44-512: Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (MetService) ( Māori : Te Ratonga Tirorangi , lit. 'Satellite Service') is the national meteorological service of New Zealand . MetService was established as a state-owned enterprise in 1992. It employs about 300 staff, and its headquarters are in Wellington , New Zealand. Prior to becoming a state-owned enterprise, New Zealand's national meteorological service has existed in
88-407: A database of words and their translations. Later attempts utilized common phrases , which resulted in better grammatical structure and the capture of idioms, but with many words left in the original language. For translating synthetic languages , a morphosyntactic analyzer and synthesizer are required. The best systems today use a combination of the above technologies and apply algorithms to correct
132-473: A great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse but also be error-free. Charles Singleton's 1975 translation of the Divine Comedy is regarded as a prose translation. The term literal translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to (or
176-410: A horizontal spacing between grid points of 12 km, which allows weather features down to about 50 km wide to be represented (highs and lows are thousands of kilometres wide). This domain is nested within a much larger domain of 60 km grid spacing, which enables the weather to be modelled over quite a large geographical area for reasonable computational cost. Forecasts and warnings funded by
220-414: A joke which dates back to 1956 or 1958. Another joke in the genre transforms "out of sight, out of mind" to "blind idiot" or "invisible idiot". Department of Conservation (New Zealand) The Department of Conservation ( DOC ; Māori : Te Papa Atawhai ) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage. An advisory body,
264-456: A literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante 's Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of several Russian novels. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however,
308-632: A more connected weather forecasting system that allows a better integration between climate science, forecasting, hydrology, and coastal hazards." The world's national meteorological and hydrological services work with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a specialised agency of the United Nations. As part of the WMO World Weather Watch , MetService sends observational data gathered from
352-555: A new "super ministry", the Ministry of Transport . During the 1980s there was increasing pressure on government funding for meteorology in New Zealand, together with a government-wide move to "user-pays" for specialised services, and to more autonomy and accountability for government departments. A combination of commercial competition in the deregulated market for meteorological services and reform of publicly funded science led to
396-518: A new headquarters, Conservation House, on Manners Street, Wellington in 2006. It is the first green building in New Zealand to be given a 5-star rating, having won numerous environmental awards, including a top 10 placing by Grist Magazine . The site was originally a cinema complex operated by the Hoyts Group from the mid-1980s until the early 2000s, when it closed down in the face of stiff competition. New Zealand has 13 national parks , and
440-536: A number of forms since the appointment of the country's first Director of Meteorological Stations in August 1861. As New Zealand's national meteorological service, MetService produces and issues forecasts and official weather warnings on behalf of New Zealand's Ministry of Transport and is certified by the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand . International media, aviation and energy business
484-548: A sa voiture et sa voiture, ses serviettes et ses serviettes, sa bibliothèque et les siennes. " That does not make sense because it does not distinguish between "his" car and "hers". Often, first-generation immigrants create something of a literal translation in how they speak their parents' native language. This results in a mix of the two languages that is something of a pidgin . Many such mixes have specific names, e.g., Spanglish or Denglisch . For example, American children of German immigrants are heard using "rockingstool" from
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#1732791087163528-404: A serious problem for machine translation . The term "literal translation" often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of the classical Bible and other texts. Word-for-word translations ("cribs", "ponies", or "trots") are sometimes prepared for writers who are translating a work written in a language they do not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used
572-618: A significant drop in possum populations during the last decades. The DOC was floated as the agency to supervise the construction of the proposed New Zealand Cycleway , though this is now being managed primarily by the Ministry of Tourism, in coordination with the DOC where appropriate. After a number of years of falling budgets, in 2013 the department announced it would be slashing 140 jobs and narrowing its 11-region structure into six. As part of New Zealand's programme of economic recovery post
616-619: A wave of distributed denial of service attacks that also targeted the New Zealand Exchange , Stuff , Radio New Zealand and Westpac bank. In 1992, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) was spun off from the MetService to become a separate Crown entity focusing on long-term weather patterns and climate change. Following the separation of the two organisations, MetService remained
660-651: A wide number of other conservation lands with varying levels of environmental protection, called the "conservation estate" in total. About one third of this estate, generally the land considered most valuable, has been protected from mining since 1997 via being listed in Schedule 4 of the Crown Minerals Act 1991 (though recent (2010) moves by the Fifth National Government have proposed exemption some areas from Schedule 4). While much of
704-456: Is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory , another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter ). Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms , which can be
748-632: Is conducted under the MetraWeather brand. MetService has been certified to the ISO 9001 standard since November 1995. The weather forecasting service began in 1861, when a spate of shipwrecks prompted the Government to start a storm warning service as part of the then Marine Department . Forecasting remained a marine service until 1926, when it became part of the newly formed Department of Scientific and Industrial Research . In 1927 Edward Kidson
