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50-710: In 1912, the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America set their headquarters in Ossining, New York , on top of a hill they called "Mary's Knoll", the first house in Hawthorne, New York , being too small. Eventually, this was shortened to "Maryknoll". The Maryknoll Society was the first Catholic missionary society in the United States; up until then the United States was considered mission territory. The Maryknoll Mission Center and Museum

100-834: A writ of certiorari . A number of other courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have held through the years that the Census and the questions in the Census are authorized by both the Constitution and Congressional statute. In 2002, the General Accounting Office confirmed that the U.S. Census Bureau has authority to conduct the survey and "require responses from the public". All individual American Community Survey responses are kept private and are used (along with other ACS responses) to create estimates of demographic characteristics for various geographies. Because of data swapping techniques to ensure confidentiality, it

150-713: A $ 250,000 fine. Under 13 U.S.C.   § 9 , census responses are "immune from legal process" and may not "be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding". The Census Bureau aggregates individual ACS responses, also known as microdata , into estimates at many geographic summary levels . Among these summary levels are legal and administrative entities such as states , counties , cities , and congressional districts , as well as statistical entities such as metropolitan statistical areas , tracts , block groups , and census designated places . Estimates for census blocks are not available from ACS. Puerto Rico

200-472: A female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. Of all households 28.9% were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.17. In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 39.1% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

250-553: A larger area. It has also provided unparalleled information to be more accessible for local government planning and financing. Many conclusions for local data are averaged from various information across the area, but it is not always an adequate representation. ACS estimates are available via a number of online data tools. U.S. Census website (AFF) is the primary tool for disseminating ACS data, allowing users to drill down to specific tables and geographies (starting with 2013 estimates, AFF also includes block group data). A selection of

300-483: A readership of more than 330,000. Ossining (village), New York Ossining ( / ˈ ɒ s ɪ n ɪ ŋ / OSS -in-ing ) is a village in Westchester County , New York , United States. The population at the 2020 United States census was 27,551, an increase from 25,060 at the 2010 census . As a village, it is located in the town of Ossining . Ossining borders the eastern shores of

350-636: Is also a Pace University campus. The Ossining Public Library , originally chartered in 1893 as the Sing Sing Public Library, serves the residents of the Village and Town of Ossining. The current library collections include 110,000 books, 25,000 non-print items, and 300 newspaper and magazine titles. As a charter member of the 38-member Westchester Library System, the Ossining Public Library offers its patrons access to

400-483: Is impossible to figure out how individual people responded based on data from published ACS estimates. Opponents of the American Community Survey disagree with the court's findings about its constitutionality, contending that the survey asks for more information and at a higher frequency than the simple enumeration authorized and required by Article 1, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution . Despite

450-681: Is located in Ossining. Maryknoll has its own Post Office and zip code (10545). In 1921 Katherine Slattery (Sr. Margaret Mary), who had previously worked for the Postal Service, opened the first U.S. Post Office at Maryknoll and became its first Postmistress. The Maryknoll Society , aka, the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers, was founded in 1911 for those men who desired entering the Religious Life. The Maryknoll Sisters

500-546: Is named in honor of longtime Ossining resident, Pulitzer Prize –winning author John Cheever . When Cheever died, the flags on Ossining's public buildings were lowered for 10 days. Ossining is known as the home of the Sing Sing Correctional Facility , one of the most well-known prisons in America. Ossining is also the home of the worldwide Maryknoll Catholic missions, as well as the site of

550-682: Is the largest household survey that the Census Bureau administers. The American Community Survey gathers information annually in the 50 U.S. states , the federal national capital city of Washington, D.C. ( District of Columbia ), and (via the Puerto Rico Community Survey ( PRCS ), which is part of the ACS) for the associated Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea . It does not gather information in

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600-611: Is the only US territory that is part of the ACS program. In order to balance geographic resolution, temporal frequency, statistical significance, and respondent privacy, ACS estimates released each year are aggregated from responses received in the previous calendar year or the previous five calendar years. The Census Bureau provides guidance for data users about which data set to use when analyzing different population and geography sizes. From 2007 to 2013, three-year estimates were available for areas with 20,000 people or more. This data product

650-509: The Briarcliff–Peekskill Parkway runs through the eastern edge of the village. Ossining has several public schools, operated by Ossining Union Free School District , and three nearby parochial schools . In 2000, Ossining High School was among the United States' highest performing schools. Ossining has two nearby college campuses. A Westchester Community College campus exists in Ossining; in nearby Briarcliff Manor , there

