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57-615: Miami-Dade County Public Schools ( M-DCPS ) is the public school district serving Miami-Dade County in the U.S. state of Florida . Founded in 1885, it is the largest school district in Florida, the largest in the Southeastern United States , and the third-largest in the United States with a student enrollment of 356,589 as of August 30, 2021. The district includes all of Miami-Dade County. It

114-454: A school board ) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio , or a combination of any of these. An independent school district is a legally separate body corporate and political . Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts

171-481: A "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's superintendent of schools – a district's chief executive . The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in

228-626: A certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of special schools in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by the Landschaftsverbände . There also exist private schools , mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations. In Italy , school districts were established in 1974 by the " Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola " ("Assigned Laws [to

285-568: A decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession . By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. In England and Wales , school boards were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with

342-411: A decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The Midwest had a large number of rural school districts. Previously areas of

399-472: A larger emphasis was placed on advanced education and magnet programs. New magnet schools and programs were opened. Schools that were already opened also made the decision to introduce magnet programs within the school, such as HML's iPrep Academy , and some schools decided to rebrand themselves as full-on magnet schools, such as José Martí Middle becoming José Martí MAST 6-12 Academy. In 2013, 100 new programs, including 49 iPrep Academies, were opened. In 2013,

456-641: A minority of secondary schools , a few primary schools, and much further education . (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the Department of Education inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more local authority areas , with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating Vocational Education Committees established in 1930, also based on local government areas. In Hong Kong ,

513-607: A representative of the organization and speaks and responds to questions from the Board on student-related issues. The total student enrollment of Miami-Dade County Public Schools as of August 30, 2016 was 370,656. The breakdown of students is shown below. Pre-K: 1,533 Kindergarten: 23,555 Grade 1: 25,014 Grade 2: 26,423 Grade 3: 28,679 Grade 4: 26,056 Grade 5: 27,110 Grade 6: 25,784 Grade 7: 26,053 Grade 8: 26,654 Grade 9: 27,211 Grade 10: 27,740 Grade 11: 27,341 Grade 12: 26,392 The district

570-455: A school system that is separate but similar to a town's or a county's powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use eminent domain , and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in New York state require a majority of voters living in

627-710: A single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating one-room school districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "[t]he South ended up with county-based school districts because segregation imposed diseconomies of scale on district operations and required larger land-area districts." In New York , most school districts are separate governmental units with

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684-449: A state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as

741-621: Is a one-story, one-room, rectangular structure with a wood frame and a gable roof covered with shingles. In 1970, the schoolhouse was moved from its original location to its current home on the grounds of the Plymouth Congregational Church , at 3429 Devon Road, Coconut Grove, Florida, 33133. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The turn of the 20th century launched Miami and its school system into decades of growth. By 1924,

798-427: Is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as Maine , some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not. Independent school districts often exercise authority over

855-645: Is managed by the School Board of Miami-Dade County, which appoints a superintendent to head the administrative portions of the district. Dr. Jose Dotres has been Superintendent since February 2022. Miami-Dade County Public Schools is one of a few public school districts in the U.S. to offer optional international studies programs and bilingual education . Bilingual education is offered in Spanish , French , German , Haitian Creole , and Mandarin Chinese . M-DCPS

912-566: Is the only school district in Florida to offer bilingual education in Mandarin. As of 2014, 35% of MDCPS teachers are graduates of Florida International University . The Board of Education for Dade County first met in Miami on June 27, 1885. Those present at the first Board of Education meeting were Superintendent C.H. Lumm, and members of the board, W.H. Benest, Joseph F. Frow, and Adam C. Richards. The main order of business consisted of dividing

