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53-514: Mexico City's metropolitan area is the economic, political, and cultural hub of Mexico. In recent years it has reduced its relative importance in domestic manufacturing, but has kept its dominant role in the country’s economy thanks to an expansion of its tertiary activities. The area is also one of the powerhouse regions of Latin America, generating approximately $ 200 billion in GDP growth or 10 percent of

106-490: A "00" hologram sticker. Currently, Mexico City and Mexico State have reciprocal agreements that recognize emissions stickers from the Mexican states of Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Querétaro and Tlaxcala. Additionally, there are restrictions that apply on Saturday. A new restriction that began on July 5, 2008 applies only to locally plated vehicles with a 2 sticker and non-local vehicles that do not have

159-474: A 0 or 00 sticker. Depending on the last digit of one's license plate, vehicles are not permitted to circulate in Mexico City or Mexico State on Saturday between the hours of 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. on one Saturday a month. Example: A vehicle from Illinois has their last digit being a 3. Thus under the rules above from Monday to Friday, they cannot drive between 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. However, on Wednesday, they have

212-690: A 2 sticker. Emergency services, solar or electric vehicles, government and school buses are also exempt. There is under the law a special exemption for vehicles, regardless of model year, for handicapped individuals. This also includes handicapped individuals with handicapped plates not from the Federal District or the State of Mexico. Diplomatic vehicles are also exempt. Vehicles that are 30 years or older can apply for an auto antiguo (antique) license plate, that exempts them from emissions testing and hoy no circula restrictions. This requires an inspection of

265-400: A car's pollutant emissions are analyzed every six months. A sticker is affixed to each vehicle following an emissions test, indicating whether a vehicle is exempt from the program or not. Based on the result of their emissions test, vehicles are assigned to four classes. Class "00" (for certain new vehicles that exempt from emissions testing for up to 2, 4 or 6 years depending on gas mileage and

318-474: A decrease in the number of environmental contingencies since the 1990s from more than 5 to only one or zero a year. This is due, among other reasons, to the development of one of the most developed air quality surveillance systems in the region, and to the implementation of industrial controls and to the relocation of some factories. Like it is the case with all trans-municipal metropolitan areas in Mexico , there

371-421: A vehicle must be of a model year not more than 8 years old and must pass emissions-testing in Mexico City. If the vehicle passes and receives a "0" or "00" hologram sticker (the "00" sticker is for new automobiles), it will be allowed to travel freely though Mexico City and Mexico State, even in the case of an environmental contingency. Like locally plated vehicles, it must continue to be tested every 6 months until

424-664: A voluntary emissions test with this special pass. However, one can only receive this pass if one's vehicle is a 2008 model year or newer, http://www.paseturistico.cdmx.gob.mx/pasetur/ . During part of early December to early January, Mexico City and Mexico State participate in a special program with the federal government called the Programa Paisano. One part of this program permits, without any special pass, for foreign-plated vehicles regardless of model year (those with plates from other than states in Mexico) to pass freely through

477-450: Is based on the last digit of their license plate. There are other restrictions that are applicable to non-local vehicles and foreigners, which are presented in the remainder of this article. The hours of the program are from 5 A.M. to 10 P.M. Emissions testing is conducted every 6 months. The "Hoy no Circula" program was started in late 1989, and consisted of prohibiting the circulation of 20% of vehicles from Monday to Friday depending on

530-501: Is no elected government institution in charge of administering the entire metropolitan area. Each municipality is autonomous to administer its local affairs, regulated by the government of the states they belong to. However, unlike some other large metropolitan areas that are entirely contained in one state, like Greater Guadalajara and Greater Monterrey in which the state government coordinates metropolitan activities, Greater Mexico City spreads over three federal entities —two states and

583-655: Is no longer designated as a Federal District and became a city, a member entity of the Mexican federation, seat of the Powers of the Union and the capital of Mexico. Mexico City is divided in 16 boroughs , officially called demarcaciones territoriales , substituting the old delegaciones . According to the latest definition by the National Population Council (CONAPO) in 2018, the Metropolitan area of

