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33-499: The commission operates under Title 11, Business Regulation, Annotated Code of Maryland, Horse Racing. and operated the following sub-committees; Maryland-Bred Race Fund Advisory Committee, Maryland Standardbred Race Fund Advisory Committee and the Maryland Jockey Injury Compensation Fund. In 1967 Kathryn Kusner applied for a jockey license through the commission but was denied because she was

66-579: A 2005 Library of Congress publication, Women Who Dare . She was even featured in the Disney movie, The Horse in the Grey Flannel Suit , for long riding shots. Outside of the horse world, Kusner is a licensed pilot with commercial, multi-engine, instrument, seaplane, and commercial glider ratings. She obtained a Lear Jet -type rating, for the Lear 23 and 24, and became the first woman to work as

99-458: A Lear Jet pilot for Executive Jet Aviation , which was the largest jet charter company in the world at that time. She is also a skilled flying acrobat, an experienced scuba, and an active marathon runner. She has completed 122 marathons as of September 2014 and 73 ultramarathons, including 20 races of 50 miles or longer. 1972 Summer Olympics The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ), officially known as

132-663: A Munich landmark after the Games. The competition sites, designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ), and an Olympic village very close to the park. The design of these stadia was considered revolutionary, with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes, used on such

165-510: A financial interest in racing who serve four year terms. Mike Hopkins (Executive Director 2003–present) Bruce Quade (Director 2011-), Tom Winebrener, John Franzone, David Hayden, Charles Tildon, Ernest Grecco, Mary Louise Preis, Louis Ulman, John McDaniel, Bruce C. Spizler (Senior Assistant Attorney General) This gambling -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to sports in Maryland

198-686: A large scale for the first time. The event was overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week, in which 11 Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at the Olympic Village were killed by the Palestinian militant organisation Black September . Munich won its Olympic bid on 26 April 1966, at the 64th IOC Session in Rome , Italy , over bids presented by Detroit, Madrid, and Montréal. Montréal would eventually host

231-430: A renowned equestrian by giving riding clinics all over the world. Beyond the show ring, she has worked as an expert witness concerning horse-related issues since 1983, a course designer both nationally and internationally, a television commentator for Grand Prix show jumping events and a writer for well-known equestrian journals. Her impact and work has had her featured in a variety of television shows, books, articles and

264-635: A well-connected or wealthy family, she could not buy her own horse. Instead, Kusner spent her time working at the stables for $ 2 an afternoon. More importantly though, Kusner could ride horses and take lessons. Her riding and jumping skills quickly grew, and soon Kusner was being noticed by horse dealers. She spent much of her high school years completely immersed in the world of horses, riding and performing in shows and ring events as well as showing horses for horse dealers. Although she began by riding "their most raggedy rough horses," getting any and every experience she could, she rose to ride better horses, even riding

297-558: A woman. However, in 1968 Judge Ernest A. Loveless of the Circuit Court of Prince Georges County ordered her to be granted the license. Kusner thus became the first licensed female jockey in the United States. In 1992, the commission introduced off-track betting. The current head of the racing commission is Bruce Quade. The commission is required to have five board members without a financial interest and four members with

330-522: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kathryn Kusner Kathryn Hallowell "Kathy" Kusner (born March 21, 1940) is an American equestrian and Olympic medalist in show jumping . She was one of the first woman who rode for the United States Equestrian Team (USET), the first licensed female jockey , and the first American women to win an Olympic medal in equestrian competition . Kathryn "Kathy" Kusner

363-623: The Games of the XX Olympiad ( German : Spiele der XX. Olympiade ) and officially branded as Munich 1972 ( German : München 1972 ; Bavarian : Minga 1972 ), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972. It was the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany, after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under

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396-464: The Los Angeles area to a five-day horse and riding camp. By the end of October 2014, it was recorded that over 928 at risk children and adults have taken part in 91 horse camps through HHLA. The camps allowed children to work with horses and develop emotional and personal bonds through learning the care and riding of horses. Although Kusner no longer competes, she continues to leave her legacy as

429-573: The Maryland Racing Commission but was denied because she was a woman. In an interview with Makers , Kusner noted that "I never, ever thought about being a woman until it was time to get a jock's license." At this time, Kusner was an internationally acclaimed equestrian but could not legally compete in American races without a jockey license. Kusner and her lawyer took her case to court, and in 1968 Judge Ernest A. Loveless of

462-603: The Mossad . Jamal Al-Gashey , who is believed to be the sole survivor, is still living today in hiding in an unspecified African country with his wife and two children. The Olympic events were suspended several hours after the initial attack for the first time in the modern Olympic Games history, but once the incident was concluded, Avery Brundage , the International Olympic Committee president, declared that "the Games must go on". A memorial ceremony

495-632: The Nazi rule . Germany became only the second country at that point after the United States to have two different cities host the Summer Olympics. The West German government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world, as shown by the Games' official motto, "Die Heiteren Spiele" , or "the cheerful Games". The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo (the "Bright Sun") by Otl Aicher ,

528-553: The 1972 Summer Games was withdrawn by the International Olympic Committee four days before the opening ceremony, in response to African countries' (such as Ethiopia and Kenya ) protests against the Rhodesian government. (Rhodesia did, however, compete in the 1972 Summer Paralympics , held a little earlier in Heidelberg .) The People's Republic of China last competed at the 1952 Summer Games but had since withdrawn from

