66-552: Maharaja Sir Manindra Chandra Nandy KCIE (29 May 1860 – 12 November 1929) was the Maharaja of Cossimbazar Raj from 1898 to 1929, a philanthropist and reformist during the period of Bengal Renaissance . Manindra Chandra Nandy was born on 29 May 1860 at Shyambazar in North Kolkata in present-day West Bengal , India . His ancestral house was at Shyambazar , North Kolkata . From his mother's side he belonged to
132-579: A Srivijaya Monarchy. In the 12th century with the fall of the empire, the Seri King being a Muslim established the Sultanate of Brunei in 1363 with the throne name Sultan Mohamad Shah. In 1426, he established the sultanate of sulu as his death was recorded in 1431 Mt. Makatangis Sulu grave and 1432 Brunei grave. Both Sulu and Brunei claim the honor of his grave, while his brother, a Johore (Singapore) Prince Makdum Karim (Sharif Kabungsuwan of Malabang Lanao)
198-771: A belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. This led to the Hindu Mahasabha joining hands with the Muslim League and other parties to form governments, in certain provinces. Such coalition governments were formed in Sindh, NWFP, and Bengal. In Sindh , Hindu Mahasabha members joined Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah 's Muslim League government. In Savarkar's own words: Witness
264-482: A discussion of the mass movement organised by the Congress. He expressed the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war by exciting popular feeling and he opined that any government in power has to suppress it, but that according to him could not be done only by persecution... In that letter, he mentioned item-wise the steps to be taken for dealing with
330-673: A fast against the Communal Award, Mahasabha worked with Gandhi and other parties to ensure Poona Pact was signed and Depressed Classes were given a fair representation. Hindu Mahasabha opposed the Quit India Movement . Under Savarkar's leadership, the party organised Hindu Militarization Boards which recruited for the British Indian armed forces in World War 2 . Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi ,
396-726: A few zamindars who were titled Maharaja for their cordiality and contribution to the British Raj. In the Mughal Empire it was quite common to award to various princes (hereditary or not) a series of lofty titles as a matter of protocolary rank. The British would, as paramount power do the same. Many of these (see also above) elaborate explicitly on the title Maharaja, in the following descending order: Furthermore, there were various compound titles simply including other princely styles, such as: Certain Hindu dynasties even came to use
462-524: A husband . In case a child king is crowned, the mother of the king takes charge of the kingdom and acts as a regent. Until the young king is of the age, the Rajmata ( Queen mother ) administers the kingdom. Famous examples include Rajamata Shetu Lakshmi Bai of Travancore dynasty, Gowri Lakshmi Bai, Maharaji (later Rajamata) Rudrama Devi of Kakatiya dynasty. When the king is present, the Rajamata being
528-408: A manner that in spite of the best efforts of the Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres, it might be limited during the emergency. Indians have to trust
594-536: A resolution to create an All India Hindu Sabha at its Ambala session. The Conference proposed holding a general conference of Hindu leaders from all over India during 1915 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar . Preparatory sessions of the All India Hindu Sabha were held at Haridwar (13 February 1915), Lucknow (17 February 1915) and Delhi (27 February 1915). In April 1915, Sarvadeshak (All India) Hindu Sabha
660-731: A temple for Nathuram Godse and to celebrate 30 January as a Shaurya Diwas ("Bravery Day"). A civil suit was filed in Pune Court asking for a ban on the documentary film. In September 2021, the state general secretary for Hindu Mahasabha in Karnataka, Dharmendra, threatened to kill Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai over the demolition of an unlicensed temple in Nanjangud , Mysuru, along with comments about killing Mahatma Gandhi. For these threats, he and two other associates, Rajesh Pavitran and Prem Poolali, were arrested. Although
726-544: A threat to Hindus. She declared: "The population of Muslims and Christians is growing day by day. To rein in this, Union will have to impose emergency, and Muslims and Christians will have to be forced to undergo sterilization so that they can't increase their numbers". In April 2015, the general secretary of the Hindu Mahasabha Munna Kumar Shukla claimed that it is not illegal to attack a church and it does not violate any law. He requested
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#1732772204866792-445: A unique style, including a term which as such is not of princely rank, e.g. Maharaja Gaikwar of Baroda , Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior , Maharaja Holkar of Indore, three of the very highest ranking ruling Maratha houses. Chakravarti is a Sanskrit term for "emperor". The meaning of chakravarti is "he, whose wheels (of chariot ) are moving" which symbolises that the leader who is a war hero, who commands over vast land and sea,