700-628: The Government Accountability Office 's conclusion that the U.S. Census Bureau has the authority to conduct the survey under 13 U.S.C.   § 141 and 13 U.S.C.   § 193 , several US representatives have challenged the ACS as unauthorized by the Census Act and a violation of the Right to Financial Privacy Act . U.S. Representative (congressman) Ron Paul of Texas , who opposes ACS, said that

750-690: The Metro-North Railroad 's Hudson Line . The Bee-Line Bus System provides bus service to Ossining on routes 11, 13, 14, and 19. NY Waterway also operates a ferry between Ossining and Haverstraw in Rockland County during the rush hours . No interstate highways exist within Ossining. The closest example of a federal highway that runs through the village is US 9 , along Highland Avenue and Albany Post Road . NY 133 begins at US 9, running along Croton Avenue, and NY 134 begins at that road along Dale Avenue. Part of NY 9A , along

800-574: The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), freely accessible through the Census Bureau website and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . PUMS data contain responses to every question from a sample of respondents. To protect respondent privacy, PUMS data are anonymized and only available down to areas containing 100,000 people or more known as Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs). The analysis of all ACS microdata without

850-678: The Society for the Propagation of the Faith for the Archdiocese of Boston , founded The Field Afar , a magazine to promote awareness of the Church's foreign missions. A main feature of the magazine were letters from missioners. Mary Josephine "Mollie" Rogers assisted Walsh in selecting, translating and editing the numerous mission letters that arrived for use in the magazine. After founding

900-515: The founding fathers of the United States "never authorized the federal government to continuously survey the American people". Those who decline to complete the survey may receive visits to their homes from Census Bureau personnel. Because it is a mandatory survey, it is governed by federal laws that could impose a fine of as much as $ 5,000 on those who flagrantly refuse to participate. To date, no person has been prosecuted for refusing to answer

950-399: The 2020 American Community Survey , the village was 21.7% Ecuadorian . As of the census of 2000, there were 24,010 people, 8,227 households, and 5,339 families living in the village. The population density was 7,464.8 inhabitants per square mile (2,882.2/km ). There were 8,515 housing units at an average density of 2,647.4 units per square mile (1,022.2 units/km ). The racial makeup of

1000-555: The ACS. Kenneth Prewitt , the former director of the U.S. Census Bureau, said in March 2000 that the United States Department of Commerce is "not an enforcement agency" and that the parallel United States Department of Justice in the presidential cabinet would be responsible for prosecuting violations, adding that "we don't recommend that". The Census Bureau prefers to gain cooperation by convincing respondents of

1050-454: The ACS. Each address has about a 1-in-480 chance of being selected in a given month, and no address should be selected more than once every five years. Data is collected by internet, mail, telephone interviews, and in-person interviews. The questionnaire is available in English and Spanish, with assistance provided in additional languages. Approximately one-third of those who do not respond to

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1100-432: The Census Bureau could release "period" estimates to produce estimates for smaller areas. After a decade of testing, it launched as the American Community Survey in 2005, replacing the once-a-decade census long form. The American Community Survey initially sampled approximately 3.5 million housing unit addresses and group quarters in the United States. The Census Bureau selects a random sample of addresses to be included in

1150-581: The Crotonville Institute, the famous General Electric leadership training facility, founded in 1956. In seasons 1–3 of AMC 's TV series Mad Men , Ossining is home to lead character Don Draper and his family. It remains the home of his ex-wife Betty and their children through much of season 4, until they move to Rye . In FX 's The Shield , transfer to Ossining is offered to an inmate in exchange for testimony, stated as "Safe and sound in Ossining, New York" as opposed to referencing

1200-532: The Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic in 1912, the sisters took over much of the responsibility for the production and mailing of The Field Afar . Maryknoll Brothers would then haul the mail sacks to the Ossining train station for distribution. In 1918, the name "Maryknoll" was added to the title and at the 50th anniversary of the publication the wording “The Field Afar” was dropped. Maryknoll magazine , and its Spanish equivalent Revista Misioneros , have

1250-669: The Maryknoll Sisters, and the Maryknoll Affiliates. In addition to those four organizations, it can also reference the Maryknoll Office of Global Concerns, a collaborative ministry of the Lay Missioners, Fathers and Brothers, and Sisters that serves as a resource for Maryknoll leadership and Maryknoll missioners to enable them to act when appropriate on behalf of peace, social justice and the integrity of creation. In 1907, Fr. James Walsh , then director of

