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27-630: Makin Island may refer to: Places [ edit ] Butaritari , an atoll in Kiribati known to U.S. military forces during World War II as "Makin Atoll" and "Makin Island" Makin (atoll) , the local, and now preferred, name for an atoll in Kiribati adjacent to Butaritari, known to U.S. military forces during World War II as "Little Makin" Ships [ edit ] USS  Makin Island  (CVE-93) ,

54-472: A United States Navy escort aircraft carrier in commission from 1944 to 1946 USS  Makin Island  (LHD-8) , a United States Navy amphibious assault ship commissioned in 2009 See also [ edit ] Makin (disambiguation) Makian , a volcanic island in Indonesia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

81-455: A battle station. The number of trained combat troops on Makin was no more than 300 soldiers. The garrison included three tanks and three 37 mm (1.5 inch) anti-tank guns. Butaritari's land defenses were centered around the lagoon shore, near the seaplane base in the central part of the island. A series of strongpoints was established along Butaritari's ocean side as the Japanese expected

108-592: A large lagoon and wide reef. Butaritari has the greatest potential for agriculture in Kiribati: bananas, breadfruit and papaya grow well, and successful cultivars of pumpkin, cabbage, cucumber, eggplant and other vegetables have been created with assistance from the Taiwan Technical Mission based in South Tarawa . However, most households keep to a subsistence lifestyle and, although food

135-551: A person who should not be threatened or harmed. The last Uea was Nauraura Nakoriri who was in power both before and after the Gilberts became a British Protectorate in 1892. Butaritari Post Office opened on 1 January 1911. The Japanese trading company Nanyo Boeki Kabushiki Kaisha established operations in Butaritari Village. W. R. Carpenter & Co. (Solomon Islands) Ltd was established in 1922. Through

162-539: A system very different from the southern Gilbert Islands where power was wielded collectively by the unimwane or old men. The people of Kuma village had the power to call dolphins or whales, and used this ability on special occasions to provide meat for important feasts such as the opening of a new maneaba . The islands were visited as part of the United States Exploring Expedition in 1841. Any possible Guano Islands Act claim by

189-567: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Butaritari Butaritari is the second most northerly of the Gilbert Islands ; 3 kilometres (1.6 nmi; 1.9 mi) to the northeast is Makin . Butaritari was called Makin Atoll by the U.S. military , and present-day Makin was then known as Makin Meang (Northern Makin) or Little Makin to distinguish it. Now that Butaritari has become

216-455: Is grown is the major concern of islanders. The erosion problems are identified as being linked to aggregate mining, land reclamation and the construction of causeways that is thought to change the currents along the shoreline. The causeways have also resulted to reduced flushing of the lagoon that has resulted in low levels of oxygen, therefore causing damage to fish stocks in the lagoon and causes other biological problems. Aggregate mining and

243-521: Is plentiful, money is often scarce as there are few paid jobs on the island. There are different stories told as to the creation of Butaritari and the other islands in the Southern Gilberts. An important legend in the culture of Butaritari is that spirits who lived in a tree in Samoa migrated northward carrying branches from the tree, Te Kaintikuaba , which translates as the tree of life. It

270-657: The Marshall Islands , Makin would make an excellent seaplane base, extending Japanese air patrols closer to Howland Island , Baker Island , Tuvalu , Phoenix and Ellice Islands , all held by the Allies and protecting the eastern flank of the Japanese perimeter from an Allied attack. Butaritari atoll was the site of the Makin Raid in August 1942, when two companies of the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion landed from

297-651: The United States to Butaritari and Little Makin was renounced in the 1970s. The first traders resident in the Gilberts were Randell and Durant who arrived in 1846. Durant moved on to Makin , while Randell remained on Butaritari. The earliest trading companies on Butaritari were the Hamburg -based Handels-und Plantagen-Gesellschaft der Südsee-Inseln zu Hamburg (DHPG) with Pacific headquarters in Samoa , and On Chong ( Chinese traders with Australian connections via

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324-539: The submarines USS Argonaut and USS Nautilus , as a feint to draw Japanese attention away from the planned invasion route through the Solomons . While they annihilated the local garrison, they failed in their initial objectives of taking prisoners and gathering intelligence. On the eve of invasion, the Japanese garrison consisted of 806 men. Most were of aviation or Japanese and Korean labor units who had little or no combat training and were not assigned weapons or

351-416: The 1920s On Chong experienced gradual decline in its operations as the result of low copra prices. Eventually On Chong was taken over by W. R. Carpenter & Co. On 10 December 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor , 300 Japanese troops, plus laborers of the "Gilberts Invasion Special Landing Force" arrived off Butaritari — then known as "Makin" — and occupied without resistance. Lying east of

