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33-638: Martin Marprelate (sometimes printed as Martin Mar-prelate and Marre–Martin) was the name used by the anonymous author or authors of the seven Marprelate tracts that circulated illegally in England in the years 1588 and 1589. Their principal focus was an attack on the episcopacy of the Anglican Church . In 1583, the appointment of John Whitgift as Archbishop of Canterbury had signalled

66-432: A directive colophon: Example of a declarative colophon: The term is also applied to clay tablet inscriptions appended by a scribe to the end of an Ancient Near East ( e.g. , Early/Middle/Late Babylonian , Assyrian , Canaanite ) text such as a chapter, book, manuscript, or record. The colophon usually contained facts relative to the text such as associated person(s) ( e.g. , the scribe, owner, or commissioner of

99-401: A colophon was after the explicit (the end of the text, often after any index or register). Colophons sometimes contained book curses , as this was the one place in a medieval manuscript where a scribe was free to write what he wished. Such curses tend to be unique to each book. After around 1500 these data were often transferred to the title page , which sometimes existed in parallel with

132-581: A colophon, so that colophons grew generally less common in the 16th century. The statements of printing which appeared, under the terms of the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 ( 39 Geo. 3 . c. 79), on the verso of the title leaf and final page of each book printed in Great Britain in the 19th century are not, strictly speaking, colophons, and are better referred to as "printers' imprints" or "printer statements". In some parts of

165-399: A later (and incorrect) chapter division makes this verse a heading for the following chapter instead of interpreting it properly as a colophon or summary for the preceding two chapters, and Genesis 37:2a, a colophon that concludes the histories ( toledot ) of Jacob . An extensive study of the eleven colophons found in the book of Genesis was done by Percy John Wiseman. Wiseman's study of

198-532: A reply to the Admonition . Hales, the son of Christopher Hales and Mary Lucy, daughter of William Lucy, esquire, of Charlecote , was the nephew and heir of John Hales (d.1572). It now appeared to some of the ecclesiastical authorities that the only way to silence Martin was to have him attacked in his own railing style, and accordingly certain writers of ready wit, among them John Lyly , Thomas Nashe and Robert Greene , were secretly commissioned to answer

231-625: A sequel to Hay any Worke , was begun at Manchester, but while it was in progress the press was seized. Penry however was not found, and in September issued from Wolston or Haseley The Protestation of Martin Mar prelate , the last work of the series, though several of the anti-Martinist pamphlets appeared after this date. He then fled to Scotland , but was later apprehended in London, charged with inciting rebellion, and hanged (May 1593). The authorship of

264-531: Is an answer to A Defence of the Government established in the Church of Englande , by Dr John Bridges , Dean of Salisbury , itself a reply to earlier puritan works. Besides attacking the episcopal office in general, it assails certain prelates with much personal abuse. The Epistle attracted considerable notice and a reply was written by Thomas Cooper , Bishop of Winchester , under the title An Admonition to

297-543: The imprint page in a modern book. Examples of colophons in ancient literature may be found in the compilation The Ancient Near East: Supplementary Texts and Pictures Relating to the Old Testament (2nd ed., 1969). Colophons are also found in the Pentateuch , where an understanding of this ancient literary convention illuminates passages that are otherwise unclear or incoherent. Examples are Numbers 3:1, where

330-651: The title page or on the verso of the title leaf, which is sometimes called a biblio page or (when bearing copyright data) the copyright page . The term colophon derives from the Late Latin colophōn , from the Greek κολοφών (meaning "summit" or "finishing touch"). The term colophon was used in 1729 as the bibliographic explication at the end of the book by the English printer Samuel Palmer in his The General History of Printing, from Its first Invention in

363-516: The City of Mentz to Its first Progress and Propagation thro' the most celebrated Cities in Europe. Thereafter, colophon has been the common designation for the final page that gives details of the physical creation of the book. The existence of colophons can be traced back to antiquity. Zetzel, for example, describes an inscription from the 2nd century A.D., preserved in humanistic manuscripts. He cites

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396-522: The Genesis colophons, sometimes described as the Wiseman hypothesis , has a detailed examination of the catch phrases mentioned above that were used in literature of the second millennium B.C. and earlier in tying together the various accounts in a series of tablets. In early printed books the colophon, when present, was a brief description of the printing and publication of the book, giving some or all of