858-474: Is an Indian princely title of Sanskrit origin. In modern India and medieval northern India , the title was equivalent to a prince . However in late ancient India and medieval south India , the title denoted a king . The form "Maharaj" (without "-a") indicates a separation of noble and religious offices, although since in Hindi the suffix -a is silent, the two titles are near homophones. Historically,
924-504: Is called Datuk Maharaja Lela Penghulu Istana Negara . Eventually, Maharajah Adinda was also used to refer to a particular lineage within the royal families. The King of Thailand has been called a "Maharaj" ( Thai : มหาราชา ). Hindu Mahasabha Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha ( lit. ' All-India Hindu Grand Assembly ' ) is a Hindu nationalist political party in India . Founded in 1915 by Madan Mohan Malviya ,
990-778: The Benaras Hindu University , the Punjabi populist Lala Lajpat Rai and Lajpat Rai's mentor Navin Chandra Rai of the Hindu Samaj who chaired the special Congress session of 1920 held at Lahore which gave the call for non-cooperation. Under Malaviya, the Mahasabha campaigned for Hindu political unity, for the education and economic development of Hindus as well as for the conversion of Muslims to Hinduism. The Hindu Mahasabha did not unconditionally support
1056-813: The Indian independence movement against British rule in India. However, it became part of the movement on its conditions and with regards to protecting the interests of the Hindus. For example, it boycotted the Simon Commission . In the aftermath, it was part of the all-party committee, which came out with the Nehru Report. However, it did not accept the Report as according to Mahasabha, it gave too many concessions to Muslims. Similarly, when Mahatma Gandhi observed
1122-734: The Kingdom of Dali , submitted to the Mongol Empire , and in return was enfeoffed as Maharaja (摩诃罗嵯) of Dali, continuing to rule the area (but subordinated to Yuan princes and Muslim governors of Yunnan), until the Ming conquest of Yunnan . When the Indonesian Archipelago was still predominantly Hindu-Buddhist (circa 3rd century CE until the 15th century CE), all of the Indianised kingdoms which ruled different areas of
1188-648: The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 was a catalyst for Hindu leaders coming together to create an organisation to protect the rights of the Hindu community members. In 1909, Lal Chand and U.N. Mukerji established the Punjab Hindu Sabha ("Punjab Hindu Assembly"). The Sabha stated that it was not a sectarian organisation, but an "all-embracing movement" that aimed to safeguard the interests of "the entire Hindu community". On 21–22 October 1909, it organised
1254-865: The archipelago was ruled by a "Maharaja" or simply referred by the locals as "Raja", such as the first and oldest Hindu kingdom of Indonesia the Kutai Martadipura in eastern Borneo , the Tarumanegara , the Srivijaya , the Majapahit and numerous other kingdoms. Traditional titles remain in use for other members of royalty, such as Pangeran Ratu for the heir and other local-Malay titles such as "Paduka Sri". The title "Maharaja" has been used to refer to kings of ancient Indianised kingdoms, such as Maharaja Mulavarman king of Kutai Martadipura and Maharaja Purnawarman king of Tarumanegara . Maharaja
1320-686: The 19th century was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He earned this title by keeping the Britishers beyond the Sutlej and even crushed the Afghan Empire. Maharajas in the twentieth century were the Maharaja of Cochin and Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala . Apart from princely states, rulers of some large and extended zamindaris were also awarded the title of Maharaja. The rulers of Jeypore , Darbhanga , Vizianagaram , Parlakhemundi Gidhaur were
1386-468: The British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that the British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defence and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister. Even the Indian historian R.C. Majumdar noted this fact and states: Syama Prasad ended the letter with
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#17327722048661452-412: The Congress gave a call to the British rulers to Quit India. In this letter, dated July 26, 1942, he wrote: Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting in internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for
1518-522: The Congress led several nationwide campaigns of non-violent civil disobedience . The Mahasabha officially abstained from participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. The Indian National Congress won a massive victory in the 1937 Indian provincial elections , decimating the Hindu Mahasabha. However, in 1939, the Congress ministries resigned in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be
