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65-565: The yeshiva was originally organized in 1905 as a synagogue, known as Congregation Tifereth Jerusalem, at 115 Hester Street in the Lower East Side neighborhood of New York City. In 1907, the congregation moved to 87 Eldridge Street and opened the yeshiva originally calling it "Talmud Torah Tifereth Jerusalem Yeshiva." This makes it one of the oldest yeshivas in New York City. The congregation hired Yehuda Sachs Wolpert to administer

130-667: A Latino pronunciation of "Lower East Side". Politically, the neighborhood is in New York's 7th and 12th congressional districts. It is in the New York State Assembly 's 65th district and 74th district; the New York State Senate 's 26th district; and New York City Council 's 1st and 2nd districts. As was true of all of Manhattan Island, the area now known as the Lower East Side

195-499: A few Jewish scribes and variety stores. Some kosher delis and bakeries, as well as a few " kosher style " delis, including the famous Katz's Deli , are located in the neighborhood. Second Avenue in the Lower East Side was home to many Yiddish theatre productions in the Yiddish Theater District during the early part of the 20th century, and Second Avenue came to be known as “Yiddish Broadway”, even though most of

260-604: A new permanent building. In June 1922, the new MTJ building had its grand opening marked by a parade and attendance by leading rabbis in New York along with media coverage in The Hebrew Standard and the Jewish Morning Journal . The president of the yeshiva was Aaron Yaakov Dashkovitz, with Yaakov Yosef Herman serving on the board of directors. Originally an elementary school, a high school

325-462: A number of buildings historically associated with the Jewish immigrant community. Notable sites include: Synagogues include: Little Fuzhou ( Chinese : 小福州 ; pinyin : Xiǎo Fúzhōu ; Foochow Romanized : Siēu-hók-ciŭ ), or Fuzhou Town ( Chinese : 福州埠 ; pinyin : Fúzhōu Bù ; Foochow Romanized : Hók-ciŭ-pú ) is a neighborhood within the eastern sliver of Chinatown , in

390-527: Is almost identical to neighboring buildings. In September 2013, it was announced that the Essex Crossing redevelopment project was to be built in the area, centered around the intersection of Essex and Delancey Streets, but mostly utilizing land south of Delancey Street. The census tabulation area for the Lower East Side is bounded to the north by 14th Street and to the west by Avenue B , Norfolk Street, Essex Street , and Pike Street . According to

455-403: Is led by Moshe Feinstein's youngest son Reuven . The yeshiva's mashgiach , Chaim Mintz, also founded and runs the kiruv organization Oorah . Moshe Feinstein was against attending sporting events, but MTJ "participated in competitive sporting events that included spectators." Lower East Side The Lower East Side , sometimes abbreviated as LES , is a historic neighborhood in

520-553: Is now lined with upscale boutiques. Similarly, trendy restaurants, including Clinton St. Baking Company & Restaurant , are found on a stretch of tree-lined Clinton Street that New York Magazine described as the "hippest restaurant row" on the Lower East Side. In November 2007, the Blue Condominium , a 32-unit, 16-story luxury condominium tower, was completed at 105 Norfolk Street just north of Delancey Street. The pixellated, faceted blue design starkly contrasts with

585-623: Is now obscured by shoreline landfill. It was near the east end of the present pedestrian bridge over the FDR Drive near Cherry Street . The name is preserved in Corlears Hook Park at the intersection of Jackson and Cherry Streets along the East River Drive. The bulk of immigrants who came to New York City in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to the Lower East Side, moving into crowded tenements there. By

650-483: Is now the East Village , earlier populations of Poles and Ukrainians have moved on and been largely supplanted by newer immigrants. The immigration of numerous Japanese people over the last fifteen years or so has led to the proliferation of Japanese restaurants and specialty food markets. There is also a notable population of Bangladeshis and other immigrants from Muslim countries, many of whom are congregants of

