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In photography , an omnidirectional camera (from "omni", meaning all), also known as 360-degree camera , is a camera having a field of view that covers approximately the entire sphere or at least a full circle in the horizontal plane . Omnidirectional cameras are important in areas where large visual field coverage is needed, such as in panoramic photography and robotics .

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53-421: Microsoft RoundTable was a videoconferencing device with a 360-degree camera that was designed to work with Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 or Microsoft Office Live Meeting . RoundTable provided remote meeting participants with panoramic video of everyone sitting around the conference table. In addition, RoundTable contained active speaker detection technology that provides high-resolution video of

106-487: A 114 PS (84 kW; 112 bhp) 1.6 L or a 141 PS (104 kW; 139 bhp) 2.0 L petrol , while the 106 PS (78 kW; 105 bhp) 1.5 L, 130 PS (96 kW; 128 bhp) 1.6 L and 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) 2.0 L provide the diesel offerings. The first-generation Qashqai sold more than 1.24 million units in Europe during its seven year production run. From

159-505: A 187 hp (190 PS; 139 kW) electric motor, a power generator, and an inverter, making it a series hybrid with no plug-in capability. The facelifted Qashqai was revealed on 17 April 2024. Changes include redesigned headlights and taillights, a new front fascia inspired from the Ariya , new exterior colours can be optioned with satin chrome or gloss black elements, new alloy wheel designs, new seat designs, new interior materials,

212-419: A 360-degree object using software. Problems are often caused by stitching errors that can happen at any given time. This means that an incorrect combination of the images can result in an unclean cut edge that is difficult or impossible to remove. Depending on the application, manufacturers use more than two camera lenses to produce the images. One of the first cameras was Sony' Fourthview multihead camera and

265-444: A 360-degree view, better results can be obtained for optical flow and feature selection and matching. 360 cameras have become extremely popular within the real estate industry. With more and more homes being purchased sight-unseen, 360 camera technology has offered a way for prospective home buyers to tour the home without having to be there in person. There are even 360 cameras on the market that have been created with real estate as

318-517: A 6-speed manual or an Xtronic CVT-X transmission. All-wheel-drive is available for the 156 hp option with CVT. For the first time, the Qashqai range also includes the e-Power hybrid powertrain. The system uses the ICE engine as a generator of electricity and is not connected to the driven wheels. The system combines a 154 hp (156 PS; 115 kW) 1.5-liter variable-compression petrol engine with

371-450: A field of view that ranges from a few degrees to, at most, 180°. This means that it captures, at most, light falling onto the camera focal point through a hemisphere. In contrast, an ideal omnidirectional camera captures light from all directions falling onto the focal point, covering a full sphere. In practice, however, most omnidirectional cameras do not cover the entire sphere. Many cameras which are referred to as omnidirectional cover

424-503: A particular obstacle. The Japanese domestic market Dualis was offered in 2.0 G, 2.0 S, 2.0 G Four, and 2.0 S Four trim levels. All models are powered by 2.0-litre MR20DE engine matched to six-speed Xtronic CVT. The Dualis was discontinued in Japan on 31 March 2014, after which the Juke was the only Nissan's mini SUV still produced and sold in Japan until 2019. In some Middle Eastern markets,

477-615: A record-breaking 500,000th Qashqai off the production line at the UK plant, the fastest time for a vehicle built in the UK to reach a half million units. On 27 October 2016, Nissan announced that the facelifted Qashqai J11 would be produced at the UK plant. The facelifted Qashqai was unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show . The facelift version only went on sale in the United States (as the Nissan Rogue Sport ) beginning with

530-576: A reported steering wheel problem. It affected the Qashqai, Qashqai+2 and NV200 models. The Qashqai J11 was introduced in London on 7 November 2013 at a worldwide streamed launch. The vehicle is larger and based on an all-new CMF-CD platform shared with the Nissan X-Trail / Rogue and Renault Kadjar . It went on sale in the UK in February 2014. The Qashqai J11 was awarded What Car? "Car of