1584-571: The Congress. During the World War II , the Mahasabha supported the British war effort and briefly entered coalitions with the Muslim League in provincial and central legislative councils. They opposed the integration of the princely states into India. After the assassination of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi by a Hindu Mahasabha activist Nathuram Godse , the Mahasabha's fortunes diminished in post-Independence Indian politics, and it
1650-466: The Hindu Mahasabha did not call for the exclusion of other religious communities from government, it identified India as a Hindu Rashtra ("Hindu Nation") and believed in the primacy of Hindu culture , religion , and heritage . The Hindu Mahasabha was opposed to the Indian caste system and policies that endorsed untouchability , and used to organize all caste dinners in Nagpur and Kanpur. Savarkar
1716-447: The Hindu Mahasabha. Along with them, police arrested Savarkar, who was suspected of being the mastermind behind the plot. While the trial resulted in convictions and judgments against the others, Savarkar was released due to lack of evidence. The Kapur Commission said: The Hindu Mahasabha considers Nathuram Godse to be a "real forgotten hero" of the independence struggle of India and criticises Mahatma Gandhi for not having prevented
1782-418: The Maharaja. His wife is called Yuvarani. Rajakumara is the son of a king who is not the heir apparent. He is conferred with certain duties or powers per the king's wishes. The daughter of a king who is not the heir apparent is called Rajakumari. Maharani usually denotes the wife of a Maharaja (or Maharana , Maharao , Maharawal) or in rare cases, in some states where it was customary, a woman ruling without
1848-792: The Mahasabha Ministers of the Sindh government did not resign, rather they simply "contented themselves with a protest". In the North West Frontier Province, Hindu Mahasabha members joined hands with Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan of the Muslim League to form a government in 1943. The Mahasabha member of the cabinet was Finance Minister Mehr Chand Khanna . In Bengal, Hindu Mahasabha joined the Krishak Praja Party led Progressive Coalition ministry of Fazlul Haq in December 1941. Savarkar appreciated
1914-555: The Mahasabha functioned mainly as a pressure group advocating the interests of Orthodox Hindus before the British Raj from within the Indian National Congress . In the 1930s, it emerged as a distinct party under the leadership of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar , who developed the concept of Hindutva ( lit. ' Hinduness ' ) and became a fierce opponent of the western, secular nationalism espoused by
1980-676: The Nurses Training Institute in New Delhi . He created a chair at Banaras Hindu University and a science chair at Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose Laboratory . He patronised the Bengal Technical Institute , National College, and The Association for the Scientific and Industrial Education of Indians. He wrote the books The Indian Medicinal Plant , A History of Indian Philosophy , Manindra Chandra
2046-570: The Punjab Provincial Hindu Conference, which criticised the Indian National Congress for failing to defend Hindu interests and called for the promotion of Hindu-centered politics. In this conference, Sabha leaders strongly proposed that Hindus need a separate nation and that Muslims should not be given any rights in that nation. The Sabha organised five more annual provincial conferences in Punjab. The development of
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2112-805: The Srivijaya satellite empire of the Majapahit Empire dominated over the whole Malayas far-reaching the present Philippine Archipelago , Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia under the Srivijaya Empire of the Majapahit King Maharaja Pamariwasa. The latter's daughter Es-kander was married to an Arab (Zein Ul-Abidin), the third Makdum who promulgated Koranic studies (Madrassahs) and was a Srivijaya ruler in Seri who were
2178-580: The Sultan during the Raffles' stint. The word Rajah derived from the word Maharaja. In 1842, the Sultan of Brunei ceded Sarawak to Rajah Brooke who founded the Kingdom of Sarawak and a line of dynastic monarchs known as the White Rajahs . In contemporary Malay usage, the title Maharaja refers to an emperor , e.g. " Maharaja Jepun " (" Emperor of Japan "). In Seri Malayas of the Srivijaya , under
2244-691: The army...to stick to their posts" across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost. Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement, Syama Prasad Mukherjee , leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal (which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by Krishak Praja Party of Fazlul Haq ), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if
