A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative , because it alters the form of the word to which it is affixed.
63-574: (Redirected from McWords ) Neologisms derisively comparing society to fast food chains [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "McWord" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) A McWord
126-489: A degree mill ). McJob – A low-paying job in which one serves as an interchangeable cog in a corporate machine; originally appearing in an article in The Washington Post in 1986 and later popularised by Douglas Coupland 's novel Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture . McLibel case and McLibel (film) McMansion – Quickly-built mansions ; a group of large houses built in
189-495: A distance learning and diploma mills expert, has written that fake degrees are risky for buyers and consumers: In Australia , it is a criminal offence to call an institution a university, or issue university degrees, without authorisation through an act of federal or state parliaments. Under the Higher Education Support Act 2003 , corporations wishing to use the term "university" require approval from
252-433: A factory . More broadly, it describes any institution that offers qualifications which are not accredited nor based on proper academic assessment. While the terms "degree mill" and "diploma mill" are commonly used interchangeably, within the academic community a distinction is sometimes drawn. A "degree mill" issues diplomas from unaccredited institutions which may be legal in some states but are generally illegitimate, while
315-452: A master's degree ) without study. The term "diploma mill" may also be used pejoratively to describe a legitimate institution with low academic admission standards and a low job placement rate, such as for-profit schools . Diploma mills share a number of features that differentiate them from respected institutions, although some legitimate institutions may exhibit some of the same characteristics. The most notable feature of diploma mills
378-425: A pejorative for heavily commercialized or globalized things and concepts. Examples [ edit ] Official McDonald's products and branding concepts [ edit ] [REDACTED] A screenshot of the video gaming website IGN under "McIGN" branding circa September 2003 McCafé McInternet – A free Wi-Fi service in some U.S. McDonald's restaurants. In Venezuela and Brazil , it
441-438: A "diploma mill" issues counterfeit diplomas bearing the names of real universities. Academic diplomas may be legitimately awarded without any study as a recognition of authority or experience. When given extraordinarily, such degrees are called honorary degrees or honoris causa degrees. Also, in some universities, holders of a lower degree (such as a bachelor's degree ) may be routinely awarded honorary higher degrees (such as
504-1847: A 24-hour McDonald's. See also [ edit ] Cocacolonization Disneyfication Walmarting " Tesco Value " for a similar usage in the UK, referring to the supermarket Tesco 's own budget brand. Internet-related prefixes References [ edit ] ^ McDonald's: Serviços Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine ^ Prichard, Peter: "The Making of McPaper" Andrews McMeel Pub, 1987. Amazon Link ^ " 'McRefugees' in Hong Kong?" . USA Today . 1 May 2007. v t e McDonald's History Advertising marketing campaigns Countries with franchises Legal cases Product list International availability McDonald's and unions People Richard and Maurice McDonald Ray Kroc Joan Kroc Ralph Alvarez Charlie Bell Al Bernardin Jim Cantalupo George Cohon Dan Coudreaut Steve Easterbrook Janice L. Fields Den Fujita Don Gorske Jack M. Greenberg Lou Groen Eikō Harada Chris Kempczinski June Martino Herb Peterson Michael R. Quinlan Ed Rensi Willard Scott James A. Skinner Donald N. Smith Harry J. Sonneborn Don Thompson Fred L. Turner George T. Yang Company Hamburger University Leaps and Bounds McBarge McCafé CosMc's McDonald's Chicago Flagship McDonald's #1 Store Museum McDonald's at
567-472: A Finnish degree or equivalent is not claimed. Also, English terms like "Bachelor" or "Doctor" are not protected. In Germany , it is a criminal offense to call an institution a Universität (university) or Fachhochschule , or to issue academic degrees, without authorization through an act of the respective state's Ministry of Education. It is also a misdemeanor to falsely claim a degree in Germany if it
630-484: A Provincial Act or a State Act or an institution deemed to be a University under section 3 or an institution specially empowered by an Act of Parliament to confer or grant degrees." UGC has published a warning dated July 2012 against Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM) about the unrecognized status of IIPM. Legitimate higher education qualifications in Ireland are placed on, or formally aligned, with
693-519: A Quarter Pounder Taylor Company Urban legends " Boom, Like That " The Founder (2016 film) McMillions (2020 documentary series) List of nicknames for McDonald's 2024 McDonald's E. coli outbreak Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McWord&oldid=1257935268 " Categories : McWords McDonald's Snowclones Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description