1300-857: The United States. Brandreth's firm was at one point the nation's leading proprietary advertiser. He was president of the village for many years. Due to Ossining's history, some of its structures are on the National Register of Historic Places , and the downtown shopping area is listed as the Downtown Ossining Historic District . In addition, the Sparta neighborhood has been designated a local historic district. Ossining's role in New York's heritage has been recognized by its inclusion, as one of only 14 areas, in an Urban Cultural Park System designed to attract visitors to

1350-545: The administrators and statisticians / mathematicians of the United States Census Bureau ( Bureau of the Census ), first established in 1902 within the United States Department of Commerce , to begin asking a sample of the American population a sub-set of additional detailed questions without unduly increasing cost or respondent burden. In the decades that followed, new questions were added to those that had previously been asked of all respondents, and all

1400-769: The border between present-day Manhattan and the Bronx to the Croton River. The last Lord of the Manor, Frederick III , was a Loyalist in the American Revolutionary War who fled to England, so the State of New York confiscated the manor in 1779. In 1838 Benjamin Brandreth built a manufacturing facility for his Vegetable Universal Pills , which became one of the most successful patent medicines in

1450-541: The count. At the Congress's request, the U.S. Census Bureau in the United States Department of Commerce , developed and tested a new design to obtain long-form data. noted U.S. statistician / mathematician Leslie Kish (1910-2000), had introduced the concept of a rolling sample (or continuous measurement) design in 1981. This design featured ongoing, monthly data collection aggregated on a yearly basis, enabling annual data releases. By combining multiple years of this data,

1500-478: The creation of a mid-decade census, holding hearings and even authorizing a special mid-decade census in the American Bicentennial year of 1976, but not funding it. Efforts to obtain data on a more frequent basis began again after the 1990 U.S. Decennial Census , when it became clear that the more burdensome long form was depressing overall census response rates and jeopardizing the accuracy of

1550-704: The distribution of $ 416 billion, 29 percent of all federal assistance. The American Community Survey is authorized by 13 U.S.C. § 141 and 13 U.S.C. § 193. Federal courts have held that the long form is constitutional. In 2000, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that the 2000 U.S. Decennial Census and its questions did not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution or any other constitutional provisions that were alleged in

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1600-581: The federal lawsuit initiated by the plaintiffs. The federal district court said responses to census questions are not a violation of an American citizen's right to privacy or free speech. The U.S. District Court's decision in Texas was later affirmed by the higher United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States denied the petition for

1650-444: The first United States Decennial Census three years later in 1790 , congressional legislators understood that it should also collect basic demographic information beyond just the number of people in the household. James Madison (1751-1836), an American Founding Father and the fourth President of the United States (served 1809-1817), first proposed including additional questions in the U.S. Decennial Census to "enable them to adapt

1700-512: The importance of participation while acknowledging that the mandate improves response rates (and thus accuracy) and lowers the annual cost of survey administration by more than $ 90 million. In 2014, the Census Project , a collaboration of pro-Census business and industry associations, gathered signatures from 96 national and local organizations urging the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to reject

1750-498: The more than one million holdings of the other county libraries. A $ 15.8-million building program was started in 2005 to replace the 1960s-era facility with a new 48,000-square-foot (4,500 m ) building. The new Ossining Public Library opened in March 2007 and added many new or enhanced services, including over 50 public Internet terminals, a 250-seat theater, an art gallery, and the county's first radio frequency ( RFID ) circulation system. The main reading room of Ossining's library

1800-567: The most popular tables is shown in QuickFacts . Other tools include OnTheMap for Emergency Management , Census Business Builder and My Congressional District . My Tribal Area featuring 5-year estimates for federally recognized tribes, launched in 2017. The Summary File is the most detailed data source and is available as a series of downloadable text files or through an application programming interface (API) for software developers. Custom cross-tabulations of ACS questions can be made using

1850-552: The other four major U.S. territories / commonwealths and associated states of American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean , and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea . The Article I, Section II of the Constitution of the United States of 1787, adopted 1788, requires an enumeration of the population every ten years "in such Manner as they (Congress) shall by Law direct". From

1900-603: The poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. Frederick Philipse bought the area that presently constitutes the Town of Ossining from the Sint Sinck Indians in 1685. The Sint Sinck are members of the Wappinger Confederacy, who inhabited the land east of Hudson River between what is now Tarrytown and Croton. His manor extended from Spuyten Duyvil Creek on

