Misplaced Pages

#969030

64-585: It was owned in a 50/50 partnership by the South African telecommunications giant Telkom and British multinational operator Vodafone . On 6 November 2008, Vodafone announced that it had agreed to increase its stake to 64.5%, and Telkom said that it would spin off its remaining holding by listing it on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). On 1 April 2011, Vodacom officially unveiled its new change in branding from blue to red, using

128-645: A "Council of Censors" separate from the other branches of government, with the task of "recommending to the legislature the repealing of such laws as appear to them to have been enacted contrary to the principles of the constitution," an institution somewhat similar to a modern constitutional court. In 1919 the First Austrian Republic established the first dedicated constitutional court, the Constitutional Court of Austria , which however existed in name only until 10 October 1920, when

192-653: A 15% cut of the R70 billion ($ 4.74 billion) he claims "Please Call Me" has earned for Vodacom since its inception. A 2014 judgement in the South Gauteng High Court supported Makate's claim to having originated "Please Call Me." The court heard that, in November 2000, Makate had shared his idea (initially termed the "buzz" idea) with Philip Geissler, then board member and director of product development and management at Vodacom. Geissler had agreed to give Makate

256-482: A R200 million fine to settle complaints that it used its dominant market position to block competition from other network providers. Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law . Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional , i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights, and freedoms, among other things. Prior to 1919,

320-626: A court dismissed a joint Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and ICASA application to stop Vodacom's JSE listing. Chegoane Mabelane, the South African article writer and prominent supporter of both African National Congress (ANC) and its alliance; in one of his articles stated that the interdict to stop the listing was fair. In January 2010, the Sunday Times alleged that Alan Knott-Craig (Senior) , former Vodacom CEO, helped his son, Alan Knott-Craig with business ventures using Vodacom's resources. He also allegedly awarded

384-503: A cut should the "Please Call Me" innovation prove a success (however, there was no such agreement, written, oral, or implied – and no evidence to support it). Makate's witnesses presented emails sent by Geissler (Geissler was never called to testify by either party, raising suspicion that both parties would not have benefited from what Geissler would say under oath) and an article in Vodacom's "Talk Time" internal newsletter (such newsletter

448-409: A multimillion-rand contract to a marketing and advertising company run by his family members. In 2008, former employee Nkosana Makate took Vodacom to court, claiming that the profitable "Please Call Me" message service was originally his invention and demanding compensation. Eight years later, Makate eventually won his case in the Constitutional Court . Makate then entered negotiations with Vodacom for

512-596: A number of other powers and responsibilities which are assign to it by the state constitution  [ de ] . Bavarian Constitutional Court  [ de ] (German: Bayrischer Verfassungsgerichthof; abbreviated: VerfGH BY ) is the state constitutional court for the Free State of Bavaria . It is, along with the Landesregierung (state government) and the Landtag (state parliament), one of

576-449: A protocol which includes all ports and applications generally used in conjunction with them. These ports are sorted into a list of sorts. At the top of the list appear web browsing and email. These ports and the applications which use them receive the most bandwidth from the network. At the very bottom of the list are peer to peer applications, online games and virtual private networking (VPN). These receive very little if not no bandwidth from

640-608: A separate constitutional court, hearing as it does cases not touching on the Constitution. Source: Constitutional Court of Baden-Württemberg  [ de ] (German: Verfassungsgerichthof für das Land Baden-Württemberg ; abbreviated: VerfGH BW ) is the constiutional court for the German Land (state) of Baden-Württemberg and thereby a constitutional organ on the state level. Besides its power of judicial review ( Normenkontrolle  [ de ] ), it has

704-609: A separate special constitutional court that only heard cases concerning the constitutionality of the national legislature's acts became known as the Austrian System , and it was subsequently adopted by many other countries e.g. Liechtenstein (1925), Greece (1927), Spain (1931), Germany (1949) etc. Following list consists countries with separate constitutional courts. Yet some other countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their ordinary court system, with

SECTION 10

#1732780956970

768-797: A subscriber base of more than 45M, with an average revenue per user of more than R60 across both rural and urban subscribers. Vodacom, together with the other operators, have come under criticism in late 2009 by government and the public for high interconnect charges. In 2005, the Department of Communications redefined the Electronics Communications Act, which consolidated and redefined the landscape of telecommunications licensing in South Africa (both mobile and fixed). The Independent Communications Authority (ICASA) currently licenses more than 400 independent operators with