429-587: The Pasquill pamphlets, by contrast, has suffered from relative neglect by scholars of early modern England. During the English civil war, Leveller pamphleteer Richard Overton embraced Marprelate's legacy by publishing several tracts as "Martin Marpriest", purportedly Martin Marprelate's son. The Marprelate tracts are important documents in the history of English satire: critics from C. S. Lewis to John Carey have recognised their originality. In particular,

462-639: The People of England , but this was too long and too dull to appeal to the same class of readers as the Marprelate pamphlets, and produced little effect. Penry's press, removed in November to the home of Sir Richard Knightley at Fawsley , near Northampton , then produced a second tract by Martin, the Epitome , which contains more serious argument than the Epistle but is otherwise similar. Shortly afterward

495-514: The authorship of Job Throckmorton. Kathryn M. Longley and Patrick Collinson suggested George Carleton . Henry M. Dexter argued for Henry Barrow . Recent scholarship, the most authoritative and exhaustive being Joseph Black's The Martin Marprelate Tracts: A Modernized and Annotated Edition , has established that Throckmorton was the main author, assisted by Penry. The tracts had to be printed in secrecy, and some sort of organisation

528-572: The beginning of a drive against the Presbyterian movement in the church, and an era of censorship began. In 1586, by an edict of the Star Chamber , the archbishop was empowered to license and control all of the printing apparatus in the country. The true identity of "Martin" was for a long time the subject of speculation. For many years, the main candidate was John Penry , a Welsh preacher and author of several impassioned polemics against

561-507: The colophon from Poggio's manuscript, a humanist from the 15th century: Statili(us) / maximus rursum em(en)daui ad tyrone(m) et laecanianu(m) et dom̅ & alios ueteres. III. ( ‘I, Statilius Maximus, have for the second time revised the text according to Tiro, Laecanianus, Domitius and three others.’ ) A common colophon at the end of hand copied manuscripts was simply "Finished, thank God." Colophons can be categorized into four groups. Examples of expressive colophons: Example of

594-401: The corruptions of the Church of England. The style is 'a heady mixture of nonsense, satire, protest, irony and gossip', combined with pungent wit, 'full of the language of the street'. While Martin maintained puritan doctrines as a whole, the special point of his attack was the episcopacy . The pamphlets were printed at a secret press established by John Penry , a Welsh puritan, with the help of

627-580: The episcopacy and sometimes described the bishops as representing the Antichrist . The most prolific and effective of the anti-Martinists went by the colourful sobriquet, " the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill ". Pasquill was traditionally believed to have been Thomas Nashe, however R. B. McKerrow , the editor of Nashe's complete works refutes this: "further study led me to suspect – indeed, to feel almost certain – that Nashe had nothing to do with them (anti-Marprelates texts)." Francis Bacon also involved himself in

660-454: The following data: the date of publication, the place of publication or printing (sometimes including the address as well as the city name), the name(s) of the printer(s), and the name(s) of the publisher(s), if different. Sometimes additional information, such as the name of a proofreader or editor, or other more-or-less relevant details, might be added. A colophon might also be emblematic or pictorial rather than in words. The normal position for

693-617: The pamphleteering, writing An Advertisement Touching the Controversies of the Church of England in 1589, a piece which did not leave the bishops free from criticism. Some scholars, notably Arul Kumuran, have argued Robert Greene's later works were influenced by the Marprelate pamphlets, though Greene is noted as an anti-Martinist author. Some of the Marprelate pamphlets were reprinted in the seventeenth century, and an extensive scholarship has commented on their historical and literary significance. The anti-Martinist literature, including

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726-561: The pamphlets show concern with the status of the text, wittily pastiching conventions such as the colophon and marginalia . Marprelate Controversy The Marprelate Controversy was a war of pamphlets waged in England and Wales in 1588 and 1589, between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym Martin Marprelate , and defenders of the Church of England which remained an established church . Martin's tracts are characterised by mockery of Anglican dignitaries and satire against