378-521: The Europeans, and the alcohol they traded to the islanders, resulted in periodic alcoholic binges that only ended with Nakaeia making tapu (forbidding) the sale of alcohol. During the 15 or so days that Stevenson spent on Butaritari the islanders were engaged in a drunken spree that threatened the safety of Stevenson and his family. Stevenson adopted the strategy of describing himself as the son of Queen Victoria so as to ensure that he would be treated as

405-423: The entrance passages are relatively narrow. The south and southeast portion of the atoll comprises a nearly continuous islet, broken only by a single, broad section of interislet reef. These islets are mostly between 0.2 km (0.1 mi) and 0.5 km (0.3 mi) across, but widen in the areas where the reef changes directions. Mangrove swamps appear well developed in these latter areas as well as all along

432-530: The fortified strongpoints one by one. Despite their great superiority in men and weapons, the Americans had considerable difficulty subduing the island's small defensive force. On November 23 the force commander reported "Makin taken." As compared to an estimated 395 Japanese and Koreans killed in action, American combat casualties numbered 66 killed and 152 wounded. But when the American losses incurred during

459-502: The goldfields). These traders helped Butaritari became the commercial and trading capital of the Gilbert Islands until Burns Philp , a powerful trading company, moved to Tarawa , following the seat of political power. Robert Louis Stevenson , Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne visited Butaritari from 14 July 1889 to early August. At this time Nakaeia was the ruler of Butaritari and Makin atolls , his father being Tebureimoa and his grandfather being Tetimararoa. Nakaeia

486-425: The invasion to come from there, following the example of a raid in 1942. Without aircraft, ships, or hope of reinforcement or relief, the outnumbered and outgunned defenders could only try to delay the American attack for as long as possible. American air operations began on November 13, 1943, followed by bombardment from fire support ships. Troops began to go ashore on November 20, and the attacking troops knocked out

513-416: The preferred name for the larger atoll, speakers tend to drop the qualifier for Makin. Butaritari has also previously been known as Pitt Island, Taritari Island, or Touching Island. The atoll is roughly four-sided and nearly 30 km (19 mi) across in the east–west direction, and averages about 15 km (9 mi) north to south. The reef is more submerged and broken into several broad channels along

540-463: The removal of coral boulders is exacerbating coastal erosion. The population of Butaritari in the 2010 Census was 4,346 people, inhabiting twelve villages: Butaritari is one of the lushest of the islands of Kiribati due to good rainfall. Typical annual rainfall is about 4 m, compared with about 2 m on Tarawa Atoll and 1 m in the far south of Kiribati. Rainfall on Butaritari is enhanced during an El Niño . Butaritari has rich marine resources, with

567-485: The sinking of the escort carrier USS Liscome Bay on November 24 by a Japanese submarine are included, the loss balance tips toward the other side. Counting the 687 sailors who went down with the carrier, American casualties exceeded the strength of the entire Japanese garrison on Makin. Butaritari is served by a twice weekly air service connecting with neighbouring Makin and the capital, South Tarawa , provided by Air Kiribati . The runway of Butaritari Atoll Airport

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594-432: The southern lagoon shore. (Narrow islets are somewhat characteristic of Kiribati atolls running east–west.) Bikati and Bikatieta islets occupy a corner of the reef at the extreme northwest tip of the atoll, bordering a small lagoon to the north of the main lagoon. There is a village on the larger Bikati (2 by 0.5 km). Seepage of saltwater into the pits in which babai ( Cyrtosperma merkusii or giant swamp taro )

621-401: The title Makin Island . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makin_Island&oldid=1061587884 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Ship disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

648-413: The west side. Small islets are found on reef sections between these channels. The atoll reef is continuous but almost without islets along the north side. In the northeast corner, the reef is some 1.75 km (1.09 mi) across and with only scattered small islet development. Thus, the lagoon of Butaritari is very open to exchange with the ocean. The lagoon is deep and can accommodate large ships, though

675-416: Was described by Stevenson as “a fellow of huge physical strength, masterful, violent … Alone in his islands it was he who dealt and profited; he was the planter and the merchant” with his subjects toiling in servitude and fear. Nakaeia allowed two San Francisco trading firms to operate, Messrs. Crawford and Messrs. Wightman Brothers, with up to 12 Europeans resident on islands of the atolls . The presence of

702-479: Was originally built as the World War II American strip (Starmann Field) . An international air service with a route of Tarawa Atoll –Butaritari– Majuro operated for a short period in 1995. The aim was to facilitate the development of a strong cash crop economy on the island and link the Marshall Islands with Kiribati. With the demise of Air Nauru in 2008, the only international air connection

729-709: Was these spirits, together with Nareau the Wise who created the islands of Tungaru (the Gilbert Islands). The Spanish expedition led by Pedro Fernandes de Queirós sighted the Buen Viaje (good trip in Spanish) Islands (Butaritari and Makin ) on 8 July 1606. Traditionally, Butaritari and Makin were ruled by a chief or Uea who lived on Butaritari Island. This chief had all the powers and authority to make and impose decisions for Butaritari and Makin,

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