561-555: The Circuit Court of Prince Georges County ordered her to be granted the license. Kusner thus became the first licensed female jockey in the United States in October 1968. After taking time off in 1969 from a broken leg, Kusner won a silver medal in the 1972 Munich Olympics and became the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in equestrian competition. Now a licensed jockey, she competed in races from Canada to Mexico, Germany, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Panama, South Africa, and what

594-720: The Games. The cost for Munich 1972 compares with costs of US$ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, US$ 15 billion for London 2012 (the most costly Summer Olympics to date) and US$ 51 billion for Sochi 2014 — the most expensive Olympic Games in history. Average cost for Summer Games since 1960 is US$ 5.2 billion. The 1972 Summer Olympic programme featured 195 events in the following 21 sports: Eleven nations made their first Olympic appearance in Munich: Albania , Dahomey (now Benin ), Gabon , North Korea , Lesotho , Malawi , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Swaziland , Togo , Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso ). Rhodesia 's invitation to take part in

627-620: The IOC due to a dispute with the Republic of China over the right to represent China. ‡ No medals were awarded on 5 September as all Olympic competitions were suspended during that day although events that were being held at the time of the suspension were allowed to finish to their conclusion. Note: The Memorial service was held in the Olympic Stadium on 6 September which was attended by 80,000 spectators and 3,000 athletes. Following this all Olympic competitions were then allowed to resume after

660-586: The Oscar-winning documentary, One Day in September . An account of the aftermath is also dramatized in three films: the 1976 made-for-TV movie 21 Hours at Munich , the 1986 made-for-TV movie Sword of Gideon and Steven Spielberg 's 2005 film Munich . In her film 1972 , Artist Sarah Morris interviews Georg Sieber, a former police psychiatrist who advised the Olympics' security team, about

693-520: The airport, tonight. They're all gone." —After a series of conflicting reports and rumours, Jim McKay of ABC brought the news at 3:24 a.m. local time. All but three of the terrorists were killed as well. Although arrested and imprisoned pending trial, they were released by the West German government on 29 October 1972, in exchange for the hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 . Two of those three were supposedly hunted down and assassinated later by

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726-652: The best jumper in the United States at the time. Since the age of 16, Kusner also participated in unrecognized flat and timber races, where she often won. In 1958, when Kusner was 18, she was invited to the United States Equestrian Team trials. Two years later, she was named "Horsewoman of the Year" by the American Horse Shows Association . In 1961 at age 21, Kusner officially joined the United States Equestrian Team as

759-434: The designer and director of the visual conception commission. The hostesses wore sky-blue dirndls as a promotion of Bavarian cultural heritage. The Olympic mascot, the dachshund " Waldi ", was the first officially named Olympic mascot. The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals. The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) was based on Frei Otto 's plans and became

792-553: The events and aftermath of Black September. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Munich 1972 Summer Olympics at US$ 1.0 billion in 2015-dollars. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by

825-428: The first moments of the break-in; the subsequent standoff in the Olympic Village lasted for almost 18 hours. Late in the evening of 5 September that same day, the terrorists and their nine remaining hostages were transferred by helicopter to the military airport of Fürstenfeldbruck , ostensibly to board a plane bound for an undetermined Arab country. The German authorities planned to ambush them there, but underestimated

858-744: The first woman member in 10 years. She helped win a team gold medal for the 1963 Pan-Am Games in San Paulo and represented the United States in the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. In 1967, she brought a team silver medal at the Pan-Am Games in Winnipeg and in 1968, she represented the United States for the Olympics in Mexico. 1967 also marked the year when Kusner applied for a jockey license through

891-560: The following Olympic Games in 1976 . The Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the "Munich massacre". Just before dawn on 5 September, a group of eight members of the Palestinian Black September militant organization broke into the Olympic Village and took eleven Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage in their apartments. Two of the hostages who resisted were killed in

924-424: The host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging

957-570: The numbers of their opposition and were thus undermanned. During a botched rescue attempt, all of the Israeli hostages were killed. Four of them were shot, then incinerated when one of the terrorists detonated a grenade inside the helicopter in which the hostages were sitting. The 5 remaining hostages were then shot and killed with a machine gun. "Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They have now said that there were 11 hostages. Two were killed in their rooms, yesterday morning. Nine were killed at

990-468: The time were dominated by a pacifist approach imposed after World War II. This led to the creation of the elite counter-terrorist unit GSG 9 , similar to the British SAS . It also led Israel to launch the Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre , in which those suspected of involvement were systematically tracked down and assassinated. The events of the Munich massacre were chronicled in

1023-551: Was born in Gainesville, Florida , on March 21, 1940. Her mother was a teacher; her father was a mathematics professor at U. Florida and later a Lt. Colonel in the Air Force. She grew up with a natural affinity for horses, searching for them in fields throughout her childhood days. When she first saw a horse show, she immediately knew that she wanted to ride horses for the rest of her life. However, because she did not come from

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1056-592: Was then Rhodesia. She was also the first woman to ride in the Maryland Hunt Cup , the toughest timber race in the world. In 1990, Kusner was inducted into United States Show Jumping Hall of Fame . In 2021, she was inducted into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame . In 1990, Kusner founded the organization, Horses in the Hood (HHLA), which brought at-risk inner-city children in

1089-471: Was then held in the Olympic stadium, and the competitions resumed after a stoppage of 34 hours. Due to the suspension, the Games that were originally to close on 10 September were rescheduled to 11 September. The attack prompted heightened security at subsequent Olympics beginning with the 1976 Winter Olympics . The massacre led the German federal government to re-examine its anti-terrorism policies, which at

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