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#1732801270364756-449: A different lexical category . Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes . English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose. Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy , it creates the word unhappy . The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix (meaning "attach", in this case), and
819-627: A diploma mill is often a postal box, mail forwarding service or suite number. There are legitimate distance learning institutions with limited facilities, however, but legitimate universities make their authority clear. For academics, publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals are important for establishing scientific credentials. However, in diploma mills, the research is either absent, fake or purely self-published without any external review. This may be hard to spot, since fake journals also exist. Faculty pages with bios and research may even be stolen from legitimate universities. Buyers often use
882-535: A diploma mill qualification is legal, passing it off as an accredited one for personal gain is a crime in many jurisdictions. In some cases the diploma mill may itself be guilty of an offense , if it knew or ought to have known that the qualifications it issues are used for fraudulent purposes. Diploma mills could also be guilty of fraud if they mislead customers into believing that the qualifications they issue are accredited or recognized, or make false claims that they will lead to career advancement, and accept money on
945-492: A government appointed notary ". In reality notarization only certifies that the document was signed by the person named. Diploma mills are frequently named to sound confusingly similar to those of prestigious accredited academic institutions. Despite the fact that trademark law is intended to prevent this situation, diploma mills continue to employ various methods to avoid legal recourse . Several diploma mills have adopted British-sounding names, similar but not identical to
1008-654: A part of the formation of nouns, prefixes are less common in Russian than suffixes, but alter the meaning of a word. In German, derivatives formed with prefixes may be classified in two categories: those used with substantives and adjectives, and those used with verbs. For derivative substantives and adjectives, only two productive prefixes are generally addable to any substantive or adjective as of 1970: un- , which expresses negation (as in ungesund , from gesund ), and ur- , which means "original, primitive" in substantives, and has an emphatic function in adjectives. ge- , on
1071-437: A per-degree basis rather than by term or by course. Diploma mills are often advertised using e-mail spam or other questionable methods. Legitimate institutions use traditional advertising and high school recruitment. Prospective students are encouraged to "enroll now" before tuition or fees are increased. They may be told that they qualify for a fellowship, scholarship or grant, or offered deals to sign up for multiple degrees at
1134-688: A regional level, and there is no federal oversight. For example, in Ontario the Post-secondary Education Choice and Excellence Act, 2000 regulates degree-granting authority. Any institution that wishes to offer a degree or use the term "university" must be authorized to do so under an Act of the Legislature or by the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. A list of recognized Canadian higher education institutions
1197-414: A role in creating unrecognized accrediting bodies as well. These diploma and degree mills may further confuse matters by claiming to consider work history, professional education, and previous learning, and may even require the submission of a dissertation or thesis in order to give an added appearance of legitimacy. As diploma mills are typically licensed to do business , it is common practice within
1260-409: A thesis or dissertation for evaluation to give an appearance of authenticity. Diploma mills are frequently supported by accreditation mills set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity. Diploma mills are considered a global threat to academic integrity . The term "diploma mill" originally denotes an institution providing diplomas on an intensive and profit-making basis, like
1323-419: A yearly list of qualified higher-education institutions. Institutions not on the list cannot admit students or award degrees. Also, no institution may call itself a "university" or "college" without approval by a provincial-level education department. Any institution, public or private, which wishes to name itself after a geographic region larger than a province (e.g. "South China ... University") must go through
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#17328012703641386-525: Is a word containing the prefix Mc- , derived from the first syllable of the name of the McDonald's restaurant chain. Words of this nature are either official marketing terms of the chain (such as McNugget ), or are neologisms designed to evoke pejorative associations with the restaurant chain or fast food in general, often for qualities of cheapness, inauthenticity, or the speed and ease of manufacture. They are also used in non- consumerism contexts as