1950-471: The public measures to the particular circumstances of the community". Such knowledge collected with each census, President Madison argued, "would give them an opportunity of marking the progress of the society". The questions included in censuses since 1790 have reflected American understandings of and concerns about societal trends and the growing nation's expanded data needs. By 130 years later in 1940, advancements in statistical methods and knowledge enabled

2000-502: The questions were moved to the sample questionnaire form. As the sample form grew longer than the census form itself, it became known as the Census "long form". Following the 1960 U.S. Decennial Census , federal, state, and local governmental officials, and some in the private sector began demanding more timely long-form-type data. Lawmakers representing rural districts claimed they were at a data disadvantage, unable to self-fund additional surveys of their populations. Congress explored

2050-985: The sampling and anonymization in PUMS is restricted to qualified researchers at secure Federal Statistical Research Data Centers (FSRDCs). The Census Bureau conducts research and evaluation projects, including survey methodology research, important for the improvement of the ACS. The ACS data is used by researchers to examine societal changes, study data quality, and conduct methodological research. American Community Survey data provides important information that cannot be found elsewhere. The federal government, as well as various businesses, researchers, and local governments use ACS data for planning and decision-making purposes. ACS data are used by public and business decision-makers to more clearly identify issues and opportunities and more effectively allocate scarce resources to address them. In Fiscal Year 2008, 184 federal domestic assistance programs used ACS-related datasets to help guide

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2100-787: The state. Also on the National Register of Historic Places are the Richard Austin House , Brandreth Pill Factory , First Baptist Church of Ossining , Highland Cottage , St. Paul's Episcopal Church and Rectory , and Washington School . Until 1901, the village was known as Sing Sing. It changed its name to avoid the stigma of association with Sing Sing Correctional Facility , which is still Ossining's largest employer. The Ossining train station provides commuter rail service to Grand Central Terminal in New York City or Croton-Harmon and Poughkeepsie via

2150-468: The survey by mail or telephone are randomly selected for in-person interviews. About 95 percent of households across all response modes ultimately participate in the survey. Like the decennial census, ACS responses are confidential . Every employee at the Census Bureau takes an oath of nondisclosure and is sworn for life to not disclose identifying information. Violations of the nondisclosure oath are punishable by prison sentences of up to five years and/or

2200-803: The town's original name of Sing Sing which might have jeopardized the deal. American Community Survey The American Community Survey ( ACS ) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the United States Census Bureau . It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census , including ancestry, US citizenship status, educational attainment, income, language proficiency, migration, disability , employment, and housing characteristics. These data are used by many public-sector , private-sector , and not-for-profit stakeholders to allocate funding, track shifting demographics, plan for emergencies, and learn about local communities. Sent to approximately 295,000 addresses monthly, or 3.5 million addresses annually, it

2250-409: The village was 60.5% White , 20.2% Black or African American , 0.2% Native American , 4.2% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , 10.4% from other races , and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.7% of the population. There were 8,227 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 12.9% had

2300-722: The widest part of the Hudson River , the Tappan Zee . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16 km ), of which 3.2 square miles (8.3 km ) is land and 3.1 square miles (8.0 km ) (49.37%) is water. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 25,060 people living in the village. The racial makeup of the village was 61.8% White, 15.6% Black, 0.1% Native American, 4.2% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from some other race and 1.3% from two or more races. 41.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. According to

2350-481: The world, serving those less fortunate or on the margins. The Maryknoll Affiliates, are a Maryknoll organization for those who are not called to mission, but have an appreciation of the Maryknoll charism or spirituality. They meet around the world in regional chapters. Today, Maryknoll is used as a catch-all term related to the four organizations: Maryknoll Lay Missioners, Maryknoll Society of Fathers and Brothers,

2400-413: Was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 52,185, and the median income for a family was $ 60,179. Males had a median income of $ 40,412 versus $ 36,975 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 25,036. About 7.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below

2450-428: Was discontinued in 2015 due to budget cuts. The last 3-year release was the 2011–2013 ACS 3-year estimates. Current data releases include: Over the past decade, the American Community Survey has collected and supplied all data at local levels. This was a large breakthrough in the survey because it allows American citizens more individualized data on a community level as opposed to extrapolating from data collected over

2500-592: Was founded in 1912 for women who wanted to enter religious life and maintain the Maryknoll Missioner's charism. The Maryknoll Lay Missioners , often shortened to MKLM, began as a collaborative ministry between the Fathers and Brothers and the Sisters in 1974. MKLM became its own organization within the Maryknoll family in 1994. It is for those individuals and families who wish to serve in mission around

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