715-580: The 2 , ​ 3 ​, 4 , ​ 5 ​, A , ​ C ​, J , and ​ Z trains at the Fulton Street subway station. The Fulton Center renovation project for the station was completed in November 2014. No bus route runs on Fulton Street. The two routes intersecting with the street are the M15 and M15 SBS at Pearl/Water Streets, and

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780-663: The 124 Ridge Street Gallery among others. In December 2007, the New Museum relocated to a brand-new, critically acclaimed building on Bowery at Prince. A growing number of galleries are opening in the Bowery neighborhood to be in close proximity to the museum. The Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space , which opened in 2012, exhibits photography featuring the neighborhood in addition to chronicling its history of activism. Social service agencies like Henry Street Settlement and Educational Alliance have visual and performing arts programs,

845-620: The 2010 United States Census , the population of Lower East Side was 72,957, an increase of 699 (1.0%) from the 72,258 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 535.91 acres (216.88 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 136.1 inhabitants per acre (87,100/sq mi; 33,600/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 22.6% (16,453) White , 10.9% (7,931) African American , 0.2% (142) Native American , 24.9% (18,166) Asian , 0.0% (13) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (191) from other races , and 1.6% (1,191) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 39.6% (28,870) of

910-620: The Beat poets and writers were drawn to the neighborhood – especially the parts which later became the East Village – by the inexpensive housing and cheap food. The German population decreased in the early twentieth century as a result of the General Slocum disaster and due to anti-German sentiment prompted by World War I . After World War II , the Lower East Side became New York City's first racially integrated neighborhood with

975-636: The Beekman family of New York; his son Gerardus Beekman was christened at the plantation on August 17, 1653. On February 25, 1643, as part of Kieft's War , volunteers from the New Amsterdam colony killed forty Wiechquaesgecks at their encampment in the Massacre at Corlears Hook , in retaliation for ongoing conflicts between the colonists and the natives of the area, including the natives' unwillingness to pay tribute and their refusal to turn over

1040-558: The First Roumanian-American congregation (the Rivington Street Synagogue), partially collapsed in 2006 and was subsequently demolished. In addition, there is a major Hare Krishna temple and several Buddhist houses of worship. Chinese residents have also been moving into Lower East Side, and since the late 20th century, they have comprised a large immigrant group in the area. The part of

1105-747: The National Register of Historic Places . Regular cricket matches were held near the present Fulton Market in 1780 when the British Army-based itself in Manhattan during the American Revolution . The street itself was originally broken up into two parts, divided at Broadway . The eastern half was Fair Street and the western half was Partition Street. In 1816, both streets were named Fulton, in honor of Robert Fulton , an engineer who became famous for his invention of

1170-483: The Two Bridges and Lower East Side areas of Manhattan. Starting in the 1980s and by the 1990s, the neighborhood became a prime destination for immigrants from Fuzhou, Fujian , China. Manhattan's Little Fuzhou is centered on East Broadway . However, since the 2000s, Chinatown, Brooklyn became New York City's new primary destination for Fuzhou immigrants, resulting in a second Little Fuzhou that has far surpassed

1235-585: The middle-class , as well as immigrants from countries such as Taiwan, Indonesia, Bangladesh , China, the Dominican Republic , India, Japan , Korea, the Philippines , and Poland. In the early 2000s, the gentrification of the East Village spread to the Lower East Side proper, making it one of the trendiest neighborhoods in Manhattan. Orchard Street , despite its "Bargain District" moniker,

1300-400: The 1840s, large numbers of German immigrants settled in the area, and a large part of it became known as " Little Germany " or "Kleindeutschland". This was followed by groups of Italians and Eastern European Jews, as well as Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Slovaks and Ukrainians, each of whom settled in relatively homogeneous enclaves. By 1920, the Jewish neighborhood was one of

1365-537: The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam was located primarily below the current Fulton Street , while north of it were a number of small plantations and large farms called " bouwerij " ("bowery", equivalent to " boerderij " in present-day Dutch). Around these farms were a number of enclaves of free or "half-free" Africans, which served as a buffer between the Dutch and the Native Americans. One of the largest of these