969-1100: Is the second-largest minority-majority public school system in the country. As of 2012, 62% of MDCPS students were of Hispanic origin (of any race) , 25% Black , 10% Non-Hispanic White , 3% other and multiracial. Of the students enrolled in MDCPS, 54% spoke Spanish at home, 5% spoke Haitian Creole , and less than 1% spoke French and Portuguese at home. 45% of students were enrolled in bilingual Spanish language programs, and an additional 23% were enrolled in other bilingual programs in French, German, Italian, Mandarin, Portuguese, and Haitian Creole. As of 2006 most newly named schools received names after people working for or involved with M-DCPS, and district rules allow schools to be named after people who are still alive. Relatively few schools were named after highly famous people. The following MDCPS high schools were ranked in U.S. News & World Report ' s annual "America's Best High Schools" rankings: In 2011, Newsweek ' s rankings of

1026-424: Is today. In 1975, school boundaries were created, forcing students to attend the schools located within their respective areas. This law allowed for any student to attend the closest school, regardless of race or ethnicity. School populations had flourished throughout most of the 1960s and 70s, but in the late 70s, a teacher walk-out forced a sudden drop in school population, ending rampant overcrowding, and forcing

1083-698: The Education Bureau divides primary schools into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its Primary One Admission System . Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in Kowloon and districts 11 and 12 in Hong Kong Island are considered the most prestigious. In Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online. Overtown (Miami) Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1140-555: The Ford Foundation , the program was modified into a full bilingual education curriculum, with a pilot program at Coral Way Elementary School . The program was successful and paved the way for the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. Beginning in 1962, Dade County schools began to receive their first influx of Hispanic students, mainly from Cuba . This was significant in shaping the school system into what it

1197-790: The Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were only school districts subordinate to local governments. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with

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1254-710: The Unorganized Borough of Alaska were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the Alaska Department of Education and by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the Alaska Legislature created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to

1311-442: The county council and county borough councils becoming the local education authorities . In France, the system of the carte scolaire was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria: In Germany , schools and teachers are predominately funded by the states of Germany , which also are in control of

1368-412: The 1982 Miami riot, in which 14 schools were badly damaged due to fire and vandalism. The Haitian students who came during the 1980s and 1990s were mostly low income, and high school-aged students generally attended Miami Edison High School . In 1986, the district started the first International Studies Magnet Program at Sunset Elementary School, one of the first such programs in the U.S. This program won

1425-733: The 500 Best High Schools in America, eight MDCPS schools were ranked: MDCPS owns and operates WLRN-TV (Channel 17), a PBS member television station, and WLRN-FM (91.3 FM), an NPR member radio station. 25°47′19.82″N 80°11′27.95″W  /  25.7888389°N 80.1910972°W  / 25.7888389; -80.1910972 School district In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several elementary , middle , and high schools . The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within

1482-557: The Government] about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget. In the Republic of Ireland, 16 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) administer

1539-485: The Great Depression to the area long before the actual market crash of 1929. The crash forced many more schools not destroyed by the hurricane to be closed. Beginning in 1930 the school board faced its first overcrowding and funding problems. In 1928, Miami Senior High , the district's first secondary school, moved into its fifth and current location. The building cost over $ 1 million to construct. In 1926,

1596-601: The Miami-Dade system banned the inaugural poem of Amanda Gorman, following the complaint of a parent that allegedly opposed "non-white voices" in the school curriculum; the parent was able to ban the book thanks to the policies of Florida Governor Ron DeSantis. The Student Advisor is elected by the Miami-Dade County District Student Government Association and sits as an advisor to the Board during Board meetings as

1653-466: The United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps ." There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452,

1710-579: The class of 1966, it became a junior high school, and it has remained so since junior high schools were phased out. Also in this year, Miami Dade Schools established the position of Security Assistant, which would evolve into the Miami-Dade Public Schools Police Department . On the morning of September 7, 1959, 25 African-American students stepped onto the grounds of Orchard Villa Elementary School and Air Base Elementary schools, officially ending segregation within

1767-437: The closing of 11 schools. The sudden drop didn't last very long, as students who had left the school system for private schools began to return by the mid-1980s. Throughout the 1980s, the school district was recognized for expertly assimilating wave after wave of new immigrants, particularly children from Nicaragua and Haiti , and from Cuba's Mariel Boatlift . It was highly regarded for its handling of displaced students after