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636-461: Is relatively recent, starting in the 1940s. Mexico City became the first metropolitan area in the country when its urban core spread beyond the borders of the Federal District into the municipality of Naucalpan in the State of Mexico . From that date, there have been different proposals to establish the limits of the growing conurbation of Mexico City, and different definitions were used unofficially as

689-433: Is voluntary) or is no longer eligible for a "0" or "00" hologram sticker, they are subject to a set of rules separate from those of locally plated vehicles. The first restriction, is a prohibition on operation from 5 a.m. to 11 a.m., Monday through Friday. The second restriction is like that of locally plated vehicles—prohibition on operation from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. on one of the five days from Monday through Friday, depending on

742-586: The IMECA ( Índice Metropolitano de la Calidad del Aire , "Metropolitan Index of Air Quality") a real-time monitoring of the concentrations of several pollutants on the atmosphere of the valley of Mexico. If the IMECA values reach a critical level, an environmental contingency is declared whereby Hoy No Circula is extended to two days per week, industrial activities are reduced, certain gas power plants shut down, and elementary school entry hours are changed. There has been

795-592: The air quality of Mexico City . A similar coordinated program operates within the State of México , which surrounds Mexico City on three sides. Mexico City and Mexico State have reciprocal agreements with surrounding states that also have emissions testing programs to permit their residents to travel freely without restriction. The restriction does not apply to vehicles that have other than 0 or 00 sticker (permits driving every day without restriction) and are plated in Mexico City, Mexico State and surrounding states that have an agreement with Mexico City and Mexico State. It

848-631: The 16 boroughs of Mexico City and 59 municipalities in the State of Mexico and Hidalgo as the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. This definition was also agreed by the government of Mexico City and the government of the State of Mexico on December 22, 2005. As per the agreement, most urban planning projects were to be administered by Metropolitan Commissions. As a result of the Political Reforms enacted in 2016, Mexico City

901-715: The 50,000 industries operating in Greater Mexico City and the 4 million vehicles circulating in its roads and highways. There are several environmental programs in operation in all municipalities of Greater Mexico City. One of them is Hoy No Circula (known in English as "One Day without a Car"), whereby some vehicles with certain ending numbers on their license plates are not allowed to circulate on certain days in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. The program groups vehicles by their ending license plate digits and every weekday vehicles having any of

954-569: The Americas North America-related lists Lists of cities by population Hidden categories: CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Hoy No Circula Hoy No Circula (literally in Spanish : "today [your car] does not circulate", known as No-drive days ) is the name of an environmental program intended to improve

1007-558: The Class 00 program. No foreign plated vehicle or vehicle from a state other than the State of Mexico or Mexico City is eligible to receive a 2 sticker per Class 2 regulations. Those vehicles must obey the hoy no circula program. If a Mexican vehicle's property tax (known in Spanish as tenencia ) is not paid, or lapses, the vehicle will not be permitted to have the obligatory emissions testing performed. Such vehicles are then not allowed on

1060-535: The Mexico city and therefore most of the metropolitan projects have to be agreed upon by government officials of each federal entity and/or overseen by the federal government—since the budget of the Federal District is approved by the Congress of the Union , being the capital of the federation—or through metropolitan commissions. (trillion MXN) (billion USD) From 1940 and until 1980, Greater Mexico City experienced an intense rate of demographic growth concurrent with

1113-401: The Valley of Mexico is formed by the following subdivisions: Greater Mexico City spreads over the valley of Mexico , also called the valley of Anáhuac, a 9,560 km (3,691 sq mi) valley that lies at an average of 2,240 m (7,349 ft) above sea level. Originally, a system of interconnected lakes occupied a large area of the valley, of which Lake Texcoco was the largest. Mexico City

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1166-460: The additional restriction that they cannot drive between 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. And on the third Saturday of the month they cannot circulate between 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. The only way they can get around this is to obtain a 0 or 00 sticker should their vehicle be 8 years old or newer. Example: A vehicle from Mexico City has a 2 sticker and the last digit of their license plate is a 3. Thus under the rules they cannot drive on Wednesday from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. and