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1430-452: The East Village name, and the term was adopted by the popular media by the mid-1960s. As the East Village developed a culture separate from the rest of the Lower East Side, the two areas came to be seen as two separate neighborhoods rather than the former being part of the latter. By the 1980s, the Lower East Side had begun to stabilize after its period of decline , and once again began to attract students, artists, and adventurous members of

1495-405: The Lower East Side is especially remembered as a place of Jewish beginnings for Ashkenazi American Jewish culture. Vestiges of the area's Jewish heritage exist in shops on Hester and Essex Streets , and on Grand Street near Allen Street. An Orthodox Jewish community is based in the area, operating yeshiva day schools and a mikvah . A few Judaica shops can be found along Essex Street, as are

1560-474: The Lower East Side, the East Village and Chinatown . Community District 3 had 171,103 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.2 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (35%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 25% are between 45–64, and 16% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents

1625-557: The Revolution was separated from the densely populated city by rugged hills of glacial till: "this region lay beyond the city proper, from which it was separated by high, uncultivated, and rough hills", observers recalled in 1843. As early as 1816, Corlears Hook was notorious for streetwalkers , "a resort for the lewd and abandoned of both sexes", and in 1821 its "streets abounding every night with preconcerted groups of thieves and prostitutes" were noted by The Christian Herald . In

1690-532: The accused killer of a colonist. The projection into the East River that retained Corlaer's name was an important landmark for navigators for 300 years. On older maps and documents, it is usually spelled Corlaers Hook, but since the early 19th century, the spelling has been anglicized to Corlears . The rough unplanned settlement that developed at Corlaer's Hook under the British occupation of New York during

1755-469: The area within today's Eldridge, Essex, Hester and Broome Streets—was eliminated when the loyalist Delancey family's property was confiscated after the American Revolution . The city Commissioners of Forfeiture eliminated the aristocratic planned square for a grid, effacing Delancey's vision of a New York laid out like the West End of London . The point of land on the East River now called Corlears Hook

1820-466: The city ( Bowery ) survives in the names Delancey Street and Orchard Street . On the modern map of Manhattan, the Delancey farm is represented in the grid of streets from Division Street north to Houston Street. In response to the pressures of a growing city, Delancey began to survey streets in the southern part of the "West Farm" in the 1760s. A spacious projected Delancey Square —intended to cover

1885-418: The course of the 19th century, they came to be called hookers . In the 1832 summer of New York City's cholera epidemic, a two-story wooden workshop in the neighborhood was commandeered to serve as a makeshift cholera hospital; between July 18 and September 15, when the hospital was closed as the epidemic wound down, 281 patients were admitted, both black and white, of whom 93 died. In 1833, Corlear's Hook

1950-424: The first was ABC No Rio . Begun by a group of Colab no wave artists (some living on Ludlow Street ), ABC No Rio opened an outsider gallery space that invited community participation and encouraged the widespread production of art. Taking an activist approach to art that grew out of The Real Estate Show (the take over of an abandoned building by artists to open an outsider gallery only to have it chained closed by

2015-428: The former at Abrons Arts Center , a home for contemporary interdisciplinary arts. The neighborhood is also home to several graffiti artists, such as Chico and Jean-Michel Basquiat . As the neighborhood has gentrified and become safer at night, it has transformed into a popular late-night destination. Orchard, Ludlow and Essex between Rivington Street and Stanton Street have become especially packed at night, and

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2080-485: The influx of African Americans and Puerto Ricans . Areas where Spanish speaking was predominant began to be called Loisaida . By the 1960s, the influence of the Jewish and Eastern European groups declined as many of these residents had left the area, while other ethnic groups had coalesced into separate neighborhoods, such as Little Italy . The Lower East Side then experienced a period of "persistent poverty, crime, drugs, and abandoned housing". A substantial portion of

