15°35′22.6″N 73°49′05.9″E / 15.589611°N 73.818306°E / 15.589611; 73.818306
62-500: Mapusa ( Goan Konkani : Mhapxem ) is a city in North Goa , India. It is situated 13 km north of the state capital of Panaji . The city is the headquarters of Bardez taluka . It is located on the main highway NH-17, linking Mumbai to Kochi . During Portuguese India , the city was known as "Mapuçá". Mapusa is a small city clustered around the Mount (Alto). The name Mapusa
124-641: A lack of linguistic contact and exchanges with the standard and principal forms of Konkani. It is also spoken by migrants outside of the Konkan proper; in Nagpore , Surat , Cochin , Mangalore , Ahmedabad , Karachi , New Delhi etc. Dialects such as Malvani , Chitpavani, Damani, Koli & Aagri in Maharashtra; are threatened by language assimilation into the linguistic majority of non-Konkani states and territories of India . Konkani belongs to
186-589: A lexical fund of its own. The second wave of Indo-Aryans is believed to have been accompanied by Dravidians from the Deccan plateau. Paishachi is also considered to be an Aryan language spoken by Dravidians. Goa and Konkan were ruled by the Konkan Mauryas and the Bhojas ; as a result, numerous migrations occurred from north, east and western India. Immigrants spoke various vernacular languages, which led to
248-509: A mission to unite all Konkanis, Hindus as well as Christians, regardless of caste or religion. He saw this movement not just as a nationalistic movement against Portuguese rule, but also against the pre-eminence of Marathi over Konkani. Almost single-handedly he crusaded, writing a number of works in Konkani. He is regarded as the pioneer of modern Konkani literature and affectionately remembered as Shenoi Goembab . His death anniversary, 9 April,
310-579: A mixture of features of Eastern and Western Prakrit. It was later substantially influenced by Magadhi Prakrit. The overtones of Pali (the liturgical language of the Buddhists) also played a very important role in the development of Konkani Apabhramsha grammar and vocabulary. A major number of linguistic innovations in Konkani are shared with Eastern Indo-Aryan languages like Bengali and Oriya , which have their roots in Magadhi. Maharashtri Prakrit
372-587: A mixture of intermarriages of Arab seafarers, Middle East businessman, Britishes and locals as well as conversions of Hindus to Islam. Another migrant community that picked up Konkani are the Siddis , who are descended from Bantu peoples from South East Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves. Contemporary Konkani is written in Devanagari, Kannada, Malayalam, Persian, and Roman scripts. It
434-582: A population of 40,487. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mapusa has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 74.04 %: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 73%. In Mapusa, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mapusa is administered by the Mapusa Municipal Council . At a state level, Mapusa falls within the Mapusa (Goa Assembly constituency) . As of 2019, its representative in
496-596: A suitable base during the tourist season (November to April). Because it is a mainly commercial city (for locals) with a large resident population, Mapusa has only a limited number of hotels and accommodation. Mapusa comes alive on Friday, the traditional market day also known as Mapusa Friday Market . People from surrounding villages and towns come to Mapusa to sell their wares. This fair has a lot of local flavour (unlike some other tourist-oriented fairs or markets) and specialises in agricultural produce, vegetables, locally grown fruit, spices, clothes and even plants (mainly during
558-426: A time when Indian states were being reorganised along linguistic lines. There were demands to merge Goa with Maharashtra. This was because Goa had a sizeable population of Marathi speakers and Konkani was also considered to be a dialect of Marathi by many. Konkani Goans were opposed to the move. The status of Konkani as an independent language or as a dialect of Marathi had a great political bearing on Goa's merger, which
620-593: Is Konkani according to S.B. Kulkarni (former head of Department of Marathi, Nagpur University ) and Jose Pereira (former professor, Fordham University , USA). Another inscription in Nāgarī , of Shilahara King Aparaditya II of the year 1187 AD in Parel reportedly contains Konkani words, but this has not been reliably verified. Many stone and copper-plate inscriptions found in Goa and Konkan are written in Konkani. The grammar and