1219-875: The amount of emissions they put out, the local environmental authorities keep a list of which vehicles are eligible). For 2008, this includes certain 2009, 2008 and 2007 model year vehicles. Class "0" (generally, cars less than 9 years old and meeting more stringent emissions requirements) are exempt from the Hoy no Circula program. Class "1" vehicles are subject to the Hoy no Circula program. Class "1" vehicles as of 2008 are now grouped under Class "2" vehicles. Class "2" vehicles (including all pre-1991 passenger cars) meet weaker emissions requirements, but are subject to both Hoy no Circula and an environmental contingency program. Class 2 vehicles also include all vehicles that are older than 8 years old and that do not have an extension as permitted under

1272-416: The area with the highest population density. According to the 2020 Population Census , 21,804,515 persons lived in this metropolitan area, of which 9,209,944 live in Mexico City proper. Approximately 72% (12.2 million) of the State of México's population live in municipalities that are part of Greater Mexico City's conurbation. Greater Mexico City was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the country until

1325-534: The city continued to grow: between 1950 and 1980, the conurbation extended to dozens of municipalities in the State of Mexico and the population trebled. The first official definition of Greater Mexico City was coined in 2004. A joint effort between the National Population Council (CONAPO), the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and the Ministry of Social Development (SEDESOL) named

1378-522: The concept of a single urban core and its immediate surroundings, as opposed to polycentric conurbations . These definitions vary from country to country. For example, for U.S. cities, the list uses Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the United States Census Bureau , and for Canadian cities the list uses Census Metropolitan Areas as defined by Statistics Canada . Havana has no official definition of its metropolitan area;

1431-593: The day's two Hoy no circula digits are banned from circulating. For instance, on Fridays, vehicles with plates ending in 9 or 0 may not drive. This program is controversial since it has resulted in households buying additional vehicles: new cars for higher-income families, or very old and cheap —and thus more polluting— vehicles. Moreover, newer vehicles are exempt from complying with the program—in that they are manufactured with stricter pollution-reduction equipment—a move said to have been pushed by automakers to boost sales of new vehicles. Other environmental programs include

1484-411: The economic policy of import substitution . Mexican industrial production was heavily centralized in Greater Mexico City during this period which produced intense immigration to the city. Close to 52% of the economically active population of Greater Mexico City worked in the industry sector in 1970. This situation changed drastically during the period of 1980 to 2000, in which the economic based shifted to

1537-600: The floating gardens of Xochimilco , the Pre-Hispanic city ruins Teotihuacan , located at the municipality of the same name, all three declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 1987. The National Parks at the southern portion of the Federal District (over the mountainous range of Ajusco ), the Parks of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl and the National Reserve of Lake Texcoco are some environmental landmarks of

1590-474: The last digit of the license plate. Since July 1, 2014, foreign plated vehicles are prohibited from operating on Saturdays. Example: The last license-plate digit of a vehicle from Illinois is 3. From Monday to Friday, it may not be driven between 5 a.m. and 11 a.m. On Wednesday, it may not be driven between 5 a.m. and 10 p.m. Automobiles registered in the states of Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Querétaro and Tlaxcala are not eligible for

1643-490: The last digit of their license plates . The program was planned to apply only during the winter, when air pollution is at its worst. Winter follows the rainy season when thermal inversion , an atmospheric condition which traps smog and pollution close to the ground, increases air pollution noticeably. The program was made permanent at the end of the 1990 winter season. Hoy No Circula is coupled with an exhaust monitoring program, known as verificación in Spanish, whereby

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1696-402: The late 1980s. Since then, and through a policy of decentralization in order to reduce the environmental pollutants of the growing conurbation, the annual rate of growth of the agglomeration has decreased, and it is among the lowest of all metropolitan areas in Mexico. The net migration rate of Mexico City proper from 1995 to 2000, however, was negative, which implies that residents are moving to

1749-490: The levels of ozone and particulate matter in the air, which are measured hourly. If one has a vehicle that is from a Mexican state or foreign country without a reciprocity agreement with either Mexico City or Mexico State, one can obtain a tourist pass known as Pase Turístico, that allows one to drive in Mexico City and Mexico State for up to 2 weeks and be exempt from the Hoy No Circula program. One does not need to do