2145-635: The institution as he previously served as Rabbi in Libau , part of the Zamut region of Lithuania. Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ) moved to a few temporary locations including 240 Madison Street, the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary at 9-11 Montgomery Street, and 147 East Broadway. In 1917, the board of directors purchased 145 East Broadway and combined it with the 147 East Broadway property where they built

2210-529: The largest of these ethnic groupings, with 400,000 people, pushcart vendors and storefronts prominent on Orchard and Grand Streets, and numerous Yiddish theatres along Second Avenue between Houston and 14th Streets. Living conditions in these "slum" areas were far from ideal, although some improvement came from a change in the zoning laws, which required "new law" tenements to be built with air shafts between them so that fresh air and some light could reach each apartment. Still, reform movements, such as

2275-558: The mid-2000s, prompting the National Trust for Historic Preservation to place the neighborhood on their list of America's Most Endangered Places in 2008. The Lower East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 3 , and its primary ZIP Code is 10002. It is patrolled by the 7th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . The Lower East Side is roughly bounded by East 14th Street on

2340-517: The neighborhood in a strong manner, and Chinatown holds a special place in the imagination of Chinese Americans, just as Astoria in Queens holds a place in the hearts of Greek Americans . It was a hub for ancestors of many people in the metropolitan area, and much depicted in fiction and films. Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem , established in 1907, was long led by Moshe Feinstein . In the late 20th century, Jewish communities have worked to preserve

2405-418: The neighborhood south of Delancey Street and west of Allen Street has, in large measure, become part of Chinatown . Grand Street is one of the major business and shopping streets of Chinatown. Also contained within the neighborhood are strips of lighting and restaurant supply shops on the Bowery. While the Lower East Side has been a place of successive immigrant populations, many American Jews relate to

2470-568: The neighborhood was slated for demolition under the Cooper Square Urban Renewal Plan of 1956, which was to redevelop the area from Ninth to Delancey Streets from the Bowery/Third Avenue to Chrystie Street /Second Avenue with new privately owned cooperative housing . The United Housing Foundation was selected as the sponsor for the project, which faced great opposition from the community. Neither

2535-486: The north of Delancey Street continued south. Several restaurants, bars, and galleries opened below Delancey Street after 2005, especially around the intersection of Broome and Orchard Streets. The neighborhood's second boutique hotel, Blue Moon Hotel, opened on Orchard Street just south of Delancey Street in early 2006. However, unlike The Hotel on Rivington, the Blue Moon used an existing tenement building, and its exterior

2600-521: The north, by the East River to the east, by Fulton and Franklin Streets to the south, and by Pearl Street and Broadway to the west. This more extensive definition of the neighborhood includes Chinatown , the East Village , and Little Italy . A less extensive definition would have the neighborhood bordered in the south and west by Chinatown , – which extends north to roughly Grand Street – in

2665-422: The oldest neighborhoods of the city, the Lower East Side has long been a lower-class worker neighborhood and often a poor and ethnically diverse section of New York. As well as Irish , Italians , Poles , Ukrainians , and other ethnic groups, it once had a sizeable German population and was known as Little Germany (Kleindeutschland) . Today it is a predominantly Puerto Rican and Dominican community, and in

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2730-618: The one started by Jacob Riis 's book How the Other Half Lives continued to attempt to alleviate the problems of the area through settlement houses , such as the Henry Street Settlement , and other welfare and service agencies. The city itself moved to address the problem when it built First Houses , the first such public housing project in the United States, in 1935–1936. The development, located on

2795-659: The original as the Fuzhou cultural center of the New York metropolitan area , and is still rapidly growing in contrast to Manhattan's Little Fuzhou that is shrinking under gentrification . Since the 2010s, the Fuzhou immigrant population and businesses have been declining throughout the whole eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown due to gentrification. There is a rapidly increasing influx of high-income, often non-Chinese, professionals moving into this area, including high-end hipster -owned businesses. The neighborhood has become home to numerous contemporary art galleries. One of