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1824-488: The county based on school performance (some schools are partial magnets, which also enroll students from surrounding neighborhoods, while some are full magnets that only take students based on merit). The district also re-opened Coral Way Elementary as its first bilingual school, which teaches its curriculum in both English and Spanish. In 1996, the school board revamped itself under pressure to boost minority representation, expanding from seven to nine members, all elected for

1881-405: The county lines had shifted with the creation of Broward , Palm Beach , Lee , and Hendry counties. Despite losing jurisdiction over many of its schools in just twenty years, the school system still boasted 33 separate schools and a student population of nearly 5,000. Following the 1926 Miami hurricane, many schools were destroyed. The hurricane ended the 1920s land boom in Miami, and ushered in

1938-481: The county, which at the time included all of what are now Miami-Dade, Broward , Palm Beach and Martin counties, into districts. The board divided Dade County into four districts. The area around Lake Worth was declared District #1, while Miami became known as District #2. Coconut Grove fell within the boundaries of District #3, with Elliott Key , and all other islands or keys, comprising District #4. The First Coconut Grove School , built in 1887, served as both

1995-456: The district leadership anticipated that there would be thousands of survivors arriving, that most students arriving would be poor, and that most high school-aged students would be going to Miami Edison High School . The district planned to establish housing for refugees at a Baptist hospital in Homestead. By January 2011, there were 1,403 survivors from that earthquake enrolled at M-DCPS, which

2052-469: The district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but school districts in Virginia have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a school board , is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as

2109-420: The early 21st century, with G. Holmes Braddock High School , Barbara Goleman High School , and Miami Springs High School reaching student populations of over 4,500. The sudden influx in student population has forced the school system to build and open nearly 40 new schools in many parts of the county – an ongoing project today. In October 2001, Deputy Superintendent Henry Fraind retired under pressure after it

2166-400: The first time from single-member districts. Due to this, its number of black members doubled, and its Hispanic members quadrupled. The board also began a new program to create K-8 centers as a way of relieving overcrowding in middle schools. In 1997, Dade County formally changed its name to Miami-Dade County , and the school board subsequently changed its name as well. The early 21st century

2223-608: The newly created Alaska Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year. In the 2022 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to

2280-731: The original Booker T. Washington Senior High School building opened in what is now the Overtown district. It was the only secondary black high school at the time in South Florida , enrolling students from as far away as Broward and Palm Beach counties. In 1938, George Washington Carver Sr. High opened in Coral Gables for the black residents of the Coconut Grove and Coral Gables area. In 1936, Mr. Hopkins ( Lindsey Hopkins Jr. ) and his father ( Lindsey Hopkins Sr. ) acquired

2337-504: The overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by municipal governments on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband") can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to

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2394-582: The partner countries and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. The district, through the International Studies Magnet Program at Sunset Elementary School, started to produce bicultural, bilingual and biliterate students in English and their choice of Spanish, French, or German. Following Hurricane Andrew in 1992, Dade County was commended for its speed at rebuilding and reopening schools. Most schools reopened within two weeks of

2451-441: The power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 ( Buffalo , Rochester , Syracuse , Yonkers , and New York City ), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states. According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in

2508-544: The prestigious 2008 Goldman Sachs Prize for Excellence in International Education. It focuses on implementing a challenging curriculum in Spanish , French , and German , in addition to English . This challenging world language curriculum is fully accredited by the governments of Spain , France , and Germany , and is implemented through comprehensive agreements between the Ministries of Education of

2565-600: The religious and educational center of the pioneer community. In 1889, the building was rented to the School Board for the purpose of servicing children in District #3. The first teachers at the First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse included C.L. Trapp and Flora McFarlane. The first students in attendance included Annie and Harry Peacock; John, James, Trinni, and Mary Pent; and Lillian, Grace, Charlie, and Joseph Frow. The First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse

2622-498: The rest of the state. Until this point, Miami-Dade County Schools was the only district whose students began school the last week of August rather than the first. This measure was also implemented to allow schools more time to ready themselves for the state's FCAT exam. In accordance with measures set forth by the state, any school that had been graded as a D or F on the FCAT the previous academic year were put on an academic probation by

2679-403: The school board, giving the administration three years to bring the school's grade up to a C or higher before taking drastic measures, such as firing all teachers and administrators or removing funding for extracurricular activities. In September 2008, the school board bought out Dr. Rudy Crew's contract with the district due to mismanaging the budget and his relations with other board members. He

2736-495: The school system. By the end of the academic year, nearly half the schools in the county had been desegregated when parents were given the option of enrolling their children in any school in the district, providing they had the proper transportation. Despite this law, many schools in Dade County did not become fully integrated until the late 1960s. In 1961 the school system started a "Spanish for Spanish" program. With help from

2793-524: The skeleton of the bankrupt, unfinished Roosevelt Hotel at 1410 NE Second Ave. at public auction for $ 38,000. They spent a million dollars fixing it up. In 1941, four years after the elder Lindsey Hopkins' death, Mr. Hopkins sold the building to the School Board for $ 225,000 as a memorial to his father. World War II brought another population boom for Miami. Between 1945 and 1975, 16 high schools, 30 middle schools, and 45 grade schools were opened. Miami Northwestern opened in 1951 to replace D.A. Dorsey, which

2850-654: The state of Florida announced it would replace the FCAT statewide with Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) exams. The PARCC exams were planned for introduction during the 2014–2015 school year. Concerns over PARCC include longer testing times. In comparison to the FCAT's 12-day testing window, PARCC would be spread out over 20 days. There were concerns over the fact that PARCC had not yet, as of 2013, been "developed, designed, nor tested." In 2023, Bob Graham Education Center in Miami Lakes within

2907-556: The state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in New England , New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of

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2964-458: The storm, and students who attended schools that had been completely destroyed were quickly displaced with free and efficient bus transportation. The district also used funding from the disaster to redo its entire curriculum, adding sex education to elementary schools, and foreign language programs to middle schools. It opened fully funded magnet schools such as Coral Reef High School and Southwood Middle School , which take in students from all over

3021-406: Was below the predicted number, and most of them were in the middle and upper classes. The hospital was never needed. The largest number of high school-aged students, 88, enrolled at North Miami High School . 51 enrolled at Felix Varela High School , and only six enrolled at Miami Edison. MDCPS had the highest number of 2010 Haiti earthquake survivors of any U.S. school district. In the early 2010s,

3078-413: Was characterized by the widespread adoption of information technology for everyday use by classroom teachers, students, and parents. One noteworthy process was the phased introduction of Excelsior Software's Electronic Gradebook, Riverdeep software, BrainPOP , TeenBiz and FCAT Explorer. During the 2010s, Edmodo was also phased into the classrooms of Miami-Dade. School population became a problem again in

3135-404: Was converted into a junior high until schools were desegregated . Dade County Public Schools found that it was not operable anymore as a secondary school, so it was turned into an adult educational center. In 1957, North Dade Jr./Sr. High School opened for grades seven through tenth grades. As the years progressed, the grades went higher, until North Dade graduated its first class in 1960. After

3192-399: Was discovered that a clique of longtime administrators and powerful outsiders had exploited the district's vast resources. Fraind had received his Ph.D. from Pacific Western University (Hawaii) in 1982, a noted diploma mill . Beginning April 26, 2004, under then new superintendent Dr. Rudy Crew , the school year was begun three weeks earlier in order to synchronize the school district with

3249-490: Was replaced by Alberto Carvalho , who was previously a science teacher in this school system. The school district is currently being monitored by the Florida Department of Education due to having extremely low monetary reserves. Since Carvalho's appointment, reserves have increased from 0.5% to 1.3% of the operating budget; however, this is well below the 5% recommended practice. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake

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