2310-525: The broad civic framework for Hindu unity that started in the early 20th century in Punjab was a precursor for the formation of the All India Hindu Sabha. Over the next few years, several such Hindu Sabhas were established outside Punjab, including in United Provinces, Bihar, Bengal, Central Provinces and Berar , and Bombay Presidency . A formal move to establish an umbrella All-India Hindu Sabha
2376-584: The colonial Dutch East Indies authorities in October 1878. In peninsular Malaysia : In northern Borneo , the title Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and Sandakan was used from 29 December 1877 to 26 August 1881 by Baron von Overbeck (compare White Rajah ). The Englishman Capt. James Brooke was declared as Rajah Brooke by the Sultan of Brunei for his role in pacifying the Sarawak revolt against
2442-549: The considerable influence of British representatives, such as Residents , at their courts. The word Maharaja may be understood simply to mean "ruler" or "king", in spite of its literal translation as "great king". This was because only a handful of the states were truly powerful and wealthy enough for their rulers to be considered 'great' monarchs; the remaining were minor princely states , sometimes little more than towns or groups of villages. The word, however, can also mean emperor in contemporary Indian usage. The title of Maharaja
2508-483: The eve of independence in 1947, the Indian Empire contained more than 600 princely states , each with its own native ruler, often styled Raja or Rana or Thakur (if the ruler were Hindu ) or Nawab (if he were Muslim ), with a host of less current titles as well. The British directly ruled two-thirds of the Indian subcontinent ; the rest was under indirect rule by the above-mentioned princes under
2574-605: The fact that only recently in Sind, the Sind-Hindu-Sabha on invitation had taken the responsibility of joining hands with the League itself in running coalition government... In March 1943, Sindh Government became the first Provincial Assembly of the sub-continent to pass an official resolution in favour of the creation of Pakistan. Despite the Hindu Mahasabha's avowed public opposition to any territorial division of India,
2640-474: The female equivalent is Maharaj Kumari (Maharajkumari ): daughter of a Maharaja. The Gorkha Kings of Nepal (now a republic) used the title of Mahārājādhirāja which was "King of Great Kings", a title of honour, a degree higher than Mahārājā. Rana Prime ministers of Nepal used the title of Shree Teen Maharaja while the Gorkha Kings used Shree Panch Maharajadhiraja. Duan Xingzhi, the last monarch of
2706-418: The government via a deed of transfer. A board of management was created, with Nandy as its president. Nandy spent Rs. 45,000 annually for the maintenance of the college. A large building for Krishnath College School was constructed and expanded at the expense of Rs. 135,000 by Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandy at Berhampore College to accommodate 1,200 students annually. The foundation stone was laid in 1909 and
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2772-518: The model of the Indian National Congress. Presided over by Manindra Chandra Nandi, it amended its constitution to remove the clause about loyalty to the British and added a clause committing the organisation to a "united and self-governing" Indian nation. Amongst the Mahasabha's early leaders were the prominent nationalists, educationalists and four-time Indian National Congress president Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya , who founded
2838-524: The mother of the king, might given ceremonial roles. A famous Rajamata who functioned with the king is Rajamata Jijabai of the Maratha Kingdom , accompanying the Chhatrapati (king). Like Raja and various other titles, Maharaja was repeatedly awarded to notables without a princely state, such as zamindars . Maharaj Kumar (or Maharajkumar ) means son of a Maharaja or Heir-Apparent;
2904-583: The one who rules the people with dedication. In the Mahabharata, the Chakravarti Bharat is known to have ruled the entire sub-continent of India brought golden age to his empire. He is called as chakravarti. The wife of a Chakravartin or it's female Chakravartin is called a Chakaravartini. Yuvaraja means the crown prince of the kingdom or empire. He is granted with certain powers and responsibilities so that he can be prepared to take over as
2970-439: The partition of India. In 2014, following the Bharatiya Janata Party 's rise to power, the Hindu Mahasabha continued attempts to rehabilitate and portray him as a patriot. It requested Prime Minister Narendra Modi to install the bust of Nathuram Godse. It created a documentary film Desh Bhakt Nathuram Godse (Patriot Nathuram Godse ) for release on the death anniversary of Gandhi on 30 January 2015. There were attempts to build