1449-618: Is accredited by the Ministry of Education in Mozambique and the Southern African Development Community . All universities and colleges are public institutions; universities are public institutions or foundations, and vocational universities are municipal organs. There are no private higher educational institutions and no legal mechanism to found or accredit any. Universities are explicitly defined in
1512-759: Is an Internet cafe service offered in several McDonald's restaurants. McState, now McHire – The McDonald's job and career search service. McWorld – The term was used in a mid-1990s McDonald's advertising campaign depicting a world ruled by children. It is also used in a critical way to emphasize the deprecation of local culture in favor of a global culture prescribed by large corporations. McNuggets McChicken McDouble McRib McFlurry McMuffin McWords not officially related to McDonald's [ edit ] See also: wikt:Category:English terms prefixed with Mc- (derogatory) McChurch – A megachurch . McDonaldization –
1575-893: Is available on the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials website. The topic of diploma mills in Canada has been covered by the popular media since the 1970s, including in-depth investigations by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), news coverage by the Canadian Press and other mainstream media. Most, but not all, universities and colleges in the People's Republic of China are public institutions. The Ministry of Education, which has legal authority to regulate college enrollment and degree awarding, publishes
1638-509: Is covered at Hyphen > Prefixes and suffixes . Commonly used prefixes in Japanese include お〜 ( o- ) and ご〜 ( go- ) . They are used as part of the honorific system of speech , and are used as markers for politeness, showing respect for the person or thing they are affixed to, notably also being used euphemistically . In the Bantu languages of Africa , which are agglutinating ,
1701-409: Is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional references from December 2008 All articles needing additional references Prefix (linguistics) Prefixes, like other affixes, can be either inflectional , creating a new form of a word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category , or derivational , creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also
1764-545: Is independently assessed by the Agency for Development of Higher Education and Quality Assurance and formally conferred by the Ministry of Education and Science for each canton , entity or district . Only these institutions are allowed to award academic degrees and diplomas. Illegal use of academic titles or academic degrees and "non-accredited diplomas" may lead to prosecution, conviction, fines or even imprisonment. In Canada education, including higher education, falls under
1827-494: Is liable to 14 years' imprisonment. Section 76 assigns the same penalty for anyone who makes or possesses machines that create such false documents. The University Grants Commission (UGC) states, in section 22 of the University Grants Commission Act of 1956: "The right of conferring or granting degrees shall be exercised only by a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act,
1890-468: Is not accredited, see de:Missbrauch von Titeln, Berufsbezeichnungen und Abzeichen . Some corporate training programs in Germany use the English term "corporate university". Such use of the term is tolerated since it is widely understood that such programs are not actual universities. Similarly, Fachhochschulen frequently use the English term "university of applied science". Neither are permitted to use
1953-446: Is offered, the professors may themselves hold advanced degrees from the diploma mill itself or from other unaccredited institutions. They may also sport legitimate qualifications that are unrelated to the subject they teach. Doctoral theses and dissertations from the institution will not be available from University Microfilms International , a national repository, or even the institution's own library, if it has one. The address given by
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2016-441: Is that they lack accreditation by a nationally recognized accrediting agency. (Note, however, that not all unaccredited institutions of higher learning are diploma mills.) Diploma mills therefore employ various tactics in an attempt to appear more legitimate to potential students. Some diploma mills claim accreditation by an accreditation mill while referring to themselves as being "fully accredited". Accreditation mills based in
2079-596: Is typically restricted. However, enforcement has sometimes been less restrictive, and an .edu domain cannot be taken as verification of school quality or reputation. Some diploma mills use an .ac top-level domain name, which resembles genuine second-level academic domain names like ac.uk but is in fact the ccTLD for Ascension Island . To prevent misuse of their names in this way, some legitimate academic institutions have registered .ac domains. Compared to legitimate institutions, diploma mills tend to have drastically lowered academic requirements, if any at all. Depending on