2860-462: The original large-scale development nor a 1961 revised proposal was implemented, and it was not until 1991 that an agreement was made to redevelop a small portion of the proposed renewal site. The East Village was once considered the Lower East Side's northwest corner. However, in the 1960s, the demographics of the area above Houston Street began to change as hipsters , musicians, and artists moved in. Newcomers and real estate brokers popularized

2925-558: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 48% in Community District 3, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Community District 3 was considered to be gentrifying : according to the Community Health Profile, the district was low-income in 1990 and has seen above-median rent growth up to 2010. One of

2990-419: The police) ABC No Rio kept its sense of activism , community, and outsiderness. The product of this open, expansive approach to art was a space for creating new works that did not have links to the art market place and that were able to explore new artistic possibilities. Other outsider galleries sprung up throughout the Lower East Side and East Village—some 200 at the height of the scene in the 1980s, including

3055-774: The population. The racial composition of the Lower East Side changed moderately from 2000 to 2010, with the most significant changes being the White population's increase by 18% (2,514), the Asian population's increase by 10% (1,673), and the Hispanic / Latino population's decrease by 10% (3,219). The minority Black population experienced a slight increase by 1% (41), while the very small population of all other races decreased by 17% (310). The Lower East Side lies in Manhattan Community District 3 , which encompasses

3120-541: The process of gentrification (as documented by the portraits of its residents in the Clinton+Rivington chapter of The Corners Project.) Since the immigration waves from Eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century, the Lower East Side became known as having been a center of Jewish immigrant culture. In her 2000 book Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America , Hasia Diner explains that

3185-600: The resulting noise is a cause of tension between bar owners and longtime residents. Furthermore, as gentrification continues, many established landmarks and venues have been lost. Fulton Street (Manhattan) Fulton Street is a busy street located in Lower Manhattan in New York City . Located in the Financial District , a few blocks north of Wall Street , it runs from West Street at

3250-529: The rosh yeshiva. Michel Barenbaum became the mashgiach ruchani (student supervisor) in the late 1940s (he died on March 4, 2003). Following Feinstein's death, MTJ was led by his son Dovid Feinstein until his death in November 2020. The school is now led by the latter's son Berel Feinstein. MTJ was involved in a money laundering scandal in the 1980s. A second branch of MTJ was established in 1966 in Staten Island . Known as Yeshiva of Staten Island, it

3315-646: The site of the World Trade Center to South Street , terminating in front of the South Street Seaport . The westernmost two blocks and the easternmost block are pedestrian streets . The street has a Beaux-Arts architectural feel with many buildings dating back to the Gilded Age or shortly thereafter. The early 19th-century buildings on the south side of the easternmost block are called Schermerhorn Row and are collectively listed on

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3380-817: The small Madina Masjid, a mosque on First Avenue and 11th Street. The neighborhood still has many historic synagogues, such as the Bialystoker Synagogue , Beth Hamedrash Hagadol , the Eldridge Street Synagogue , Kehila Kedosha Janina (the only Greek synagogue in the Western Hemisphere), the Angel Orensanz Center (the fourth oldest synagogue building in the United States), and various smaller synagogues along East Broadway. Another landmark,

3445-580: The south side of East 3rd Street between First Avenue and Avenue A , and on the west side of Avenue A between East 2nd and East 3rd Streets, is now considered to be located within the East Village. By the turn of the twentieth century, the neighborhood had become closely associated with radical politics, such as anarchism , socialism , and communism . It was also known as a place where many popular performers had grown up, such as Eddie Cantor , Al Jolson , George and Ira Gershwin , Jimmy Durante , and Irving Berlin . Later, more radical artists such as

3510-463: The southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City . It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Historically, it was understood to encompass a much larger area, from Broadway to the East River and from East 14th Street to Fulton and Franklin Streets. Traditionally an immigrant, working class neighborhood, it began rapid gentrification in