832-546: Is a Telkom bit-stream access product allowing ISPs to route internet bandwidth from their ADSL subscribers over their own bandwidth. Originally, three connection rate ranges are offered (associated with different connection fees) which are "Fast" (1024/384 kbit/s), "Faster" (up to 2048/512 kbit/s), "Fastest" up to 10240/1002 kbit/s ( ADSL2+ )) of bandwidth for downstream/upstream respectively existed. The actual speed obtained can vary depending on line conditions. These connection rate ranges have since changed, with

896-546: Is a licensed infrastructure service provider, installing FTTH infrastructure throughout South Africa and providing products and services to internet service providers. In 2021, Openserve joined the Internet Service Providers' Association of South Africa. Telkom acquired Business Connexion in August 2015 for approximately ZAR 2.6 billion with the strategic intent of obtaining a significant presence in

960-577: Is currently the largest provider of fixed-line broadband in the country, with 412 190 subscribers according to the 2008 annual report. Telkom ADSL is billed as an add-on service to a POTS voice line. A PPPoE account, which can be provided by most Internet Service Providers (ISPs), must be purchased separately to the ADSL connection for internet access. ISPs are divided into two categories, those who purchase IPConnect from Telkom and those who resell PPPoE accounts from IPConnect ISPs or Telkom themselves. IPConnect

1024-443: Is expanding its service portfolio across managed voice, managed data, IT services & applications, and diversifying into new revenue growth opportunities in adjacent markets. Recent acquisitions of Kenyan ISP Africa Online, and Nigerian mobile operator Multi-Links gives Telkom strategic hubs to expand data and voice services into Africa. Africa Online (AFOL) is a Pan African Internet Service Provider operating in eight countries with

1088-520: Is introducing converged fixed and mobile services to the Nigerian market. High cost of Internet access is a major point of consumer frustration in South Africa. Telkom's monopoly, backed by government investment, over fixed line provision and international access is often pointed out as the primary reason for the high costs of telecommunications. The continuing monopoly of Telkom in South Africa's communications industry, and government's large stake in

1152-607: Is located in the same building as the Kammergericht ( Oberlandesgericht ) and is authorized by Article 84 Constitution of the city-state of Berlin  [ de ] . It has the power of judicial review, the power to review electoral complaints and the power to hear cases concerning complaints against referendums and popular initiatives among others. Constitutional Court of Brandenburg  [ de ] (German: Verfassungsgerichthof des Landes Brandenburg ; abbreviated: VerfG BB ) State Constitutional Court of

1216-694: The African continent . Telkom is majority state-owned (55.3%) with the South African government owning 40.5% of Telkom, while another 14.8% is owned by another state-owned company - the Public Investment Corporation (PIC), which is closely linked to the South African government. The first use of telecommunication in South Africa happened in April 1860 was a single line telegraph connecting Cape Town and Simonstown . In 1879,

1280-647: The Pretoria -based Vodacom Blue Bulls and own the naming rights to the union's home stadium, Loftus Versfeld . As part of their rugby union sponsorship portfolio, Vodacom has been the title sponsor of the Super Rugby tournament in South Africa since 1996. In football , they sponsor two clubs in the Premier Soccer League : the Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates . They also sponsor

1344-486: The Public Investment Corporation (also known as PIC, wholly owned by the South African Government), Lazard (US), Blackrock (US), The Vanguard Group (US), Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (also known as GIC, Singapore ), Old Mutual (ZA), Abax (ZA), Sanlam (ZA), and State Street Global Advisors (US). Vodacom launched iPhone 7 in South Africa on 14 October 2016. It launched

SECTION 20

#1732780956970

1408-667: The South African Football Association and the national teams Bafana Bafana (men), Amajita (under 20s), and previously Banyana Banyana (women). However, competitor MTN was one of the sponsors of the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa. Past sponsorships include the national rugby union team, the Springboks , from 1994 to 2017, and the South African Shelby Can-Am series between 2000 and 2005. On May 17, 2009,