682-619: Is Shree Dev Bodgeshwar Sansthan of Lord Bodgeshwar, located on the outskirts of the city in the middle of some rice fields, which is beautifully lit up at night and draw thousands of devotees for its annual Jatra. The St. Jerome Church , founded in 1594 and rebuilt several times since, is famous for the annual feast of Our Lady of Miracles . The Mapusa Market gathers Goan traders as well as merchants from adjacent states for goods such as spices, toddy and home-grown goods. For example, there are four varieties of locally grown bananas sold in this market and other varieties imported from Karnataka. There
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#1732783565312744-604: Is also a part of the market where the traders specialize in repairing utensils such as blenders and food mixers for the preparation of spices. Duler Stadium is an association football stadium located in Mapusa. The 10000 seater stadium has Astroturf surface. Goa Professional League and Santosh Trophy games are held here. Goan Konkani language Konkani ( Devanagari : कोंकणी , Romi : Konknni , Kannada : ಕೊಂಕಣಿ , Malayalam : കൊങ്കണി , Perso-Arabic : کونکنی ; IAST : Kōṅkṇī , IPA: [kõkɳi] )
806-689: Is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Konkani people , primarily in the Konkan region, along the western coast of India . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages mentioned in the Indian Constitution , and the official language of the Indian state of Goa . It is also spoken in Karnataka , Maharashtra , Kerala , Gujarat as well as Damaon, Diu & Silvassa . Konkani is a member of
868-468: Is called a "dialect of Maharashtra" as an origin of the language controversy. Another linguist to whom this theory is attributed is Grierson . Grierson's work on the languages of India, the Linguistic Survey of India , was regarded as an important reference by other linguists. In his book, Grierson had distinguished between the Konkani spoken in coastal Maharashtra (then, part of Bombay) and
930-713: Is celebrated as World Konkani Day (Vishwa Konkani Dis). Madhav Manjunath Shanbhag, an advocate by profession from Karwar, who with a few like-minded companions travelled throughout all the Konkani speaking areas, sought to unite the fragmented Konkani community under the banner of "one language, one script, one literature". He succeeded in organising the first All India Konkani Parishad in Karwar in 1939. Successive Adhiveshans of All India Konkani Parishad were held at various places in subsequent years. 27 annual Adhiveshans of All India Konkani Parishad have been held so far. Pandu Putti Kolambkar an eminent social worker of Kodibag, Karwar
992-415: Is located at 15°36′N 73°49′E / 15.60°N 73.82°E / 15.60; 73.82 . It has an average elevation of 15 metres (49 feet). It lies on the banks of Mapusa River . Mapusa has a tropical climate with temperatures ranging from a high of 37 °C in summer with high levels of humidity to a low of 21 °C in winters. As of the 2011 Census of India , Mapusa had
1054-537: Is more evident in Konkani syntax. The question markers in yes/no questions and the negative marker are sentence final. Copula deletion in Konkani is remarkably similar to Kannada. Phrasal verbs are not so commonly used in Indo-Aryan languages; however, Konkani spoken in Dravidian regions has borrowed numerous phrasal verb patterns. The Kols, Kharwas, Yadavas, and Lothal migrants all settled in Goa during
1116-474: Is similar to the Brajbhasha word mōhē has been replaced by mākā . This era was marked by several invasions of Goa and subsequent exodus of some Konkani families to Canara (today's coastal Karnataka), and Cochin. These events caused the Konkani language to develop into multiple dialects with multiple scripts. The exodus to coastal Karnataka and Kerala required Konkani speakers in these regions to learn
1178-539: Is the ancestor of Marathi and Konkani, it was the official language of the Satavahana Empire that ruled Goa and Konkan in the early centuries of the Common Era. Under the patronage of the Satavahana Empire, Maharashtri became the most widespread Prakrit of its time. Studying early Maharashtri compilations, many linguists have called Konkani "the first-born daughter of Maharashtri". This old language that
1240-490: Is the fish street, dried fish of all possible varieties and whole fresh fish from baby shark and squid to the ubiquitous bangda (mackerel). Fresh fruit and vegetables are gathered together and beautifully displayed, from huge sweet potatoes, and pumpkins and the local shiny red brown Moira bananas to the tiny fresh beans and other pulses. As of November 2023, the Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education recognised
1302-452: Is thought to be derived from the Konkani word for a 'measure' - 'map' and the phrase fill up - 'sa'. Ancient Goan agrarian community had a well established Gaunkari or Community Farming System, where villages formed associations, worked on community land and shared profits. Market day was a major event, with goods brought in from every district to one central area. Mapusa has thus remained a prominent market center for many centuries. Mapusa