2142-566: The Navajo language are formed from a word stem and multiple affixes. For example, each verb requires one of four non-syllabic prefixes ( ∅ , ł , d , l ) to create a verb theme. In the Sunwar language of Eastern Nepal , the prefix ma- म is used to create negative verbs . It is the only verbal prefix in the language. ma .rimʃo NEG .nice al child ma .rimʃo al NEG.nice child Bad child! (scolding) As
2205-442: The noun class is conveyed through prefixes, which is declined and agrees with all of its arguments accordingly. ò-mú -límí AG - CL1 -farmer ò-mú -néné AG - CL1 -fat ò-mú -kâddé AG - CL1 -old ò-mú AG .one à-∅-gênda he- PRES -go ò-mú -límí ò-mú -néné ò-mú -kâddé ò-mú à-∅-gênda AG-CL1-farmer AG-CL1-fat AG-CL1-old AG.one he-PRES-go The one, old, fat farmer goes. Verbs in
2268-476: The 39 academic organisations permitted to use the title "university". The use of higher education terms (such as "degree") is protected in state legislation, e.g. Higher Education (Qld) Act 2003. According to the laws on higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina the terms "university", "faculty", "academy" and "university of applied sciences" can be used only by accredited educational institutions. Accreditation
2331-588: The German word Universität . Institutions of higher Tertiary education Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα (ΑΕΙ) (universities and technical universities) and Ανώτατα Τεχνολογικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα (ΑΤΕΙ) (technological educational institutes / universities of applied sciences) in Greece are fully self-managed public entities and are the only institutions that can issue university diplomas. Diplomas issued by foreign educational institutions are validated and assessed by
2394-662: The Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (Hellenic NARIC). It is illegal under Hong Kong laws chapter 320 Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance section 8 to call an organisation a "university" without approval from the Chief Executive in Council. Under Hong Kong laws chapter 200 Crimes Ordinance section 73, anyone who knowingly uses false documents with the intention of inducing somebody to accept them as genuine
2457-572: The Institutes of Technologies Acts (1992–2006) to use the term "institute of technology" or "regional technology college" without permission. All public and private universities and higher education institutions must be established, or specifically recognized, by decree of the Italian Minister of Education, University and Research ; any other institution or organization is therefore not recognized and unaccredited. Under Article 135 of
2520-459: The Ministry of Education. A new regulation forbids any new university or college from being named "national", "of China" or similar names. As of May 2015 , China has 210 diploma mills. Most universities and colleges are public institutions; universities are self-governing, but financed by the state. However, some schools, like Det Nodvendige Seminarium in Tvind provide a degree program that
2583-709: The National Framework of Qualifications. This framework was established by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland in accordance with the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act (1999). It is illegal under the Universities Act (1997) for any body offering higher education services to use the term "university" without the permission of the Minister for Education and Science. It is likewise illegal under
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2646-697: The School Education Act, all universities and post-secondary education institutes in Japan require a government-issued licence from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Operating such an institute without a licence from MEXT can result in a fine of ¥100,000 for each offence committed. In addition, the National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education (NIAD-QE) has
2709-613: The United States may model their websites after real accrediting agencies overseen by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Another typical ploy is for mills to claim to be internationally recognized by organizations such as UNESCO . UNESCO has no authority to recognize or accredit higher education institutions or agencies, and has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation. Some diploma and degree mills have played
2772-458: The Universities Act. Other than universities proper, technical universities (known in Finland as AMK, ammattikorkeakoulu ), officially called "Universities of Applied Sciences" in English, can be established with permission from the cabinet . The degrees are protected by law. The list of AMKs can be viewed from the Ministry of Education website. For purposes of professional qualification,