1472-523: The Supreme Court of Appeal against its favor in which the judge described Telkom's legal team as conducting "verbal manipulation". On 19 January 2007, a full-page advertisement was taken out in The Mail and Guardian , a national South African newspaper. Money for the ad was donated by dissatisfied South African individuals and businesses. The page was used as a public outcry, detailing some of

1536-504: The iPhone Xs and Xs Max on 28 September 2018 starting at R21,999 ($ 1,650) on a 24 month contract. The Samsung Galaxy S8 was officially launched on 5 May 2017. In 2017, TechCrunch reported that Vodacom partnered with GameMine in a $ 20 million deal to install subscription-based mobile games on Vodacom's smartphones. Telkom (South Africa) Telkom SA SOC Limited is a South African wireline and wireless telecommunications provider, operating in more than 38 countries across

1600-555: The yebo gogo campaign which is still in effect today in Africa. Vodacom is the leading cellular network in South Africa with a market share of over 40% and more than 45 million users. The company has an estimated market share of 58% and more than 103 million customers across Africa. In 2021, Vodacom proposed a merger with fibre group Maziv. In October 2024, the South African Competition Tribunal blocked

1664-536: The 9th country through a joint-venture with Verizon South Africa. Multi-Links is a private telecommunications operator (as of 2009 a wholly owned Telkom subsidiary) with a Unified Access License allowing fixed, mobile, data, long-distance and international telecommunications services focused primarily on corporate clients in Nigeria. Via Africa Online, Telkom intends leveraging its international capacity to deploy satellite based Internet access. Through Multi-Links, Telkom

1728-1015: The Electronic Communications Network License (with the ability to self-provision) as well as issuing Electronic Communications Service Licenses for service deployment over infrastructure in the retail domain. Nowadays, Telkom faces competition from the second Fixed Network Operator Licensee, Neotel , as well as the three mobile operators, Vodacom, MTN, and Cell-C. Telkom SA is structured under Group CEO. The retail division, including Telkom Business, Telkom Mobile, Consumer Marketing, Cloud, IT Operations, and its Wholesale and Networks division (Openserve). Cybernest focuses on Telkom's newly deployed DCO infrastructure in Cape Town, Pretoria , and Johannesburg , as well as services thereupon, including data hosting, LAN and application management, and managing IT infrastructure for corporate and large business customers. Openserve

1792-805: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen  [ de ] (German: Staatsgerichtshof der Freien Hansestadt Bremen ; abbreviated: StGH HB ) Constitutional Court of Hamburg  [ de ] (German: Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht ; abbreviated: VerfG HH ) State Constitutional Court of Hesse (StGH HE) Land Constitutional Court of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (VerfG MV) State Constitutional Court of Lower Saxony (StGH NDS) Constitutional Court of North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Verfassungsgericht für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen ; abbreviated: VerfGH NRW or VGH NRW ) Constitutional Court of Rhineland-Palatinate (VerfGH RP) Constitutional Court of Saarland (VerfGH SL) Constitutional Court of

1856-468: The Free State of Saxony (VerfGH SN) Land Constitutional Court of Saxony-Anhalt (VerfG ST) Land Constitutional Court of Schleswig-Holstein (VerfG SH) Thuringian Constitutional Court (VerfGH TH) Before 2020, several republics of Russia had their own constitutional courts, while in other federal subjects like oblasts and federal cities they were known as charter courts, as republics are

1920-565: The High Court found against Makate's claim for compensation, holding Vodacom's argument that Geissler had not had the authority to promise Makate such compensation and that the debt would have expired (in legal terms, been prescribed) within three years. Makate took the case on appeal , and then took it to the Constitutional Court . In April 2016, Justice Chris Jafta found in Makate's favour and against Vodacom, overturning both judgements by

1984-570: The High Court, finding that Geissler had the authority to promise compensation, and that Makate's case was not based on an unpaid debt. In Jafta's words: “In not compensating the applicant [Makate] [….] Vodacom associated itself with the dishonourable conduct of its former CEO, Mr Knott-Craig and his colleague, Mr Geissler, and this leaves a sour taste in the mouth. It is not the kind of conduct to be expected from an ethical corporate entity.” In an open letter to Makate on Facebook, civic society non-profit Right2Know congratulated Makate. Right2Know used