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#17327835653121364-461: Is very prominent in Konkani. The grammatical impact of the Dravidian languages on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is difficult to fathom. Some linguists explain this anomaly by arguing that Middle Indo-Aryan and New Indo-Aryan were built on a Dravidian substratum . Some examples of Konkani words of Dravidian origin are: naall ( coconut ), madval (washerman), choru (cooked rice) and mulo ( radish ). Linguists also suggest that
1426-550: Is written by speakers in their native dialects. The Goan Antruz dialect in the Devanagari script has been promulgated as Standard Konkani. Konkani language was in decline, due to the use of Portuguese as the official and social language among the Christians, the predominance of Marathi over Konkani among Hindus, and the Konkani Christian-Hindu divide. Seeing this, Vaman Raghunath Varde Valaulikar set about on
1488-590: The Archdiocese of Goa and Daman . It is dedicated to the Church Father St. Jerome . The church also holds the shrine of Our Lady of Miracles and the feast day of Miracles is thronged by thousands of devotees every year. The community was founded in 1594 by a Franciscan priest, Fr. Jeronimo do Espirito Santo, and the parish church constructed the same year. The church was expanded in 1674 to accommodate increased number of parishioners. The church
1550-556: The Goa Legislative Assembly is Joshua D'Souza of the Bharatiya Janata Party . At a national level, the city is falls within the North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) . As of 2019, its Member of Parliament is Shripad Yesso Naik of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Mapusa is close to one of the main centres of Goa's tourism industry. Mapusa's proximity to many beaches in the north of Goa makes it
1612-743: The Goa Legislative Assembly passed the Official Language Bill, making Konkani the official language of Goa. Konkani was included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India as per the Seventy-First Amendment on 20 August 1992, adding it to the list of official languages. The Konkani language originated and is spoken widely in the western coastal region of India known as Konkan . The native lands historically inhabited by Konkani people include
1674-627: The Indian Anthropological Society , these Australoid tribes speaking Austro-Asiatic or Munda languages who once inhabited Konkan, migrated to Northern India ( Chota Nagpur Plateau , Mirzapur ) and are not found in Konkan any more. Olivinho Gomes in his essay "Medieval Konkani Literature" also mentions the Mundari substratum. Goan Indologist Anant Shenvi Dhume identified many Austro-Asiatic Munda words in Konkani, like mund , mundkar , dhumak , goem-bab . This substratum
1736-523: The Indo-Aryan language branch. It is part of the Marathi-Konkani group of the southern Indo-Aryan languages. It is inflexive, and less distant from Sanskrit as compared to other modern Indo-Aryan languages . Linguists describe Konkani as a fusion of a variety of Prakrit vernacular languages. This could be attributed to the confluence of immigrants that the Konkan coast has witnessed over
1798-626: The Konkan division of Maharashtra , the state of Goa and the territory of Daman , the Uttara Kannada , Udupi & Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka , belagavi , Mysore , and Bengaluru along with many districts in Kerala such as Kasaragod , Kochi , Alappuzha , Thiruvananthapuram and Kottayam . All of the regions and areas have developed distinct dialects , pronunciation and prose styles, vocabulary, tone, and sometimes, significant differences in grammar. According to
1860-493: The Nagueshi Maharudra temple when Nanjanna Gosavi was the religious head or Pratihasta of the state. It mentions words like, kullgga , kulaagra , naralel , tambavem , and tilel . A piece of hymn dedicated to Lord Narayana attributed to the 12th century AD says: "jaṇẽ rasataḷavāntũ matsyarūpē̃ vēda āṇiyēlē̃. manuśivāka vāṇiyēlē̃. to saṁsārasāgara tāraṇu. mōhō to rākho nārāyāṇu". (The one who brought
1922-836: The Persian Gulf countries , Portugal and the European Union , and the British Isles and the rest of the Anglosphere . Many families still continue to speak different Konkani dialects that their ancestors spoke, which are now highly influenced by the languages of the dominant majority. The Konkani language has been in danger of dying out over the years for many of the following reasons: Efforts have been made to stop this downward trend of usage of Konkani, starting with Shenoi Goembab 's efforts to revive Konkani. The recognition granted by Sahitya Akademi to Konkani and