2835-3109: The Will Rogers Archway McDonaldland Oldest McDonald's restaurant PlayPlace Ronald McDonald Ronald McDonald House Charities World's Largest Entertainment McDonald's eCrew Development Program Ice cream machine Products Beef Big Mac Big N' Tasty Deluxe line Kiwiburger Quarter Pounder (McRoyal) McDouble McKroket Chicken Chicken McNuggets McChicken Snack Wrap Other McDonald's french fries BTS Meal Filet-O-Fish Georgie Pie Happy Meal McArabia McFlurry McGriddles McMuffin McPlant McRib McVegan McVeggie Premium line Shamrock Shake Grimace Shake Former Arch Deluxe Buttermilk Crispy Tenders Fruit and Walnut Salad McAfrika Advertising Campaigns Changeables Donald Land Global Gladiators Golden Arches Mac Tonight McDonald's Monopoly McDonald's Treasure Land Adventure M.C. Kids McKids Teenie Beanies The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald Grimace's Birthday Sponsorships Bubba Wallace ( NASCAR ) Graham Rahal ( IndyCar Series ) McDonald's 1984 Olympics promotion McDonald's All-American Game McDonald's Championship McDonald's Championship (golf) McDonald's Cycle Center McDonald's Gospelfest McDonald's Super Smash McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium Related Burger wars Dreaming in Mono Fast food advertising Mac and Me (1988 film) McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) " Stop it. Get some help. " Supersize Branches Canada France Israel New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Russia ( Vkusno i tochka ) Arcos Dorados Holdings Westlife Foodworld (India) Criticism Fast Food Nation ( film ) McDonaldization McDonald's Video Game McDonald's and unions McJob McRefugee McLibel Maxime, McDuff & McDo Super Size Me Don't Eat This Book Legal cases Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants Magee v. McDonald's McDonald's Restaurants v. Morris & Steel Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions Inc. v. McDonald's Corp. Related Attacks San Ysidro McDonald's massacre (1984) Taiwan McDonald's bombings (1992) Sydney River McDonald's murders (1992) Murder of Wu Shuoyan (2014) Munich shooting (2016) Magnificent Mile shooting (2022) McDelivery Big Mac Index McDonald's Young Entertainers McWords " Seriously McDonalds " Statue of
2898-458: The basis of these claims. Similar to tax havens , diploma mills frequently employ jurisdiction shopping , operating in another country or legal jurisdiction where running diploma mills is legal, standards are lax or prosecution is unlikely. Splitting the business across jurisdictions can be a way to avoid authorities. A school might operate in one jurisdiction but use a mailing address in a different jurisdiction, for example. Author John Bear ,
2961-790: The beginning of an action. The prefix er- is also used to form verbs from adjectives (e.g. erkalten is equivalent to kalt werden which means "to get cold"). Degree mill A diploma mill or degree mill is a business that sells illegitimate diplomas or academic degrees , respectively. The term diploma mill is also used pejoratively to describe any educational institution with low standards for admission and graduation, low career placement rate, or low average starting salaries of its graduates. The degrees can be fabricated, falsified, or misrepresented. These businesses may claim to give credit for relevant life experience but without actual prior learning assessment programs. They may also claim to evaluate work history or require submission of
3024-413: The degree which is awarded. In other cases professors may serve only to write compliments to the student that can be given as references. Since diploma mills provide little in the way of teaching, there is usually no need for teaching facilities. The school tends to have no library, personnel, publications or research. In short, very little that is tangible can be found about the institution. If teaching
3087-411: The diplomas to claim academic credentials for use in securing employment. For example, a schoolteacher might buy a degree from a diploma mill in order to advance to superintendent . Degrees from a diploma mill can be obtained within a few days, weeks or months from the time of enrollment, and back-dating is possible. Academic credit may be offered for "life experience," a point often featured heavily in
3150-455: The forming of the past participle of verbs; ver- has an emphatic function, or it is used to turn a substantive or an adjective into a verb. In some cases, the prefix particle ent- (negation) can be considered the opposite of particle be- , while er- can be considered the opposite of ver- . The prefix er- usually indicates the successful completion of an action, and sometimes the conclusion means death. With fewer verbs, it indicates
3213-550: The industry to misrepresent their business license as indicating government approval of the institution. Promotional materials may use words denoting a legal status such as "licensed", "state authorized", or "state-approved" to suggest an equivalence to accreditation. Some advertise other indicators of authenticity that are not relevant to academic credentials. For example, the University of Northern Washington advertises that its degrees are "attested and sealed for authenticity by