792-511: Is the current permanent representative of New Zealand with the WMO. MetraWeather (Australia) Pty Ltd, MetraWeather (UK) Ltd and MetraWeather (Thailand) Ltd are wholly owned subsidiaries of Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited, providing weather intelligence and information presentation products and services globally under the MetraWeather brand to: The cooperative relationship among
836-632: Is unable to) convey correct idioms or shades of meaning, for example, but it can also be a useful way of seeing how words are used to convey meaning in the source language. A literal English translation of the German phrase " Ich habe Hunger " would be "I have hunger" in English, but this is clearly not a phrase that would generally be used in English, even though its meaning might be clear. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in
880-462: The Department of Conservation 's purchase of NIWA's forecasts for use in its parks, claiming it was "inappropriate for public service" due to its reliance on automated forecasts without intervention from professional meteorologists. MetService has a contract with the Ministry of Transport to provide weather forecasts. Following several extreme weather events in 2023, the Government commissioned
924-832: The Department of Lands and Survey , the Forest Service and the Wildlife Service . This act also set out the majority of the department's responsibilities and roles. As a consequence of Conservation Act all Crown land in New Zealand designated for conservation and protection became managed by the Department of Conservation. This is about 30% of New Zealand's land area or about 8 million hectares of native forests, tussocklands, alpine areas, wetlands, dunelands, estuaries, lakes and islands, national forests, maritime parks, marine reserves, nearly 4000 reserves, river margins, some coastline, and many offshore islands. All of
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#1732791087163968-854: The Nature Heritage Fund , and is responsible for supporting rural fire control by acting under the direction of Fire and Emergency New Zealand when a fire occurs on land it manages. Up until June 2017, DOC was the designated fire authority for all land under its control. In addition to its work managing land and providing for recreation in New Zealand, DOC works to preserve its natural heritage . This includes preservation of historic sites on public conservation land, saving native threatened species , managing threats like pests and weeds , environmental restoration , caring for marine life, and assisting landowners to effectively preserve natural heritage. The methods of achieving these goals have resulted in controversy, where some people claim that
1012-563: The New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers. In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public. The department was formed on 1 April 1987, as one of several reforms of the public service, when the Conservation Act 1987 was passed to integrate some functions of
1056-535: The "natural" sound of the translation. In the end, though, professional translation firms that employ machine translation use it as a tool to create a rough translation that is then tweaked by a human, professional translator. Douglas Hofstadter gave an example of a failure of machine translation: the English sentence "In their house, everything comes in pairs. There's his car and her car, his towels and her towels, and his library and hers." might be translated into French as " Dans leur maison, tout vient en paires. Il y
1100-436: The Department of Conservation is overly biased towards environmentalists at the expense of New Zealand's economy. This is particularly a concern amongst some farmers and other industries that are major users of neighbouring land, many of whom have been affected by decisions of the department. However, these criticised DOC efforts have also been lauded for achieving some success, for both conservationists and farmers, having led to
1144-435: The German word Schaukelstuhl instead of "rocking chair". Literal translation of idioms is a source of translators' jokes. One such joke, often told about machine translation , translates "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak" (an allusion to Mark 14:38 ) into Russian and then back into English, getting "The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten". This is not an actual machine-translation error, but rather
1188-637: The New Zealand government include: MetService maintains close links with the meteorological agencies of various Pacific Island states. All warnings of hazardous weather for the South Pacific region, normally received from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji , are forwarded to Radio New Zealand International and to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. MetService provides backup for
1232-459: The New Zealand region to other WMO member countries around the world. This is used as input to computer models of the weather at the world's major numerical weather prediction centres. MetService operates a data collection network within New Zealand. It complies with recognised international standards as prescribed by the WMO over and around New Zealand. In particular, data are collected through: Norm Henry, General Manager of Science and Strategy,
1276-507: The Sapere research group to explore how the two metereological services could combine their capabilities. In late September 2024, Science, Innovation and Technology Minister, Judith Collins announced that NIWA would be acquiring MetService in order to streamline weather forecasting services and give easier access to weather information from one source. Metservice issued a statement welcoming the merger, stating "we see this as an opportunity to have
1320-510: The conservation land not protected as national parks or Schedule 4 land is much more damaged or human-modified than the core conservation areas, these areas serve as boundary and species buffer zones. In 1995, 14 people died when a viewing platform maintained by the Department of Conservation collapsed. Immediately following the tragedy, all of the department's 106 viewing platforms throughout New Zealand were checked. Fifteen platforms were closed for repairs. A Commission of Inquiry that followed