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1984-491: The Southern Indo-Aryan language group. It retains elements of Vedic structures and shows similarities with both Western and Eastern Indo-Aryan languages . The first Konkani inscription is dated 1187 AD. There are many Konkani dialects spoken along and beyond the Konkan region, from Damaon in the north to Karwar in the south; most of which are only partially mutually intelligible with one another due to
2046-669: The Vedas up from the ocean in the form of a fish, from the bottoms of the water and offered it to Manu , he is the one Saviour of the world, that is Narayana my God.). A hymn from the later 16th century goes vaikuṇṭhācē̃ jhāḍa tu gē phaḷa amṛtācē̃, jīvita rākhilē̃ tuvē̃ manasakuḷācē̃. Early Konkani was marked by the use of pronouns like dzo , jī , and jẽ . These are replaced in contemporary Konkani by koṇa . The conjunctions yedō and tedō ("when" and "then") which were used in early Konkani are no longer in use. The use of -viyalẽ has been replaced by -aylẽ . The pronoun moho , which
2108-752: The 2001 estimates of the Census Department of India, there were 2,489,016 Konkani speakers in India. The Census Department of India, 2011 figures put the number of Konkani speakers in India as 2,256,502 making up 0.19% of India's population. Out of these, 788,294 were in Karnataka , 964,305 in Goa , 399,255 in Maharashtra , and 69,449 in Kerala . It ranks 19th on the List of Scheduled Languages by strength. The number of Konkani speakers in India fell by 9.34% in
2170-590: The Indo-Aryan group, Konkani was influenced by a language of the Dravidian family. A branch of the Kadambas , who ruled Goa for a long period, had their roots in Karnataka . Konkani was never used for official purposes. Another reason Kannada influenced Konkani was the proximity of original Konkani-speaking territories to Karnataka. Old Konkani documents show considerable Kannada influence on grammar as well as vocabulary. Like southern Dravidian languages, Konkani has prothetic glides y- and w- . The Kannada influence
2232-526: The Konkani spoken in Goa as two different languages. He regarded the Konkani spoken in coastal Maharashtra as a dialect of Marathi and not as a dialect of Goan Konkani itself. In his opinion, Goan Konkani was also considered a dialect of Marathi because the religious literature used by the Hindus in Goa was not in Konkani itself, but in Marathi. S. M. Katre's 1966 work, The Formation of Konkani , which utilised
2294-480: The ancient Konkani Prakrit was born as a confluence of the Indo-Aryan dialects while accepting many words from Dravidian speech. Some linguists assume Shauraseni to be its progenitor whereas some call it Paisaci . The influence of Paisachi over Konkani can be proved in the findings of Taraporewala, who in his book Elements of Science of Languages (Calcutta University) ascertained that Konkani showed many Dardic features that are found in present-day Kashmiri . Thus,
2356-589: The archaic form of old Konkani is referred to as Paishachi by some linguists. This progenitor of Konkani (or Paishachi Apabhramsha) has preserved an older form of phonetic and grammatic development, showing a great variety of verbal forms found in Sanskrit and a large number of grammatical forms that are not found in Marathi. (Examples of this are found in many works like Dnyaneshwari , and Leela Charitra .) Konkani thus developed with overall Sanskrit complexity and grammatical structure, which eventually developed into
2418-601: The base of such texts is in Konkani, whereas very few verbs are in Marathi. Copper plates found in Ponda dating back to the early 13th century, and from Quepem in the early 14th century, have been written in Goykanadi . One such stone inscription or shilalekh (written Nāgarī ) is found at the Nageshi temple in Goa (dating back to the year 1463 AD). It mentions that the (then) ruler of Goa, Devaraja Gominam, had gifted land to
2480-606: The days of Portuguese Goa and British rule in Pre-Partition India many Goans and non-Goan Konkani people went to foreign countries as economic migrants to the colonies of Portuguese and British Empire respectively, and also to the Pakistan of Pre-Partition India . The migratory trend has continued well into the post-colonial era and a significant number of Konkani people are found in Kenya , Uganda , Pakistan ,
2542-522: The decade 2001-2011. It is the only scheduled language apart from Urdu to have a negative growth rate in the decade. A very large number of Konkanis live outside India, either as expatriates ( NRIs ) with work visas or as naturalised citizens and permanent residents of other host countries ( immigrants ). Determining their numbers is difficult since Konkani is a minority language that is very often not recognised by censuses and surveys of various government agencies and NGOs catering to Indians abroad. During
