The Meshik River is a stream, 31 miles (50 km) long, on the Alaska Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska . Beginning on the flanks of Mount Aniakchak in Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve , it flows generally west into Bristol Bay near the city of Port Heiden .
21-458: The Meshik is one of several peninsula rivers with many game fish but little fishing pressure because of their remote location, severe weather, and other factors. The main species on the main stem and its tributaries are Chinook , Coho , and sockeye salmon, as well as char . Access is possible by boat or floatplane. This article about a location in the Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
42-433: A bachelor's degree , as well as an advanced degree such as a master's degree or a doctorate . Like other scientists, biologists can be found working in different sectors of the economy such as in academia , nonprofits , private industry , or government . Francesco Redi , the founder of biology , is recognized to be one of the greatest biologists of all time. Robert Hooke, an English natural philosopher , coined
63-447: A mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly. An undergraduate degree in biology typically requires coursework in molecular and cellular biology , development , ecology , genetics , microbiology , anatomy , physiology , botany , and zoology . Additional requirements may include physics , chemistry ( general , organic , and biochemistry ), calculus , and statistics . Students who aspire to
84-552: A position to veto or approve their ideas. These scientists must consider the business effects of their work. Swift advances in knowledge of genetics and organic molecules spurred growth in the field of biotechnology, transforming the industries in which biological scientists work. Biological scientists can now manipulate the genetic material of animals and plants, attempting to make organisms (including humans) more productive or resistant to disease. Basic and applied research on biotechnological processes, such as recombining DNA, has led to
105-711: A research-oriented career usually pursue a graduate degree such as a master's or a doctorate (e.g., PhD) whereby they would receive training from a research head based on an apprenticeship model that has been in existence since the 1800s. Students in these graduate programs often receive specialized training in a particular subdiscipline of biology. Biologists who work in basic research formulate theories and devise experiments to advance human knowledge on life including topics such as evolution , biochemistry , molecular biology , neuroscience and cell biology . Biologists typically conduct laboratory experiments involving animals , plants , microorganisms or biomolecules . However,
126-772: A small part of biological research also occurs outside the laboratory and may involve natural observation rather than experimentation. For example, a botanist may investigate the plant species present in a particular environment, while an ecologist might study how a forest area recovers after a fire. Biologists who work in applied research use instead the accomplishments gained by basic research to further knowledge in particular fields or applications. For example, this applied research may be used to develop new pharmaceutical drugs , treatments and medical diagnostic tests . Biological scientists conducting applied research and product development in private industry may be required to describe their research plans or results to non-scientists who are in
147-478: Is a scientist who conducts research in biology . Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell , a multicellular organism , or a community of interacting populations . They usually specialize in a particular branch (e.g., molecular biology , zoology , and evolutionary biology ) of biology and have a specific research focus (e.g., studying malaria or cancer). Biologists who are involved in basic research have
168-722: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Alaska is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Game fish Game fish , sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers ), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish . Game fish can be eaten after being caught , preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture . Some game fish are also targeted commercially , particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna . Specimens of game fish whose measurements (body length and weight ) significantly exceed
189-585: Is the World Record Game Fishes , published annually by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), which maintains records for nearly 400 species around the world. The records are categorised, with separate records for juniors, for the type of tackle and line used, for fly fishing, and locality records. The IGFA also organize the world saltwater championship tournaments. Biologists A biologist
210-592: The climate is appropriate, from their native range on the Pacific Coast of North America to the mountains of southern Africa , and is now listed as one of the worst invasive species . As part of the catch-and-release practice encouraged to promote conservation , tagging programs were established. Some of their goals are to improve the management of fishery resources and to keep records on abundance , age, growth rates , migrations and breed identification . Some well-known tagging programs in
231-784: The United States are the South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program and the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program. The South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program began in 1974 and it is now the largest public tagging program in the Southeastern United States . Anglers are trained and then receive a tag kit with tags, applicator, and instructions. When they tag a fish, anglers use a reply postcard they receive in advance to send
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#1732775911495252-420: The aim of advancing knowledge about the natural world. They conduct their research using the scientific method , which is an empirical method for testing hypotheses . Their discoveries may have applications for some specific purpose such as in biotechnology , which has the goal of developing medically useful products for humans. In modern times, most biologists have one or more academic degrees such as
273-670: The discovery of genes associated with specific diseases and inherited health risks, such as sickle cell anemia. Advances in biotechnology have created research opportunities in almost all areas of biology, with commercial applications in areas such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation . Most biological scientists specialize in the study of a certain type of organism or in a specific activity, although recent advances have blurred some traditional classifications. Biologists typically work regular hours but longer hours are not uncommon. Researchers may be required to work odd hours in laboratories or other locations (especially while in
294-581: The field), depending on the nature of their research. Many biologists depend on grant money to fund their research. They may be under pressure to meet deadlines and to conform to rigid grant-writing specifications when preparing proposals to seek new or extended funding. Marine biologists encounter a variety of working conditions. Some work in laboratories; others work on research ships, and those who work underwater must practice safe diving while working around sharp coral reefs and hazardous marine life. Although some marine biologists obtain their specimens from
315-407: The information on the tag number, tag date, location , species , and size . This program issues anglers who tag and release 30 or more eligible species within a year a conservation award. When an angler recaptures a tagged fish, they then should report the recapture. If possible, the tag number and the mailing address should be reported, along with the location and date of the recapture, as well with
336-593: The measurement of the fish. The objective is to provide biologists with the necessary information to determine growth rate through an accurate measurement. The Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program started operations in 1995 and keeps records on recaptured fish since then. This is an annual program that starts in January and it is limited to 160 anglers. Anglers receive training workshops in February and March. The official guide to world salt- and freshwater fish records
357-417: The principles of inheritance in 1866, which became the basis of modern genetics . In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis Crick described the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms, building on the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin , suggested that the structure of DNA was a double helix. Ian Wilmut led a research group that in 1996 first cloned
378-412: The production of important substances, including human insulin and growth hormone. Many other substances not previously available in large quantities are now produced by biotechnological means. Some of these substances are useful in treating diseases. Those working on various genome (chromosomes with their associated genes) projects isolate genes and determine their function. This work continues to lead to
399-571: The sea, many still spend a good deal of their time in laboratories and offices, conducting tests, running experiments, recording results, and compiling data. Biologists are not usually exposed to unsafe or unhealthy conditions. Those who work with dangerous organisms or toxic substances in the laboratory must follow strict safety procedures to avoid contamination . Many biological scientists, such as botanists, ecologists, and zoologists, conduct field studies that involve strenuous physical activity and primitive living conditions. Biological scientists in
420-522: The species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish , as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers. The species of fish prized by anglers varies with geography and tradition. Some fish are sought for their value as food , while others are pursued for their fighting abilities, or for the difficulty of successfully enticing the fish to bite the hook . Some popular game fish have been introduced and stocked worldwide. Rainbow trout , for instance, can be found nearly anywhere
441-734: The term cell , suggesting plant structure's resemblance to honeycomb cells. Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection , which was described in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species , which was published in 1859. In it, Darwin proposed that the features of all living things, including humans, were shaped by natural processes of descent with accumulated modification leading to divergence over long periods of time. The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology. Separately, Gregor Mendel formulated
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