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#17328012703643276-625: The institution, students may be required to purchase textbooks, take tests, and submit homework, but degrees are commonly conferred after little or no study. Instead of " hard sciences ", where competence is easier to verify, the subjects offered by a diploma mill are often esoteric and may be based on a pseudoscience like astrology or naturopathy . Such subjects are only vaguely defined, making external verification of educational standards difficult. Degree mills typically offer little or no interaction with professors. Even if comments and corrections to coursework are given, they may have no bearing on
3339-412: The jurisdiction of provincial and territorial governments. Many of the public universities are established by provincial legislation which also confers degree granting authority upon the institution. However, private postsecondary institutions are also required to comply with applicable legislation in order to confer degrees and diplomas. Provincial or regional quality assurance bodies oversee education at
3402-516: The names of legitimate universities, apparently to take advantage of the United Kingdom's reputation for educational quality in other parts of the world. Some examples of British-sounding names used by diploma mills are "Shaftesbury University", "University of Dunham", "Redding University", and "Suffield University". The school's website may well not have an .edu domain, or other country-specific equivalent, since registration of such names
3465-427: The other hand, expresses union or togetherness, but only in a closed group of words—it cannot simply be added to any noun or adjective. Verbal prefixes commonly in use are be- , ent- , er- , ge- , miss- , ver- , and zer- (see also Separable verb ). be- expresses strengthening or generalization. ent- expresses negation. ge- indicates the completion of an action, which is why its most common use has become
3528-461: The prefix pre- (meaning "before"), both of which are derived from Latin roots . This is a fairly comprehensive, although not exhaustive, list of derivational prefixes in English. Depending on precisely how one defines a derivational prefix, some of the neoclassical combining forms may or may not qualify for inclusion in such a list. This list takes the broad view that acro- and auto- count as English derivational prefixes because they function
3591-407: The process by which a society takes on the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. McDojo – A martial arts school (dojo) seen as sacrificing pedagogic principles in favor of offering rapid advancement through the various ranks, often requiring a fee to be paid to achieve a higher rank (often denoted by a colored belt, hence the use of another pejorative name, "belt factory", analogous to
3654-477: The relevant government minister, the Minister for Education (as of May 2010 ). The corporate regulator Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) places strict controls on corporations wishing to use the term "university" and if the applicant does not intend to provide education services the name must not imply a connection with an existing university. The Corporations Regulations 2001 lists
3717-556: The same style in the same area. McMindfulness – A term coined by Ron Purser debunking the " mindfulness revolution". McOndo – A Latin American literary movement. The name is a spoof on the fictional village of Macondo . McPaper (or McNews) – A newspaper that is considered manufactured and "for the masses" because of its simplistic prose style and flashy use of colors. Typically used in reference to USA Today . McRefugee – people who stay overnight in
3780-459: The same time. Promotional literature might contain grammatical and spelling errors, words in Latin, extravagant or pretentious language, and sample diplomas. Some schools' websites may look amateurish or unprofessional, although other diploma mills use appealing websites. Degrees and diplomas issued by diploma mills have been used to obtain employment, raises, or clients. Even if issuing or receiving
3843-399: The same way like that of prefixes such as over- and self- do. As for numeral prefixes , only the most common members of that class are included here. There is a large separate table covering them all at Numeral prefix > Table of number prefixes in English . binomial , "two terms" dipole , "two poles" The choice between hyphenation or solid styling for prefixes in English
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#17328012703643906-405: The selling points of the institution. This should not be confused with legitimate programs offering recognition of prior learning , which allow students to gain academic credit based on past training, experience or independent study. This will usually require a test that the student can fail; in most cases, a diploma mill will grant the degree regardless of results. Tuition and fees are charged on
3969-403: The use of foreign degree qualifications is regulated: if the name of a degree can be confused with a Finnish degree that requires more academic credit, the confusion must be eliminated. Several diploma mills have operated in Finland, and countermeasures in university admissions have become necessary. There are no laws against conferring unaccredited degrees or degrees accredited abroad, as long as
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