3575-574: The steamship in 1809. East River ferries connected this street to Fulton Street in Brooklyn, at Brooklyn Ferry at the time, Fulton Street, counting the ferry, was one continuous street from Manhattan to Brooklyn, beginning in Manhattan, traveling across the ferry, and along what is today Old Fulton Street, Cadman Plaza West, and what is now a pedestrian esplanade on the east side of the Brooklyn Borough Hall . The Fulton Fish Market

3640-513: The surrounding neighborhood. Following the construction of the Hotel on Rivington one block away, several luxury condominiums around Houston, and the New Museum on Bowery , this new wave of construction is another sign that the gentrification cycle is entering a high-luxury phase similar to in SoHo and Nolita in the previous decade. More recently, the gentrification that was previously confined to

3705-463: The theaters are now gone. Songwriter Irving Berlin , actor John Garfield , and singer Eddie Cantor grew up here. Since the mid-20th century, the area has been settled primarily by immigrants, primarily from Latin America , especially Central America and Puerto Rico. They have established their own groceries and shops, marketing goods from their culture and cuisine. Bodegas have replaced Jewish shops, and there are mostly Roman Catholics . In what

3770-513: The west by Nolita and in the north by the East Village . Historically, the "Lower East Side" referred to the area alongside the East River from about the Manhattan Bridge and Canal Street up to 14th Street , and roughly bounded on the west by Broadway . It included areas known today as East Village , Alphabet City , Chinatown , Bowery , Little Italy , and NoLIta . Parts of the East Village are still known as Loisaida ,

3835-407: Was also called Corlaers Hook under Dutch and British rule and briefly Crown Point during British occupation in the Revolution. It was named after the schoolmaster Jacobus van Corlaer, who settled on this "plantation" that in 1638 was called by a Europeanized version of its Lenape name , Nechtans or Nechtanc . Corlaer sold the plantation to Wilhelmus Hendrickse Beekman (1623–1707), founder of

3900-493: Was established in the late 1920s, and a post–high school yeshivah was later added. MTJ now offers a full range of classes, from pre-kindergarten through post-high school. Yosef Adler served as rosh yeshiva (dean) and in 1936, hired his cousin Moshe Feinstein to start a Beis Medrash and semikhah (rabbinic ordination) program at the yeshiva. In 1938, after Adler died of a heart attack while swimming, Feinstein became

3965-485: Was located along the modern Bowery between Prince Street and Astor Place , as well as the "only separate enclave" of this type within Manhattan. These black farmers were some of the earliest settlers of the area. Gradually, during the 17th century, there was an overall consolidation of the boweries and farms into larger parcels, and much of the Lower East Side was then part of the Delancey farm. James Delancey 's pre-Revolutionary farm east of post road leading from

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4030-526: Was located nearby at the South Street Seaport until 2005, when it moved to Hunts Point in the Bronx . In August 2013, parts of the street were excavated in order to install water mains, but while they were digging, construction workers uncovered over 100 empty liquor bottles from the 18th century used as part of landfill to extend the street to the East River . Fulton Street is served by

4095-461: Was lower, at 13% and 11%, respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 3 was $ 39,584, though the median income in the Lower East Side individually was $ 51,649. In 2018, an estimated 18% of Community District 3 residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

4160-482: Was occupied by members of the Lenape tribe, who were organized in bands that moved from place to place according to the seasons, fishing on the rivers in the summer, and moving inland in the fall and winter to gather crops and hunt for food. Their main trail took approximately the route of Broadway . One encampment in the Lower East Side area, near Corlears Hook was called Rechtauck or Naghtogack. The population of

4225-493: Was the location of some of the first tenements built in New York City. Corlears Hook is mentioned on the first page of Chapter 1 of Herman Melville 's Moby Dick , first published in 1851: "Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip , and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see? ..." and again in Chapter 99—The Doubloon. The original location of Corlears Hook

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