759-828: The pamphlets. Among the productions of this group were Pappe with an Hatchet (Sept. 1589), probably by Lyly, and An Almond for a Parrat (1590), which, with certain tracts under the pseudonym of "the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill" , has been attributed to Nashe. Some anti-Martinist plays or shows (now lost) performed in 1589 were perhaps also their work. Meanwhile, in July 1589, Penry's press, now at Wolston , near Coventry, produced two tracts purporting to be by sons of Martin, but probably by Martin himself, namely, Theses Martinianae by Martin Junior , and The Just Censure of Martin Junior by Martin Senior . Shortly after this, More Work for Cooper ,

792-636: The press was moved to the Whitefriars, Coventry , the home of Knightley's great-nephew, John Hales (d. 1 January 1607/8), and his wife, Frideswide, the daughter of William Faunt. In late January 1589, Martin's Certain Mineral and Metaphysical School-points was printed at the Whitefriars, followed in March by John Penry's View of Some Part of Such Public Wants , and Martin's Hay Any Work For Cooper ,

825-625: The printer Robert Waldegrave , about midsummer 1588, for the issue of puritan literature was forbidden by the authorities. The first tract by "Martin Marprelate," known as the Epistle , was printed at the home of Mistress Crane at East Molesey in October 1588. Born Elizabeth Hussey , Mistress Crane was the widow of Anthony Crane (d. 16 August 1583), Master of the Queen's Household, and daughter of Sir Robert Hussey (d.1546), younger brother of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford . The Epistle

858-400: The rise and perpetuation of printing for Armenians. With the development of the private press movement from around 1890, colophons became conventional in private press books, and often included a good deal of additional information on the book, including statements of limitation, data on paper, ink, type, and binding, and other technical details. Some such books include a separate "Note about

891-628: The state of the church. Renaissance historian John Dover Wilson posited, in his 1912 book Martin Marprelate and Shakespeare's Fluellen , the Welsh soldier Roger Williams was the author of the first three tracts signed "Martin Prelate", with Penry authoring the subsequent tracts signed "Martin Junior" and the Warwickshire squire and Member of Parliament Job Throckmorton the author of those signed "Martin Senior". In 1981 Leland Carlson argued for

924-413: The tablet), literary contents ( e.g. , a title , "catch phrases" (repeated phrases), or number of lines), and occasion or purpose of writing. Colophons and catch phrases helped the reader organize and identify various tablets, and keep related tablets together. Positionally, colophons on ancient tablets are comparable to a signature line in modern times. Bibliographically, however, they more closely resemble

957-474: The tracts has been attributed to several persons: to Penry himself, who however emphatically denied it and whose acknowledged works have little resemblance in style to those of Martin; to Sir Michael Hicks (by the historian A.L. Rowse ); to Henry Barrow ; to Roger Williams ; to George Carleton by Kathryn M. Longley and Patrick Collinson ; and to the Warwickshire squire and Member of Parliament Job Throckmorton , whom most Marprelate scholars now believe

990-433: The type", which will identify the names of the primary typefaces used, provide a brief description of the type's history, and a brief statement about its most identifiable physical characteristics. Some commercial publishers took up the use of colophons and began to include similar details in their books, either at the end of the text (the traditional position) or on the verso of the title leaf. Such colophons might identify

1023-423: The world, colophons helped fledgling printers and printing companies gain social recognition. For example, in early modern Armenia printers used colophons as a way to gain "prestige power" by getting their name out into the social sphere. The use of colophons in early modern Armenian print culture is significant as well because it signaled the rate of decline in manuscript production and scriptoria use, and conversely

Martin Marprelate - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-531: Was involved to handle their production and distribution. Penry was definitely involved in the printing, and the press was frequently relocated to different parts of the country to avoid the authorities. Penry himself denied any involvement in the actual authorship. The government was concerned enough at the virulence of the attacks on the ecclesiastical hierarchy to respond in kind, hiring professional writers such as Thomas Nashe , Robert Greene and John Lyly to write counter-tracts. The tracts are invectives against

1089-424: Was the primary author with the assistance of Penry. Colophon (publishing) A colophon may include the device ( logo ) of a printer or publisher. Colophons are traditionally printed at the ends of books (see History below for the origin of the word), but sometimes the same information appears elsewhere (when it may still be referred to as colophon) and many modern (post-1800) books bear this information on

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