Vodacom - Misplaced Pages Continue

2048-497: The Information Technology (IT) market in South Africa. This was the second attempt at the acquisition by Telkom and was subject to a number of prescribed conditions set out by the competition authorities i.e. one of which was to ensure minimal impact on staff retrenchments. The integration of the two organisations enabled a new and compelling value proposition to be offered to private and public business customers in

2112-464: The SAT3 cable that provides most of South Africa's international bandwidth. The indecision over the second network operator Neotel , to Telkom's advantage, is also not considered to be in the public interest. Telkom has also attracted attention for improperly conducting itself in a contract dispute with Telcordia on account of non-delivery of an integrated FlowThru solution, resulting in a decision from

2176-461: The South African government have lowered many restrictions on companies wishing to provide telecommunication access in the Republic. Competitors to the land-line monopoly have flourished, with special note given to providers of wireless broadband , who provide greater geographical penetration, by means of the technology used, than Telkom. Examples of these providers include Sentech, an extension of

2240-670: The Telkom Music, a music streaming service that is made available via the Telkom Music Powered By JOOX app in South Africa on 22 July 2021. The Telkom Music Powered by JOOX app was reviewed by Arthur Goldstuck , founder of World Wide Worx. Telkom Group Limited includes South African subsidiaries, BCX , Gyro and Openserve . The FastNet subsidiary was incorporated into BCX in 2018 with all enterprise wireless solutions, including microwave, satellite, 4G/5G and Wi-Fi solutions. Recent legislation passed by

2304-581: The United States, Canada and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review by their courts, following shared principles of their similar common law legal systems , which they, in turn, had inherited from British colonial law. The Parthenopean Republic 's constitution of 1799, written by Mario Pagano , envisaged an organ of magistrates reviewing constitutional law, the eforato , but lasted only 6 months. The 1776 Constitution of Pennsylvania and 1777 Constitution of Vermont both establish

2368-580: The companies that comprised the Vodacom Group include, but are not limited to the following: ownership (%) employees customers The shares of Vodacom Group are listed and traded on the JSE, under the ticker symbol : VOD. The shareholding in the group's stock was as depicted in the table below in May 2022. wholly owned by South African Government Institutional investors include, in order of held stock,

2432-460: The company, have been perceived by the public, consumers, and the private sector as not being in the public's best interests. The South African telecommunications regulator ICASA is overburdened and restricted in its capabilities as handed down by the Department of Communications . Telkom has a monopoly of all international calls originating within South Africa excluding VoIP, and of traffic over

2496-511: The country's new constitution came into effect, upon which the court gained the power to review the laws of Austria's federal states . The 1920 Constitution of Czechoslovakia , which came into effect on 2 February 1920, was the first to provide for a dedicated court for judicial review of parliamentary laws, but the court did not convene until November 1921. The organization and competences of both courts were influenced by constitutional theories of Hans Kelsen . Subsequently, this idea of having

2560-569: The customer. This is a fine example of a monopoly that would, in true free market environments, soon fail. Another promising technology is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), which may decrease the number of calls made over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) in the near future. Telkom's international calling rates are already far undercut by VoIP providers. Telkom operates in 38 countries in Africa, from regional hubs in Nigeria and Kenya via an integrated service provider strategy . It

2624-601: The domestic market. Jeffrey Hedberg was appointed acting group chief executive officer on 7 July 2010 following Reuben September's resignation. Jeffrey was the CEO of Cell C from 2006 to 2009. However, on 13 January 2011, TechCentral reported that Hedberg would quit Telkom by the end of March 2011, citing that he felt that he would not be given the mandate he needed to fix Telkom commercially and operationally In 2013, allegations of corruption in terms of poor procurement practice, nepotism and mismanagement were unveiled. Telkom

Vodacom - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-444: The end of the month. The user can purchase extra GBs after he/she is capped however. The typical monthly traffic limits can be used up in less than a day, even on low-speed lines. Another major criticism of Telkom was its institution of port prioritization or "shaping". This also was a measure introduced by Telkom in order for networks throughout South Africa not to become congested with too much information. However, port prioritization