1802-524: The local authorities will permit, depending on environmental conditions, for any vehicle to circulate without restriction. This is usually noted through local media. Foreign-plated automobiles (e.g., from Belize, Canada, Guatemala and the United States) and those from Mexican states that do not have a reciprocal agreement with Mexico City and the State of Mexico are subject to the vehicle restriction regulations. To be exempted from driving restrictions,

1855-410: The national Top 10. Most metropolitan municipalities in the State of Mexico have a high human development index. Huixquilucan has the highest value with a 0.842 index, the highest in the whole state. Other municipalities with a high index are Coacalco , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Cuautitlán , Texcoco , Tlalnepantla de Baz and Atizapán de Zaragoza . Even though some of these municipalities have some of

1908-414: The north, trapping all exhaust emissions of the city. At the southern part of the basin the mountain range reaches an altitude of 3,952 m (12,965 ft) above sea level; and to the east, the volcanoes reach an altitude of more than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The region receives anti-cyclonic systems, producing weak winds that do not allow for the dispersion of accumulated air pollutants, produced by

1961-580: The original (PDF) on 2012-10-21 . Retrieved 2012-09-27 . ^ Macrotrends Metro Area Estimate 2024 ^ In 2005, Guatemala City's metropolitan area was defined by its government as consisting of the municipalities of Amatitlán , Chinautla , Guatemala City proper, Mixco , San Miguel Petapa , Santa Catarina Pinula , Villa Canales and Villa Nueva . ^ "Mars 2015 Population Totale, Population de 18 Ans et Plus Menages et Densites Estimes En 2015" (PDF) . Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI). Archived from

2014-1701: The original (PDF) on 6 November 2015 . Retrieved 19 February 2015 . ^ Demographia World Urban Areas 17th Annual Edition: 202106 ^ "Población total por color de la piel según provincias y municipios" (PDF) . 2012 Official Census . Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2013. v t e World's largest cities City proper Capitals Africa Americas North Latin Central South Asia Arab world Arabia ASEAN East, South and Southeast Asia Europe Baltic European Union Nordic Metropolitan area Americas ( North South West Indies ) Europe ( European Union ) Asia Africa Middle East Oceania Urban area / agglomeration Asia Africa Europe European Union Nordic North America Oceania Transborder Historical World Europe Related articles Arcology Ecumenopolis Global city Megacity Megalopolis Conurbation Satellite city population Primate city Secondary city [REDACTED] Cities portal [REDACTED] World portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_North_American_metropolitan_areas_by_population&oldid=1259022283 " Categories : Metropolitan areas of North America Lists of metropolitan areas in

2067-791: The original on June 29, 2022 . Retrieved September 20, 2024 . ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 2024-11-20 . ^ "Mexico: Metropolitan Areas" . Retrieved September 20, 2024 . ^ "Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2021 boundaries" . ^ "Informe básico XCPV" . Retrieved 1 February 2024 . ^ "X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda 2011: Resultados Generales" [10th National Population Census and 6th Housing Census 2011: General Results] (PDF) . Archived from

2120-443: The outer suburbs of the metropolitan area, or to other states of Mexico. In addition, some inner-city suburbs in Mexico City are losing population to outer city suburbs, indicating a continual expansion of Greater Mexico City. The Mexico City boroughs are among the subdivisions with the highest human development in Mexico. Benito Juárez has the highest index (0.944), similar to Australia or Netherlands, while 4 other boroughs are in