3036-444: The royal family of Cossimbazar . His mother, Gobinda Sundari (sister of Raja Krishnath Roy) died when he was two, and his father died when he was twelve, in 1872. He had 8 elder siblings - Sarbeshwari (b.1843), Bishweshwari (b.1845), Upendra Chandra (b.1848 - d.1872), Bhubaneshwari, Jogendra Chandra (b.1854 - d.1868), Siddheshwari, Ramaneshwari (b.1857), and another boy. By 1875, Manindra's family consisted of his 3 widowed sisters and he
3102-589: The school formally opened in 1911. Manindra Chandra established an English medium high school with a hostel at his ancestral village of Mathrun, Burdwan , at a cost of Rs. 50,000. He maintained schools in other villages and patronised schools for the handicapped in Calcutta . Nandy contributed Rs. 15,000 for the construction of The Calcutta Medical School and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bengal in 1904. He donated Rs. 5,000 for Daulatpur College and Rs. 50,000 for Rangpur College. In 1914, he contributed Rs. 5,000 to Medical College and Hospital for Women and
3168-419: The second Makdum after the first one Makdum Tuan Masha'ik. Karim ul-makdum re=enforced Islam, a Srivijaya Johore ruler, later established the Sultanate of Maguindanao-Ranao (Mindanao) after taking the political authority of his father-in-law Tomaoi Aliwya of the Maguiindanao family dynasty. He adapted the title as sultan Aliwya (Sharif Kabungsuwan), the first Maguindanao Sultan. The second and third Makdum's father
3234-741: The situation... Hindu Mahasabha took funding from the princely states and supported them to remain independent even after the independence of India . Savarkar particularly hailed the Hindu dominated states as the 'bedrock of Hindu power' and defended their despotic powers, referring to them as the 'citadels of organised Hindu power'. He particularly hailed the princely states such as Mysore State , Travancore , Oudh and Baroda State as 'progressive Hindu states'. On January 30, 1948, Nathuram Godse shot Mahatma Gandhi three times and killed him in Delhi . Godse and his fellow conspirators Digambar Badge , Gopal Godse , Narayan Apte , Vishnu Karkare and Madanlal Pahwa were identified as prominent members of
3300-451: The successful functioning of the coalition government. The Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the Quit India Movement and boycotted it officially. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar , the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled " Stick to your Posts ", in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be "members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in
3366-463: The then viceroy Lord Curzon , the division of the province of Bengal was into two new provinces of East Bengal and Assam, as well as Bengal. The new province of Bengal had a Hindu majority, the province of East Bengal and Assam was mostly Muslim. The British administration justified the division for religious reasons. The formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906 and the British India government's creation of separate Muslim electorate under
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#17327722048663432-421: The time being. Mookerjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the Quit India Movement in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this: The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such
3498-419: The title "Maharaja" was first introduced in the first century BC by the Kushans as a higher ranking variant of "Raja". Eventually, during the medieval era, the title "Maharaja" came to be used by sovereign princes and vassal princes, and the title " Maharajadhiraja " was used by sovereign kings . Eventually, during the Mughal and British eras , Maharajadhiraja too came to be used by princes, though it
3564-507: The title of Maharaja on 30 May 1898. He received his knighthood in 1915 along with being appointed as Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire . Nandy was also an honorary fellow of Calcutta University . The Maharaja died on 12 November 1929. The Maharaja Manindra Chandra College stands as his memorial, founded by his son, Maharaja Sris Chandra Nandy . Maharaja Maharaja (also spelled Maharajah or Maharaj ; lit. ' great ruler ' ; feminine: Maharani )
3630-424: The vocabulary of most languages in Greater India and Southeast Asia , the term Maharaja is common to many modern Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages . The Sanskrit title Maharaja was originally used only for rulers who ruled a considerably large region with minor tributary rulers under them. Since medieval times, the title was used by (Hindu) monarchs of lesser states claiming descent from ancient maharajas. On
3696-417: Was Sultan Betatar of Taif Arabia who was the 9th progeny of Hasan, the grandson of prophet Sayyidina Muhammad. The word can also be part of titles used by Malay nobility: Most famous was Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Mutahir of Malacca (executed 1509) and Datuk Maharaja Lela Pandak Lam of Perak (executed 1876). The palace marshal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (head of state) of modern Malaysia