2752-418: The federal subjects were disestablished by the 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia . As for 2020, constitutional courts remained in force in the 12 (out of 22) following republics: In the republics of Buryatia and Tuva , the constitutional courts were abolished by the republican constitutional laws in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the republics of Bashkortostan , Tatarstan , and Sakha ,

2816-405: The final decision-making power resting in the supreme ordinary court . Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts". For example, the Supreme Court of the United States has been called the world's oldest constitutional court because it was one of the earliest courts in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional ( Marbury v. Madison ), even though it is not

2880-484: The first undersea links were introduced, first connecting Durban and Europe . In the 1960s, South Africa was connected to 72 nations and total outgoing annual international calls numbered over 28,800. In 1994, South Africa launched its mobile operations, underwritten by Telkom in partnership with Vodafone . This subsidiary grew to be Vodacom , which Telkom sold in late 2008 in preference for its own 3G network (established as 8ta, but now Telkom Mobile). Vodacom has

2944-562: The first place. In October 2013, Vodacom announced it would be acquiring Neotel in a potential US$ 590 million deal. Even though regulatory approval by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) was obtained in 2015, the deal ultimately collapsed in March 2016 after competitors successfully challenged the transfer of Neotel's licenses and spectrum to Vodacom in court. As at March 2023,

3008-512: The general feeling in the South African ADSL community is that monthly traffic limits were strategically put in place by Telkom in order to obtain the maximum amount of money from ADSL users. This is mainly because Telkom offers extra bandwidth to users for a price. If the limit is exceeded during the course of the month, the ADSL connection is capped, denying international access to the web, while allowing access to local websites, until

3072-524: The home user. On 7 April 2017, Vodacom's 4G+ network in Brooklyn Mall , Pretoria achieved 240 Mbit/s in a speed test. In early 2020 Vodacom also became the second network operator in Africa to launch a live 5G network, initially available in Johannesburg, Pretoria and Cape Town . Vodacom is a sponsor of many South African sports. In provincial rugby union , they are the sponsors of

3136-726: The last mile infrastructure due to the government and ICASA's (the regulator) inability and unwillingness to unbundle the local-loop, leading some to suggest that it's not much more than a cellular operator instead of the much needed competitor to Telkom. The three mobile telephone networks in South Africa, listed in terms of numbers of subscribers, are Vodacom (currently 65% owned by the United Kingdom 's Vodafone , but until November 2008 jointly with Telkom SA), MTN and Cell C . There are several service providers, such as Virgin Mobile and Nashua Mobile, which subscribers can use to access

3200-463: The letter to draw attention to the hypocrisy of multinational corporations which claim to support young black South African innovators such as Makate, but whose anti-competitive practices often strangle meaningful innovation. The letter also drew attention to the fact that South Africa's telecommunications duopoly (Vodacom–MTN) had led to the kind of unaffordable tariffs which made the "Please Call Me" service so successful with impoverished consumers in

3264-578: The managed services market and has more than 250 corporate customers on its order book. Telkom SA operates 4.5M fixed access lines, bases on its 2008 annual report. Telkom provides ADSL retail services via their ISP Telkom Internet to consumer and business customers, and through Telkom Wholesale to other licensed operators. Most ISPs in South Africa , such as Afrihost , utilise Telkom's copper infrastructure for reselling ADSL services. Telkom provides ADSL with POTS . According to Telkom's figures, 92% of exchanges have been upgraded to support ADSL. Telkom

SECTION 50

#1732780956970

3328-741: The minimum speed currently being 2048/512 kbit/s and mid-range 5120/512 kbit/s. Telkom have released a 10 Mbit ADSL 2+ service for a limited amount of "Fastest" users on 15 August 2010. From 18 October 2011, Telkom Internet launched business offerings, and has subsequently increased value with speed upgrades and improved prioritisation for business users, as well as converting products to include soft-capping (unlimited browsing). Telkom Internet offers business and residential SoftCap packages (as of 1 February 2012). As of 24 August 2012, "Faster" (1024 kbit/s) users started reporting speed upgrades to 2 Mbit/s (2048 kbit/s) on their ADSL Lines. As of 2 September 2012, Telkom have begun