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2604-570: The following institutes in Mapusa. As of November 2023, the following institutions, affiliated to Goa University , were recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC). Mapusa, however, does not have too many tourist sites. There are a few colonial era Municipal buildings on the Altinho hill, but it is a fairly small city with mostly modern buildings spread around the slopes of Altinho. The most famous local shrine
2666-414: The foot of the colossal Jain monolith Bahubali (The word gomateshvara apparently comes from Konkani gomaṭo which means "beautiful" or "handsome" and īśvara "lord". ) at Shravanabelagola of 981 CE reads, in a variant of Nāgarī: "śrīcāvuṇḍarājē̃ kara viyālē̃, śrīgaṅgārājē̃ suttālē̃ kara viyālē̃" ( Chavundaraya got it done, Gangaraya got the surroundings done). The language of these lines
2728-644: The institution of an annual award for Konkani literature has helped to a certain extent. Some organisations, such as the Konkan Daiz Yatra organised by Konkani Bhasha Mandal, World Konkani Centre and the newer Vishwa Konkani Parishad have laid great stress on uniting all factions of Konkanis. José Pereira, in his 1971 work Konkani – A Language: A History of the Konkani Marathi Controversy , pointed to an essay on Indian languages written by John Leyden in 1807, wherein Konkani
2790-399: The instruments of modern historical and comparative linguistics across six typical Konkani dialects, showed the formation of Konkani to be distinct from that of Marathi. Shenoi Goembab , who played a pivotal role in the Konkani revival movement, rallied against the pre-eminence of Marathi over Konkani amongst Hindus and Portuguese amongst Christians. Goa's accession to India in 1961 came at
2852-481: The local languages. This caused penetration of local words into the dialects of Konkani spoken by these speakers. Examples include dār (door) giving way to the word bāgil . Also, the phoneme "a" in the Salcette dialect was replaced by the phoneme "o". Other Konkani communities came into being with their own dialects of Konkani. The Konkani Muslim communities of Ratnagiri and Coastal Karnataka came about due to
2914-427: The merger of Goa into Maharashtra, an intense debate was started in Goa. The main issues discussed were the status of Konkani as an independent language and Goa's future as a part of Maharashtra or as an independent state. The Goa Opinion Poll , a plebiscite, retained Goa as an independent state in 1967. However, English, Hindi, and Marathi continued to be the preferred languages for official communication, while Konkani
2976-479: The monsoon planting season). Every Friday, the Mapusa Market bulges at the seams, with seemingly every square inch of space occupied by sellers with only just enough room for the prospective buyers, the alleys between the regular stalls being occupied with temporary mats and boards. From lottery tickets displayed in great swathes to barber shops, the bazaar caters for almost every requirement imaginable. There
3038-547: The pre-historic period and later. Chavada , a tribe of warriors (now known as Chaddi or Chaddo ), migrated to Goa from Saurashtra , during the 7th and 8th century AD, after their kingdom was destroyed by the Arabs in 740. Royal matrimonial relationships between the two states, as well as trade relationships, had a major impact on Goan society. Many of these groups spoke different Nagar Apabhramsha dialects, which could be seen as precursors of modern Gujarati. An inscription at
3100-438: The sound of ण at the beginning of words; it is still retained in many Konkani words of archaic Shauraseni origin, such as णव (nine). Archaic Konkani born out of Shauraseni vernacular Prakrit at the earlier stage of the evolution (and later Maharashtri Prakrit), was commonly spoken until 875 AD, and at its later phase ultimately developed into Apabhramsha , which could be called a predecessor of old Konkani. Although most of
3162-485: The stone inscriptions and copper plates found in Goa (and other parts of Konkan) from the 2nd century BC to the 10th century AD are in Prakrit-influenced Sanskrit (mostly written in early Brahmi and archaic Dravidian Brahmi), most of the places, grants, agricultural-related terms, and names of some people are in Konkani. This suggests that Konkani was spoken in Goa and Konkan. Though it belongs to
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#17327835653123224-486: The substratum of Marathi and Konkani is more closely related to Dravidian Kannada. Migrations of Indo-Aryan vernacular speakers have occurred throughout the history of the Indian west coast. Around 1100-700 BC the first wave of Indo-Aryans dialect speakers might have occurred, with the second wave appearing around 700-500 BC. Many spoke old Indo-Aryan vernacular languages, which may be loosely related to Vedic Sanskrit ; others still spoke Dravidian and Desi dialects. Thus
