an official holiday in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. Relative poverty and sadness marked Rosalía's life, in spite of this, she had a strong sense of commitment to the poor and to the defenseless. She was a strong opponent of abuse of authority and an ardent defender of women's rights . Rosalía suffered from uterine cancer and died in Padrón, province of A Coruña, Spain, on 15 July 1885. She
651-523: The Middle Ages, during the 12th-13th century, when a rich lyric tradition developed . However, in the face of the hegemony of Castilian Spanish, during the so-called Séculos Escuros ("Dark Centuries"), from 1530 to 1800, it fell from major literary or legal use, revived again during the 19th century Rexurdimento with such writers as Rosalía de Castro , Manuel Murguía , Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro [ Wikidata ] , and Eduardo Pondal . In
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#1732801484229682-425: The animal's blood. A famous almond cake called Tarta de Santiago (St. James' cake) is a Galician sweet speciality mainly produced in Santiago de Compostela. Galicia has 30 products with Denominación de orixe (D.O.), some of them with Denominación de Origen Protegida (D.O.P.). D.O. and D.O.P. are part of a system of regulation of quality and geographical origin among Spain's finest producers. Galicia produces
713-408: The birds say there, Then all in love I sing straightaway, And there of love compose my lay And love-songs make in many a kind. Great joy and mirth with me abide When birds sing in sweet summertide. Joan Airas [ Wikidata ] (13th century), translation by Aubrey F. G. Bell As with many other Romance languages , Galician-Portuguese emerged as a literary language in
744-534: The contempt and spite of many that deemed Galician as a Spanish dialect fit "only for the illiterate and the churlish". However, Rosalía's defiant gesture won her the love and admiration of the common folk, who spoke Galician at home or on a daily basis. Schools in Galicia, in Spain, in Russia and in Uruguay, libraries, cultural associations, awards, parks, folklore groups, choirs, compositions of her poems,
775-522: The distillation of the pomace of grapes. As in the rest of Spain, football is the most popular sport in Galicia. Deportivo de La Coruña , from the city of A Coruña , is the region's most successful club. Celta de Vigo , from Vigo , are also a major club and are Deportivo's principal regional rivals. When the two sides play, it is referred to as the Galician derby . SD Compostela from Santiago de Compostela and Racing Ferrol from Ferrol are two other notable club sides. Similarly to Catalonia and
806-408: The greatest Galician cultural icon, she was a leading figure in the emergence of the literary Galician language . Through her work, she projected multiple emotions, including the yearning for the celebration of Galician identity and culture , and female empowerment . She is credited with challenging the traditional female writer archetype. Writing in Galician and Spanish, after the period known as
837-466: The journal, "The Review of Inquiry and Research" at Kansai Gaidai University (Osaka, Japan) on the Galician poet: "El inconsciente creativo de Rosalía de Castro" and "En las orillas del Sar: El mundo íntimo de Rosalía de Castro." Editoria Crisálida, in 2008, published an anthology of Rosalía's Galician poems in Portuguese, translated by Andityas Soares de Moura [ Wikidata ] . There
868-487: The region. Today, it is possible to find schools and universities named after the writer in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Galicia as well as other parts of Spain, Russia , Venezuela ( Teatro Rosalía de Castro ) and Uruguay also have places that bear her name. Furthermore, there are numerous parks, plazas and streets, cultural associations, prizes granted to people that are intimately linked with
899-488: The world. On 23 October 1979, the last of the 500 peseta bills was printed, being that in 1987, this bill was to be substituted by a coin of the same value. The bill had the portrait of Rosalía de Castro displayed on the obverse side, created by Pablo Sampedro Moledo: on the reverse side were the House/Museum of Rosalía located in Padrón and a few handwritten verses from Rosalía de Castro's work Follas Novas. With
930-476: Was a promising painter, his career cut short by early death. Rosalía published her first collection of poetry in Galician, Cantares gallegos [ gl ] ("Galician Songs"), on 17 May 1863. This date, 17 May, is now known as the Día das Letras Galegas ("Galician Literature Day"), and commemorates Rosalía's achievement by dedicating, every year, this special day to a different writer, who must also write in
961-889: Was published by Small Stations in September 2016. In 2010 Edwin Mellen Press also published "the most thorough and representative volume of poetry and prose from Rosalía de Castro (1837–1885) ever translated into English." In 2007, Shearsman Books published a paperback of selected poems translated by Michael Smith. In 2004, Louis J. Rodrigues wrote for the literary magazine Babel a translation and analysis of two Rosalían poems, Nasín cando as prantas nasen and Negra Sombra . In 1991, State University of New York Press launched an English anthology edited and translated by Anna-Marie Aldaz, Barbara N. Gantt and Anne C. Bromley. In 1977 Kathleen Kulp-Hill translated several Galician poems as part of her work entitled "Rosalía de Castro"; this book