Misplaced Pages

#975024

22-428: Aside from its short season of availability, the popularity of the apple is compromised by the problems it gives orchardists. The 'Macoun' has a short stem, and there is a tendency for the apple to push itself off the branch as the fruit matures; also, the 'Macoun' tends not to produce reliable crops each year, with a good harvest followed by a sparser one. The patent application for the ' Honeycrisp ' apple stated that it

44-455: A serrated margin. The flowers are borne in corymbs , and have five petals , which may be white, pink, or red, and are perfect , with usually red stamens that produce copious pollen , and a half-inferior ovary ; flowering occurs in the spring after 50–80 growing degree days (varying greatly according to subspecies and cultivar ). Many apples require cross-pollination between individuals by insects (typically bees , which freely visit

66-637: Is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae , including the domesticated orchard apple , crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples ) and wild apples . The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere . Apple trees are typically 4–12 metres (13–39 feet) tall at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves are 3–10 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 –4 inches) long, alternate, simple, with

88-487: Is a globose pome , varying in size from 1–4 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) in diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) in M. sylvestris sieversii , 8 cm (3 in) in M. domestica , and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged star-like, each containing one or two seeds . 36 species and 4 hybrids are accepted. The genus Malus

110-832: Is an apple cultivar (cultivated variety) developed at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center at the University of Minnesota , Twin Cities . Designated in 1974 with the MN 1711 test designation, patented in 1988, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp, once slated to be discarded, has rapidly become a prized commercial commodity , as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it an ideal apple for eating raw. "...The apple wasn't bred to grow, store or ship well. It

132-458: Is an open cross-pollination between Honeycrisp and an unknown variety discovered in Minnesota in the early 1990s. Honeycrisp apple flowers are self-sterile , so another apple variety must be nearby as a pollenizer in order to get fruit. Most other apple varieties will pollenize Honeycrisp, as will varieties of crabapple . Honeycrisp will not come true when grown from seed. Trees grown from

154-491: Is not an important crop in most areas, being extremely sour due to malic acid (which like the genus derives from the Latin name mālum ), and in some species woody, so is rarely eaten raw. In some Southeast Asian cultures, they are valued as a sour condiment , sometimes eaten with salt and chilli or shrimp paste . Some crabapple varieties are an exception to the reputation of being sour, and can be very sweet, such as

176-812: Is subdivided into eight sections (six, with two added in 2006 and 2008). The oldest fossils of the genus date to the Eocene ( Lutetian ), which are leaves belonging to the species Malus collardii and Malus kingiensis from western North America (Idaho) and the Russian Far East ( Kamchatka ), respectively. 36 species and four natural hybrids are accepted: After Crabapples are popular as compact ornamental trees, providing blossom in spring and colourful fruit in autumn. The fruits often persist throughout winter. Numerous hybrid cultivars have been selected. Some crabapples are used as rootstocks for domestic apples to add beneficial characteristics. For example,

198-405: The pagan Anglo-Saxon Nine Herbs Charm , recorded in the 10th century. Applewood gives off a pleasant scent when burned, and smoke from an applewood fire gives an excellent flavour to smoked foods. It is easier to cut when green; dry applewood is exceedingly difficult to carve by hand. It is a good wood for cooking fires because it burns hot and slow, without producing much flame. Applewood

220-399: The 'Chestnut' cultivar. Crabapples are an excellent source of pectin . Using sugar and spices such as ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, and allspice, their juice can be made into ruby-coloured crab apple jelly with a full, spicy flavour. A small percentage of crabapples in cider makes a more interesting flavour. As Old English Wergulu , the crab apple is one of the nine plants invoked in

242-524: The Honeycrisp was a hybrid of the apple cultivars 'Macoun' and 'Honeygold' . However, genetic fingerprinting conducted by a group of researchers in 2004, which included those who were attributed on the US plant patent, determined that neither of these cultivars is a parent of the Honeycrisp. It found that one parent was a hybrid of the Keepsake (itself a hybrid of Frostbite (MN447) x Northern Spy ) while