3392-641: The network. Being unable to establish international VPN connections on the standard package has a detrimental effect on international freelancers who must pay for the much more expensive 'unshaped' service. Although it is the ideal solution for large companies, there is no choice in the shaping matter. Personal connections to the internet also get shaped. This has caused an uproar in the South African P2P and online gaming community as one has to pay over exorbitant prices (roughly two times more) to get their connections "unshaped." In June 2013, Telkom accepted

3456-409: The networks. There are approximately six times as many cellphone subscribers than land line subscribers in South Africa (30 million versus 5 million), and since these networks route their calls over their own network, GSM providers have taken a large chunk of Telkom's business, one reason for this is that many see Telkom as being an inept corporation, only interested in making money, failing to consider

3520-516: The only federal subjects to have their own constitutions. Constitutional and charter courts were completely independent and were not subordinate courts to the Constitutional Court of Russia . Constitutional and charter courts used to hear cases relating to conformity with regional constitutions or charters of laws adopted by regional legislatures and governors' decrees, and in this category of cases constitutional and charter courts were courts of single instance. Constitutional and charter courts of

3584-532: The process of trialing 40 Mbit/s VDSL and FTTx. Telkom had offered 3G products available since 2008. The coverage was initially limited to a small part of the country. Telkom entered the South African Cellular market under the brand 8ta . The public launch of the network took place on 14 October 2010 and products have been available since 18 October 2010, supporting both GSM and 3G services. Telkom partnered with Tencent Africa to launch

3648-430: The proposed merger. In November 2024, Vodacom said it would not look into other M&A deals. Vodacom South Africa provides 3G , 4G , and UMTS networks in South Africa, and also offers HSPA+ (21.1 Mbit/s), HSUPA (42 Mbit/s, 2100 MHz), Wi-Fi, WiMAX , and LTE services. Vodacom was the first cellular provider to introduce LTE in South Africa. On 21 October 2015, Vodacom launched its fibre product to

3712-406: The same style as its parent company, Vodafone. Vodacom provides coverage to Mount Kilimanjaro , which was the highest point in the world to be covered by GSM , until Axiata (through its subsidiary Ncell ) provided coverage at the top of Mount Everest , the highest point in the world. Vodacom was aided by its optimistic advertisements at the early stages of the democratic South Africa, including

3776-415: The state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation , and WBS Co., a black owned enterprise. On 31 August 2006, Neotel (Second Network Operator) announced the launch of its services as the second national operator, initially offering wholesale international services, with plans to expand to business & residential customers within months. Neotel plans to initially use CDMA-2000 wireless technology for

3840-525: The things Telkom has done, in hopes of bringing more attention to the current situation in South Africa's telecoms industry. The effort was organised by the Telecoms Action Group, TAG. Perhaps one of the biggest criticisms of Telkom was its introduction of a monthly traffic limit or "cap". According to Telkom, this was a measure instituted in order for the South African network not to become "congested" with an overflow of information. However,

3904-476: The three state constitutional institutions and has the power of judicial review: It may examine the compatibility of state laws with the state constitution . Constitutional Court of Berlin (German: Verfassungsgerichthof des Landes Berlin ; abbreviated: VerfGH BE ) is the constitutional court of the city-state of Berlin which is simultaneously the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany . It

SECTION 60

#1732780956970

3968-506: Was an idea conceived mainly to benefit businesses in which employees all shared the same internet connection. Employees who used "bandwidth hogging" applications such as peer-to-peer (P2P) applications and network-intense online games often slowed down the network dramatically, preventing users who wished to browse web pages or check their mail to do so in a short space of time. Port prioritization solves this problem as it prioritizes certain ports for certain applications. It works according to

4032-451: Was managed by US-based SBC Communications (now AT&T Inc. ) from 1997 to 2004. SBC has since sold its interest in the company, after reducing operational expenditure (reducing staff resources, etc.) and increasing revenue by increased product prices, thereby increasing the share-price for greater ROI. The company is currently the market leader in the broadband space, with more than 500,000 customers on 2-40 Mbit/s DSL; it dominates

4096-503: Was written, edited, and printed by a third party in Cape Town) which acknowledged and praised Makate for his idea and his contribution to the product. The court also rejected former CEO Alan Knott-Craig 's claim that he had come up with the idea. Knott-Craig had published the claim in his autobiography, and later repeated in court, that he had the idea while watching two security guards trying to communicate on phones without airtime. Yet

#969030