2173-7107: The population within its city limits is given instead. Metropolitan area Country Population Year Notes Mexico City [REDACTED]   Mexico 21,804,515 2020 New York [REDACTED]   United States 19,563,798 2022 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ Metro Area Los Angeles [REDACTED]   United States 12,870,137 2022 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area Chicago [REDACTED]   United States 9,279,427 2022 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN Metro Area Dallas–Fort Worth [REDACTED]   United States 7,947,439 2022 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metro Area. Dallas-Fort Worth leads all U.S. metro areas in absolute population growth in 2023 Houston [REDACTED]   United States 7,370,464 2022 Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX Metro Area Washington, D.C. [REDACTED]   United States 6,265,891 2022 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area Philadelphia [REDACTED]   United States 6,242,746 2022 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metro Area Atlanta [REDACTED]   United States 6,238,676 2022 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metro Area Toronto [REDACTED]   Canada 6,202,225 2021 Greater Toronto Area Miami [REDACTED]   United States 6,139,812 2022 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area San Diego-Tijuana [REDACTED]   United States [REDACTED]   Mexico 5,453,151 2020 San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metro Area (2020): 3,295,298. Tijuana Metropolitan Area (2020): 2,157,853. Monterrey [REDACTED]   Mexico 5,341,171 2020 Guadalajara [REDACTED]   Mexico 5,286,642 2020 Phoenix [REDACTED]   United States 5,020,870 2022 Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ Metro Area Boston [REDACTED]   United States 4,903,026 2022 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metro Area Detroit-Windsor [REDACTED]   United States [REDACTED]   Canada 4,800,844 2022 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metro Area: 4,348,636. Windsor Census Metropolitan Area, Ontario: 452,208. Inland Empire [REDACTED]   United States 4,669,149 2022 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metro Area San Francisco [REDACTED]   United States 4,578,135 2022 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Metro Area Montréal [REDACTED]   Canada 4,572,177 2023 Montréal Census Metropolitan Area, Québec Santo Domingo [REDACTED]   Dominican Republic 4,274,651 2022 Seattle [REDACTED]   United States 4,032,242 2022 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metro Area Minneapolis–St. Paul [REDACTED]   United States 3,691,666 2022 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metro Area Tampa Bay Area [REDACTED]   United States 3,291,341 2022 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metro Area Puebla [REDACTED]   Mexico 3,199,530 2020 San Jose [REDACTED]   Costa Rica 3,160,000 2021 Guatemala City [REDACTED]   Guatemala 3,160,000 2024 Denver [REDACTED]   United States 2,986,190 2022 Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metro Area Vancouver [REDACTED]   Canada 2,852,203 2022 Vancouver Census Metropolitan Area, British Columbia Does not include Whatcom County . Baltimore [REDACTED]   United States 2,834,813 2022 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area St. Louis [REDACTED]   United States 2,800,245 2022 St. Louis, MO-IL Metro Area. Orlando [REDACTED]   United States 2,763,017 2022 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Metro Area Charlotte [REDACTED]   United States 2,754,657 2022 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metro Area San Antonio [REDACTED]   United States 2,655,928 2022 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX Metro Area Port-au-Prince [REDACTED]   Haiti 2,618,894 2015 Portland [REDACTED]   United States 2,508,928 2022 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metro Area Pittsburgh [REDACTED]   United States 2,432,532 2022 Pittsburgh, PA Metro Area Austin [REDACTED]   United States 2,423,170 2022 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX Metro Area Sacramento [REDACTED]   United States 2,417,259 2022 Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA Metro Area San Salvador [REDACTED]   El Salvador 2,404,097 2022 El Paso–Juárez [REDACTED]   Mexico [REDACTED]   United States 2,384,645 2020 Combined Juárez and El Paso metropolitan areas. Toluca [REDACTED]   Mexico 2,353,924 2020 Las Vegas [REDACTED]   United States 2,322,535 2022 Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV Metro Area Cincinnati [REDACTED]   United States 2,258,625 2022 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metro Area Kansas City [REDACTED]   United States 2,208,782 2022 Kansas City, MO-KS Metro Area Columbus [REDACTED]   United States 2,162,066 2022 Columbus, OH Metro Area Cleveland [REDACTED]   United States 2,160,701 2022 Cleveland, OH Metro Area Havana [REDACTED]   Cuba 2,137,847 2012 Indianapolis [REDACTED]   United States 2,120,661 2022 Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN Metro Area Nashville [REDACTED]   United States 2,071,019 2022 Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN Metro Area References [ edit ] ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL" (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2021-01-26 . ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023" . United States Census Bureau , Population Division. September 20, 2024. Archived from

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2226-422: The recent shifts in economic production and the decentralization of the economic activity promoted by the government, Greater Mexico City's share of total economic activity in the country is still high, though decreasing. Mexico City proper alone produces $ 170 billion or 17% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product , larger than any of the states. Greater Mexico City is the largest metropolitan area in Mexico and