3286-581: The term is derived from the Persian word for coast, kinara ; if so, it would mean "the language of the coast". The problem is that this term overlaps with Kanarese or Kannada . All the European authors, however, recognised two forms of the language in Goa: the plebeian , called Canarim , and the more regular (used by the educated classes), called Língua Canarim Brâmana or simply Brâmana de Goa . The latter
3348-492: The years. It is quite possible that Old Konkani was just referred to as Prakrit by its speakers. Reference to the name Konkani is not found in literature prior to the 13th century. The first reference of the name Konkani is in " Abhanga 263" of the 13th century Hindu Marathi saint poet, Namadeva (1270–1350). Konkani has been known by a variety of names: Canarim, Concanim, Gomantaki, Bramana, and Goani . Learned Marathi speakers tend to call it Gomantaki . Konkani
3410-532: Was a close associate of Shri Waman Raghunath Shennoi Varde Valaulikar, strove hard for the upliftment of Konkani in Karwar (North Kanara) and Konkan Patti. Following India's independence and its subsequent annexation of Goa in 1961, Goa was absorbed into the Indian Union as a Union Territory, directly under central administration. However, with the reorganisation of states along linguistic lines, and growing calls from Maharashtra, as well as Marathis in Goa for
3472-470: Was commonly referred to as Língua Canarim by the Portuguese and Língua Brahmana by Catholic missionaries. The Portuguese later started referring to Konkani as Língua Concanim . The name Canarim or Língua Canarim , which is how the 16th century European Jesuit Thomas Stephens refers to it in the title of his famous work Arte da lingoa Canarim has always been intriguing. It is possible that
3534-607: Was heavily influenced by the Portuguese language. All this did not change anything in Goa. Finally, fed up with the delay, Konkani activists launched an agitation in 1986, demanding official status for Konkani. The agitation turned violent in various places, resulting in the death of six agitators from the Catholic community: Floriano Vaz from Gogol Margao, Aldrin Fernandes, Mathew Faria, C. J. Dias, John Fernandes, and Joaquim Pereira, all from Agaçaim . Finally, on 4 February 1987,
3596-504: Was partly destroyed in an accidental fire 27 April 1838, with repairs completed in 1839. During " Operation Vijay " entire roof of the Church was damaged. The church represents an exquisite Baroque style . It has three storeys, with three doors and three windows with round balustrade balconies on each storey. At the rear of the church is a dome with the bell tower. The roof is made of wooden planks. The church has three altars. The church
3658-712: Was prevalent contemporary to old Marathi is found to be distinct from its counterpart. The Sauraseni impact on Konkani is not as prominent as that of Maharashtri. Very few Konkani words are found to follow the Sauraseni pattern. Konkani forms are rather more akin to Pali than the corresponding Sauraseni forms. The major Sauraseni influence on Konkani is the ao sound found at the end of many nouns in Sauraseni, which becomes o or u in Konkani. Examples include: dando , suno , raakhano , dukh , rukhu , manisu (from Prakrit), dandao , sunnao , rakkhakao , dukkhao , vukkhao , vrukkhao , and mannisso . Another example could be
3720-648: Was settled by a plebiscite in 1967 (the Goa Opinion Poll ). The Sahitya Akademi (a prominent literary organisation in India) recognised it as an independent language in 1975, and subsequently Konkani (in Devanagari script) was made the official language of Goa in 1987. St. Jerome Church (Mapusa) St. Jerome Church is a parish of the Catholic Church in Mapusa , Goa , India , in
3782-624: Was sidelined. With the continued insistence of some Marathis that Konkani was a dialect of Marathi and not an independent language, the matter was finally placed before the Sahitya Akademi . Suniti Kumar Chatterji , the president of the Akademi appointed a committee of linguistic experts to settle the dispute. On 26 February 1975, the committee came to the conclusion that Konkani was indeed an independent and literary language, classified as an Indo-European language, which in its present state
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#17327835653123844-514: Was the preferred choice of the Europeans, and also of other castes, for writing, sermons, and religious purposes. There are different views as to the origin of the word Konkan and hence Konkani: The substratum of the Konkani language lies in the speech of Austroasiatic tribes called Kurukh , Oraon , and Kukni, whose modern representatives are languages like Kurukh and its dialects including Kurux, Kunrukh, Kunna, and Malto . According to
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