3762-417: Was also part of the titles of the nobility in the Sumatran sultanate of Aceh . In the past, the title of Maharaja is given to a leader of the unreigning noble family and the Prime Minister Maharaja Mangkubumi. The last Prime Minister of Aceh who was installed to be the Maharaja Mangkubumi, Habib Abdurrahman el Zahir, who also acted as the foreign affairs minister of Aceh but was deposed and exiled to Jeddah by
3828-429: Was formed as an umbrella organisation of regional Hindu Sabhas, at the Kumbh Mela in Haridwar. Gandhi and Swami Shraddhanand were also present at the conference and were supportive of the formation of All India Hindu Sabha. The Sabha emphasized Hindu solidarity and the need for social reform. At its sixth session in April 1921, the Sarvadeshak Hindu Sabha formally changed its name to Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha on
3894-401: Was greatly saddened by the early deaths of his two eldest sons due to typhoid. His two elder daughters got widowed at a young age. In 1902, Berhampore College was renamed Krishnath College to preserve the memory of Raja Krishnath Roy, the maternal uncle of Manindra Chandra and husband of Maharani Swarnamoyee . In 1905, control of Krishnath College was handed over to Manindra Chandra Nandy by
3960-408: Was made at the Allahabad session of Congress in 1910. A committee headed by Lala Baij Nath was set up to draw a constitution, but it did not make much progress. Another conference of Hindu leaders in Allahabad also took the initial step to establish an All India Hindu Sabha in 1910, but this organisation did not become operational due to factional strife. On 8 December 1913, the Punjab Hindu Sabha passed
4026-418: Was not as common before the gradual British colonisation of India, upon and after which many rajas and otherwise styled Hindu rulers were elevated to Maharajas, regardless of the fact that scores of these new Maharajas ruled small states, sometimes for some reason unrelated to the eminence of the state, for example, support to the British in Afghanistan, World War I or World War II . The Maharaja of Punjab in
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#17327722048664092-422: Was president of the British Indian Association in 1922, 1923, and 1929 and a member of Imperial Legislative Council from 1913 to 1921. Nandy was the chairman of Berhampore Municipality and Murshidabad District Board. He was one of the founder members and later president of the Bengal National Chamber of Commerce & Industry . He was an active leader and member of Hindu Mahasabha Manindra Chandra received
4158-405: Was soon eclipsed by the Bharatiya Jana Sangh . The organisation was originally called Sarvadeshik Hindu Sabha ("Pan-Country Hindu Assembly"). In 1921, it changed to the present name Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha ("All-India Hindu Grand Assembly"). Local forerunners of the Hindu Mahasabha emerged in connection with the disputes after the partition of Bengal in 1905 in British India. Under
4224-733: Was the guardian. He became the Maharaja of Cossimbazar, as per the wishes of Cossimbazar Raj Family, as there were no direct male descendants alive after the death of Maharani Swarnamoyee in 1897. Manindra Chandra suffered from a severe illness when he was fourteen, which prevented him from going to school. Though he later recovered from the illness, he studied at home and did not obtain formal education. He married Maharani Kashishwari (b.1868) of Jabagram, Burdwan in 1877. He had 3 sons - Mahim Chandra (b.1881 - d.1906), Kirti Chandra (b.1885 - d.1903), and Srish Chandra Nandy (b.1897). His daughters were Sarojini Devi (b.1889), Kumudini Devi (b.1893), Kamalini Devi (b.1900) and Mrinalini Devi (b.1906). He
4290-491: Was used by sovereign kings as well, such as the King of Nepal . The title ranks under the titles of Maharajadhiraja Bahadur , Maharajadhiraja and Maharaja Bahadur , equal to Maharana and Maharao and above Raja Bahadur , Raja and Rai . The word Maharaja originates in Sanskrit and is a compound karmadhāraya term from mahānt- "great" and rājan "ruler, king"). It has the Latin cognates magnum "great" and rex "king". Due to Sanskrit's major influence on
4356-589: Was very critical of the Indian caste system and untouchability, and among the social institutions, he saw it as the greatest curse of India. The Hindu Mahasabha promotes the principles of Hindutva , a Hindu nationalist ideology developed by its pre-eminent leader Vinayak Damodar Savarkar . The Mahasabha identifies India as Hindu Rashtra ("Hindu Nation"). In 2015, Vice President of All India Hindu Mahasabha, VP Sadhvi Deva Thakur stated that Christians and Muslims must undergo forced sterilization to restrict their growing population in India, which she considered
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