SECTION 10

#1732783535976

264-618: The US off-season. The first batch of New Zealand-grown Honeycrisp cultivars being introduced to the North American market have been branded using the "HoneyCrunch" registered trademark. According to the US Apple Association website it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States. Crabapple See text Malus ( / ˈ m eɪ l ə s / or / ˈ m æ l ə s / )

286-491: The University of Minnesota between its inventors, the college and department in which the research was conducted, and a fund for other research. The University of Minnesota crossed Honeycrisp with another of their apple varieties, Minnewashta (brand name Zestar! ), to create a hybrid called Minneiska (brand name SweeTango ), released as a "managed variety" to control how and where it can be grown and sold. SugarBee

308-540: The apple trees. In emergencies, a bucket or drum bouquet of crabapple flowering branches is placed near the beehives as orchard pollenizers. Because of the plentiful blossoms and small fruit, crabapples are popular for use in bonsai culture. These cultivars have won the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit :- Other varieties are dealt with under their species names. The seeds contain cyanide compounds. Crabapple fruit

330-518: The first Honeycrisp apples to grocery stores in 1997. The name Honeycrisp was trademarked by the University of Minnesota, but university officials were unsure of its patent status in 2007. It is now the official state fruit of Minnesota. A large-sized honeycrisp will contain about 116 kilocalories (490 kJ). U.S. Plant Patent 7197 and Report 225-1992 (AD-MR-5877-B) from the Horticultural Research Center indicated that

352-428: The flowers for both nectar and pollen ); these are called self-sterile, so self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential. A number of cultivars are self-pollinating, such as 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden Delicious', but are considerably fewer in number compared to their cross-pollination dependent counterparts. Several Malus species, including domestic apples, hybridize freely. The fruit

374-552: The harvest is affected. As a result of the Honeycrisp apple's growing popularity, the government of Nova Scotia , Canada, spent over C$ 1.5 million funding a five-year Honeycrisp Orchard Renewal Program from 2005 to 2010 to subsidize apple producers to replace older trees (mainly McIntosh ) with newer higher-return varieties of apples: the Honeycrisp, Gala , and Ambrosia . Apple growers in New Zealand's South Island have begun growing Honeycrisp to supply consumers during

396-590: The other was identified in 2017 as the unreleased University of Minnesota selection MN1627. The grandparents of Honeycrisp on the MN1627 side are the Duchess of Oldenburg and the Golden Delicious . The US patent for the Honeycrisp cultivar expired in 2008, although patents in some countries don't expire until as late as 2031. Patent royalties had generated more than $ 10 million by 2011, split three ways by

418-422: The rootstocks of Malus baccata varieties are used to give additional cold hardiness to the combined plants for orchards in cold northern areas. They are also used as pollinizers in apple orchards . Varieties of crabapple are selected to bloom contemporaneously with the apple variety in an orchard planting, and the crabs are planted every sixth or seventh tree, or limbs of a crab tree are grafted onto some of

440-498: The seeds of Honeycrisp apples will be hybrids of Honeycrisp and the pollenizer. Young trees typically have a lower density of large, well-colored fruit, while mature trees have higher fruit density of fruit with diminished size and color quality. Fruit density can be adjusted through removal of blossom clusters or young fruit to counteract the effect. Flesh firmness is also generally better with lower crop densities. Bitter pit disproportionately affects Honeycrisps; typically 23% of

462-538: Was bred for taste: crisp, with balanced sweetness and acidity." It has larger cells than most apple cultivars, a trait which is correlated with juiciness, as larger cells are more prone to rupturing instead of cleaving along the cell walls; this rupturing effect is likely what makes the apple taste juicier. The Honeycrisp also retains its pigment well and has a relatively long shelf life when stored in cool, dry conditions. Pepin Heights Orchards delivered

SECTION 20

#1732783535976

484-470: Was descended from 'Macoun' crossed with ' Honeygold ', but this has since been disproved by genetic testing . The Price look-up code for all sizes of Macoun apples is 3073. The skin is a dark red with a purplish flush. Its very firm flesh is juicy and snow white, tasting sweet with a hint of berry. This article about apples or apple cultivars is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Honeycrisp Honeycrisp ( Malus pumila )

#975024