1364-465: The department. In March 2006, a volcanic eruption at the Green Lake of Raoul Island , administered by the Department of Conservation, was believed to have killed DOC worker Mark Kearney. At the exact time of the eruption, Kearney is thought to have been taking temperature measurements of the lake as part of a programme for monitoring volcanic activity. Five other DOC workers, who were also living on
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1408-798: The environment. As of June 2023 the project, entitled " Jobs For Nature ", has employed 4,694 individuals over 193 projects. The programme's investment is estimated to be worth approximately NZ$ 1.19Billion, with the projects undertaken focused on providing temporary employment as well benefit the environment, people, and regional New Zealand. In April 2024, the department proposed slashing 130 roles as part of efforts to meet Government budget spending cut targets of 6.5%. In addition, DOC must also find NZ$ 7.2 million to meet cost operating pressures. The proposed job cuts include 24 "Biodiversity, Heritage & Visitors" roles, 22 Policy & Regulatory services roles, 18 public affairs roles and 54 Regional Operations support roles. The Department of Conservation moved into
1452-533: The establishment of MetService as a state-owned enterprise on 1 July 1992. In 2013, MetService invested in a 49% shareholding in MetOcean Solutions Limited, a New Zealand oceanographic services company. MetOcean was an established company specialising in oceanographic analysis for research and forecasting for many purposes, including ports, offshore oil & gas industries and surfers. In early September 2020, MetService's website came under
1496-442: The government for the department's situation, and Denis Marshall , the presiding Minister of Conservation at the time, eventually resigned over the incident. Since the inquiry, radical changes have been made to the department's procedures to prioritise safety, including the implementation of a comprehensive asset management system to catalogue, track and trigger regular inspections of all significant structures and facilities managed by
1540-437: The land under its control is protected for either conservation, ecological, scenic, scientific , historic or cultural reasons, and for recreation. Providing for recreation is a major part of its core work, and this covers the management of family picnic sites, as well as maintaining rugged backcountry tracks and over 1000 accompanying backcountry huts that are used by hunters and recreational trampers. DOC also administers
1584-442: The local geography, which tends to be poorly represented in the global models. An effective way of dealing with this problem is to use another type of NWP model known as a limited-area model . MetService routinely runs a number of limited-area models based on both MM5 and WRF with lateral boundary conditions provided by each of the available global models. The primary model configuration for regional forecasting in New Zealand has
1628-566: The main warning and forecasting responsibilities of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji, should that centre temporarily shut down or be cut off, possibly due to a direct hit by a cyclone. They also take over Primary warning responsibility should a cyclone move to the south of 25S. Literal translation Literal translation , direct translation , or word-for-word translation
1672-485: The official weather forecasting authority. Over the next 32 years, the two entities clashed over access to books in the old MetService library and the accuracy of their weather reports. In January 2007, the New Zealand Government brought a mediator to repair relations between the MetService and NIWA. In 2009, the two organisations signed a memorandum of understanding to work more closely together. However,
1716-515: The peak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the following economic downturn DOC is working alongside the Ministry for the Environment, Department of Conservation, Ministry for Primary Industries, Land Information New Zealand and Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment to fund a number of temporary projects with the objective of creating jobs and assisting New Zealand's efforts to further protect
1760-534: The target language (a process also known as "loan translation") are called calques , e.g., beer garden from German Biergarten . The literal translation of the Italian sentence, " So che questo non va bene " ("I know that this is not good"), produces "(I) know that this not (it) goes well", which has English words and Italian grammar . Early machine translations (as of 1962 at least) were notorious for this type of translation, as they simply employed
1804-405: The tragedy revealed that the department had acted illegally and negligently in constructing the viewing platform. The commission also stated that the department was seriously underfunded for the tasks with which it was delegated, resulting in a culture of sub-standard safety procedures having been used for the building and maintenance of some of its facilities. Many people in New Zealand criticised
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1848-493: The two organisations continued to clash over the accuracy of their weather reports. In 2020, MetService chief executive Peter Lennox told Parliament that they have more weather models and meteorologists and produced more detailed forecast than NIWA. In 2021, Private weather forecaster WeatherWatch commented that it is "bizarre" the government is funding two weather forecasters and compared it to "Fire Service getting into Police Speeding Infringements". In 2022, MetService objected to
1892-654: The world's national meteorological services enables the sharing of much weather information, including the output from global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Meteorologists at MetService routinely use information from the world's major modelling centres for day-to-day production of forecasts and weather warnings. The global models that MetService uses generally provide reliable forecasts of weather features, like highs and lows , over forecast periods of several days; however, they are less effective at predicting small-scale weather features like sea breezes and localised showers. Such features are often strongly affected by
1936-627: Was appointed Dominion Meteorologist by Earnest Marsden . At the time the New Zealand Meteorological Service was a very small institution with a staff of five and a complete lack of useful long-period meteorological records. At the outbreak of World War Two in 1939, forecasting became part of the Royal New Zealand Air Force . The focus on aviation continued with a move in 1964 to the then Department of Civil Aviation, which in 1968 became part of
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