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15-441: The Madrean region is characterized by a very distinct flora with at least three endemic families ( Fouquieriaceae , Simmondsiaceae , and Setchellanthaceae ). Crossosomataceae , Garryaceae , Lennoaceae , Limnanthaceae and Stegnospermataceae have their principal development here; for Onagraceae , Polemoniaceae and Hydrophyllaceae it is the major center of diversity. More than 250 genera and probably more than half of

30-1089: A fragment of a cytochrome protein unrelated to flower coloration. Before the 2012 restructuring, two large groups of species had long been recognized in the genus Mimulus as it was traditionally defined, with the largest group of species in western North America , and a second group with center of diversity in Australia . In the 2012 restructuring of Mimulus by Barker, et al., based largely upon DNA evidence, seven species were left in Mimulus , 111 placed into Erythranthe (species with axile placentation and long pedicels ), 46 placed into Diplacus (species with parietal placentation and sessile flowers), two placed in Uvedalia , and one each placed in Elacholoma , Mimetanthe , and Thyridia . Removal of Mimulus from family Scrophulariaceae has been supported by studies of chloroplast DNA first published in

45-504: A historic era as in fossil flora . Lastly, floras may be subdivided by special environments: The flora of a particular area or time period can be documented in a publication also known as a " flora " (often capitalized as "Flora" to distinguish the two meanings when they might be confused). Floras may require specialist botanical knowledge to use with any effectiveness. Traditionally they are books , but some are now published on CD-ROM or websites . Simon Paulli 's Flora Danica of 1648

60-748: A principal center of diversity within the province. The flora of the Californian Province is partially shared with the spatially distant Chile-Patagonian region of the Antarctic kingdom and to a lesser extent Mediterranean region of the Holarctic kingdom . The vegetation of the Californian Province is varied. Wetter northern parts of the Californian province ( Northern California and Oregon ) as defined by Peter Raven and D.I. Axelrod, as well as by Conservation International , fall under

75-578: A work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) was first made by Jules Thurmann (1849). Prior to this, the two terms were used interchangeably. Plants are grouped into floras based on region ( floristic regions ), period, special environment, or climate. Regions can be distinct habitats like mountain vs. flatland. Floras can mean plant life of

90-578: Is also moderate (about 25%), but is much more considerable in such genera as Astragalus , Eriogonum , Penstemon , Cymopterus , Lomatium , Cryptantha , Chrysothamnus , Erigeron , Phacelia , Castilleja , and Gilia . The vegetation in the central Great Basin shrub steppe part of the province is dominated by Artemisia species and Chenopodiaceae genera. The Great Basin montane forests include ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine ( Pinus longaeva ) trees. The Californian province occupies Central and Southern California from

105-524: Is based on the Latin word mimus ('mimic', especially in the context of acting). This may have to do with the flowers seeming to have grinning faces resembling those of monkeys. The color patterns of Mimulus flowers are determined by an inverted repeat in the YELLOW UPPER (YUP) genetic locus. YUP causes production of phase-patterned siRNAs that regulate color carotenoids . YUP itself evolved from

120-604: Is probably the first book titled "Flora" to refer to the plant world of a certain region. It mainly describes medicinal plants growing in Denmark. The Flora Sinensis by the Polish Jesuit Michał Boym is another early example of a book titled "Flora". However, despite its title it covered not only plants but also some animals of the region, that is China and India. A published flora often contains diagnostic keys. Often these are dichotomous keys , which require

135-476: The Mexican Plateau region, including Madrean pine-oak woodlands . Flora Flora ( pl. : floras or florae ) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ( indigenous ) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna , and for fungi , it is funga . Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora as in

150-798: The Rocky Mountain region in Takhtajan and Thorne's system and are not parts of the Madrean region. The Sonoran province comprises arid areas in the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico from California and Baja California to Texas and Tamaulipas , including the Mojave (characterized by Yucca brevifolia , Joshua Tree), Sonora and Chihuahua Deserts. The vegetation is dominated by Yucca , Cactaceae species ( Opuntia spp. and other), as well as by Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush). The Mexican Highlands province comprises areas in

165-675: The species of the region are endemic to it according to Takhtajan. The region is subdivided into four floristic provinces : The Great Basin floristic province includes most of the Great Basin , as well as the Colorado Plateau , the Snake River Plain , and Arizona north of the Mogollon Rim . It shares much of its flora with the neighboring provinces and has only a few endemic genera . Species endemism

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180-548: The other five native to Asia, Australia, Africa, or Madagascar. In the past, about 150 species were placed in this genus, most of which have since been assigned to other genera, the majority to genus Erythranthe . Mimulus species prefer wet or moist areas and are not drought resistant. Several are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. The cultivar 'Highland Red' has received the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Mimulus

195-1080: The seashore to the foothills of the Cascade Range , the Sierra Nevada range, and northern parts of Baja California in Mexico . It possesses the most diverse flora within the floristic region. About half of the species are endemic. More than 50 genera (e.g. Adenostoma , Bergerocactus , Carpenteria , Cneoridium , Dendromecon , Fremontodendron , Jepsonia , Lyonothamnus , Neostapfia , Odontostomum , Ornithostaphylos , Pickeringia , Romneya ) are endemic or near-endemic as well. Arctostaphylos , Brodiaeinae , Calochortus , Caulanthus , Streptanthus , Ceanothus , Cryptantha , Downingia , Dudleya , Eritrichieae , Eriogonoideae , Gileae , Hydrophyllaceae , Limnanthaceae , Lotus , Madiinae , Mimulus , Onagreae , Epilobieae , Orcuttieae , Eschscholzioideae , Platystemonoideae , Astragalus and Cupressus have

210-457: The terms gut flora or skin flora . The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora , the goddess of plants , flowers , and fertility in Roman mythology . The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of

225-474: The user to examine a plant repeatedly, and decide which one of two alternatives given best applies to the plant. Mimulus Presently some 150, but see text Erythranthe , and see text Mimulus / ˈ m ɪ m juː l ə s / , also known as monkeyflowers , is a plant genus in the family Phrymaceae , which was traditionally placed in family Scrophulariaceae . The genus now contains only seven species, two native to eastern North America and

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