2279-542: The regional total. As of 2020, 21,804,515 people lived in Greater Mexico City, making it the largest metropolitan area in North America . Covering an area of 7,866.1 square kilometres (3,037.1 sq mi), it is surrounded by thin strips of highlands separating it from other adjacent metropolitan areas, together with which it makes up the Mexico City megalopolis . The phenomenon of conurbation in Mexico

2332-429: The road, and their owners are fined if the property tax hologram is absent after the expiration date. Foreign-plated vehicles that test in a voluntary manner are not subject to this requirement. They are not allowed to circulate on the average weekday, down from 20% when the program was launched. As of 2008, only vehicles under 9 years old are allowed to receive the 0 or 00 sticker. Only locally plated vehicles may receive

2385-573: The service sector which in 2000 employed close to 70% of the economically active population in the conurbation. The annual rate of growth decreased sharply as well as the regional and national patterns of immigration: residents are moving out of the core city to the suburbs or to nearby cities, whereas the northern states now receive a larger number of immigrants as new hubs of industrial production. Greater Mexico City's main industries are now related to trade, financial services, insurance companies, telecommunications, informatics and transportation. In spite of

2438-477: The third Saturday of the month from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. Under certain conditions, an environmental contingency is declared. This affects vehicles that do not have a 0 or 00 sticker or are subject to some other exemption. Although rarer in previous years, it is important to check with local authorities and pay attention to local news outlets to understand what restrictions (hours) and to whom it affects. Such restrictions are often changed every 6 months and are related to

2491-535: The valley (and prevents floods). The basin of the valley of Mexico was thus integrated artificially to the Moctezuma river basin which connects to the Pánuco River . The last remnants of the system of lakes are found in the boroughs of Xochimilco and Tláhuac , and in the municipality of Atenco . The valley of Mexico is surrounded by mountains on all four sides creating a basin with only one small opening at

2544-412: The valley as well. 19°25′57.07″N 99°7′59.37″W  /  19.4325194°N 99.1331583°W  / 19.4325194; -99.1331583 List of North American metropolitan areas by population This is a list of the fifty most populous metropolitan areas in North America. Where available, it uses official definitions of metropolitan areas based on

2597-435: The vehicle by local authorities and a large fee to be paid (currently around $ 1000 USD) in order to receive these plates. Motorcycles are currently exempt. However, those traveling by motorcycle through the metropolitan area should keep in mind that traffic laws (unrelated to hoy no circula) prohibit motorcycles to travel on expressways and therefore they must use side roads, streets, avenues, etc. Note that on certain holidays,

2650-429: The vehicle's model year is 9 years old, after which it is subject to the rules described below. A visitor who desires to drive their foreign-plated car in Mexico City may obtain a special two-week pass once every six months if their car was manufactured in or after 1994. The pass must be applied for online before the visit. If a vehicle-owner from outside Mexico City or the State of Mexico chooses not to test (the test

2703-603: The wealthiest neighborhoods of the metropolitan area, there is a huge contrast with peripheric low-income suburbs known as "marginal zones" or "lost cities". Some examples are the wealthy suburb of Tecamachalco next to El Molinito shanty town, both in Naucalpan , or Chamapa next to Bosque Real Country Club in Huixquilucan. Municipalities to the east of Mexico City, such as Nezahualcóyotl , Ecatepec , Valle de Chalco or Chimalhuacán have lower indexes than those located to

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2756-548: The west, but also present high HDI values. The bottom municipalities in terms of HDI are Ecatzingo and Villa del Carbón . However, they are located far away from Mexico City's urban area and are considered eminently rural. Tizayuca has one of the highest HDIs in Hidalgo , although the index is below Greater Mexico City's average. Important landmarks of Greater Mexico City include the Historic Center of Mexico City,

2809-463: Was built on the island of Tenochtitlan in the middle of the lake. During conquest of the Aztec Empire the dikes that protected the city from recurrent floods were destroyed and colonial authorities preferred to drain the water of the lake, which was, for the most part, shallow. In 1900 president Porfirio Díaz inaugurated the Valley's System of Drainage that hinders the growth of water bodies in

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