583-537: A slow-seller in Europe became its primary focus. In early 2002, 25 European Nissan engineers travelled to the brand’s technical centre in Japan to start of a 12-month project to develop the successor of the Almera. It was projected to be larger car to compete with the SEAT Altea and Volkswagen Golf Plus . In December 2002, Nissan concluded that the planned C-segment model would not be as profitable and competitive as

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636-512: A so-called defeat device in Qashqai with diesel engines to turn off its exhaust reduction system under regular driving temperatures. It fined Nissan and ordered a recall of models with Euro 6 engines. Nissan tried to sue the South Korean government but lost the court case. The South Korean regulator tested the emissions of 20 diesel vehicles after the VW diesel scandal and found the Qashqai to be

689-761: Is 20 mm (0.8 in) longer, and is based on the CMF-CD platform shared with the Nissan Rogue / X-Trail (T33) and Renault Austral . Since this generation, Nissan has stopped the use of the Rogue Sport name in the United States due to the discontinuation of the second-generation there, reverting to Qashqai globally. It is claimed to use more lightweight materials and advanced stamping and welding techniques in its construction to increase strength and reduce weight. The bonnet, front fenders and doors are made of aluminium and are 21 kg (46 lb) lighter, while

742-461: Is a larger variant of the standard model, with the wheelbase extended by 135 mm (5.3 in). The car's overall length is extended by 211 mm (8.3 in) to allow for a third row of seats, and roof height is increased by 38 mm (1.5 in) at the rear. The chassis is unique from the A-pillar back, while trim and engine models remain identical to the standard Qashqai. The Qashqai+2

795-668: Is branded as a Polycom unit. Polycom has since launched two new products based upon the RoundTable design – the CX5100 and the CX5500, supporting 1080p resolution video. The CX5100 is a USB only device. The CX5500 operates like the CX5100 as a 360-degree camera when plugged in to a PC running the Skype for Business client, but also can make audio VoIP calls when not plugged in to a PC. Omnidirectional camera A camera normally has

848-459: Is computationally intensive (for example using the RANSAC iterative algorithm, commonly used to solve the correspondence problem ), and depending upon the quality and consistency of the shots used, the resulting image might contain a number of deficiencies which impair the quality of the resulting image. In contrast, an omnidirectional camera can be used to create panoramic art in real time, without

901-414: Is not possible to take a complete 360-degree picture with this technique because there is always a dead angle directly behind the lens. 360-degree cameras with two lenses are probably the most common type, as they can accommodate a full 360-degree angle with two lenses facing each other. A camera takes pictures and videos with an angle of just over 180 degrees, e.g. 220 degrees. These are then converted into

954-584: The Nissan Tiida to Europe, it having already directly replaced the Almera in other markets. In 2012, the Qashqai's sixth year on sale in the UK, sales exceeded 45,000 to make it the sixth best selling car there that year. The Qashqai and Qashqai+2 (seven seat version) were available in Russia with the following gasoline powered four-cylinder engines: For Qashqai For Qashqai+2 On 13 September 2012, Nissan recalled 51,000 cars worldwide to investigate

1007-742: The Qashqai people , who live in mountainous Central and Southwestern Iran. As of 2023 , for the European and Australian market the Qashqai is positioned between the Juke and the X-Trail in Nissan's crossover SUV lineup with the latter sharing platform with the Qashqai. When the Renault–Nissan Alliance was formed in 1999, Nissan's new COO Carlos Ghosn instructed the company to transform its product portfolio in Europe. The C-segment Almera ,

1060-575: The X-Trail in the Nissan range and partially replaces the conventional Primera and the smaller Almera . It is the first model to be styled by Nissan Design Europe in London, with engineering development led by Nissan Technical Centre Europe (NTCE) in Cranfield , Bedfordshire. The Qashqai uses the same platform as the X-Trail. It received a five star Euro NCAP safety rating – the best ever adult occupant score. Five engine choices were available:

1113-448: The 1.6 dCi has a quicker 50–80 km/h (31–50 mph) acceleration figure than the 2.0 dCi. Nissan has also added its Around View Monitor as standard equipment for 360 (replaces N-tec) versions of the Qashqai and Qashqai+2. The system uses a set of external cameras to create a 360 degree "bird's eye" view of the car to help with parking manoeuvres. The driver can also focus individually on front, rear or passenger cameras to look out for

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1166-685: The 2020 model year. In July 2015, Nissan announced a smaller counterpart of the Rogue to be marketed in North America. At the 2017 North American International Auto Show in Detroit , Michigan, Nissan revealed the North American version of the Qashqai to slot between the Juke and the Rogue. For the U.S, it was known as the Rogue Sport to tie it in with the popular Rogue nameplate. In Canada,

1219-571: The Almera, and the Qashqai as a successor to the Primera. This move was seen as controversial, but in time appears to have paid off as the Qashqai has proved a major sales success in the UK, with more than 39,000 sales in 2010 making it the tenth best selling new car in Britain – the first Nissan to make the top ten in Britain since the Sunny in 1983. In 2010, Nissan was considering whether to introduce

1272-538: The Chinese market since 2015. Engine options available were 1.2-litre turbocharged petrol and 2.0-litre naturally aspirated petrol. All models are mated with Nissan's Xtronic CVT, except for the base 1.2-litre turbo variant which is mated with a six-speed manual gearbox. When the next generation Qashqai went on sale in 2023, it remained on sale alongside it as the Qashqai Classic, before being facelifted again as

1325-519: The European market, electronic stability control became standard across the range and two new exterior colours have been added. An "eco-friendly" Pure Drive variant was also introduced. A new 1.6 dCi engine replaces the previous 2.0 dCi. Peak power was down from 110 kW (148 bhp; 150 PS) to 96 kW (129 bhp; 131 PS), but there is the same 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque, available at 1750 rpm, rather than 2000 rpm. Nissan has not released full performance figures, but says

1378-630: The Qashqai Glory. Since 2014, the second-generation Qashqai was assembled in Nissan's Russian plant in Saint Petersburg in order to free up some production capacity in the UK plant and avoid import tariffs. Nissan stopped assembling Qashqai at their St. Petersburg plant from March 2022 and went on to exit the Russian market entirely, selling its factory for 1 Euro. In May 2016, South Korea 's environment ministry alleged Nissan used

1431-560: The Qashqai kept its original name. Priced below the Rogue , the Rogue Sport replaces the Rogue Select, a version of the first-generation Nissan Rogue which has been discontinued from Nissan's lineup in the United States since 2015. The Rogue Sport went on sale in the United States in the spring of 2017 for the 2017 model year. Due to the significant differences in regulation between the U.S. and Europe, Nissan's UK plant did not produce

1484-408: The Rogue Sport. Instead, the North American market Rogue Sport/Qashqai were sourced from Japan. The US-market Rogue Sport and Canadian Qashqai is powered by a 2.0-litre, 141 hp (143 PS; 105 kW) inline-four petrol engine paired with CVT. It was offered in three trim levels, which consists of S, SV, and SL. Both front-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive was offered. For the 2020 model year,

1537-670: The RoundTable product group as part of the Microsoft Greenhouse and led by GM Jeff Finan to commercialize the technology. The product launched in 2007. It used the Windows CE operating system on the main processor and other operating systems on the supporting DSP chipsets. In 2009 the Roundtable device was licensed to Polycom and rebranded as the Polycom CX5000. The device has an identical feature set but

1590-571: The UK, the first-generation Qashqai was also exported to the Middle East and other overseas markets. Nissan considered releasing the Chinese version as the CCUV (Compact Crossover Utility Vehicle). In Australia, the first-generation Qashqai carries the name Dualis from the Japanese market because Nissan worried Qashqai could be pronounced " cash cow ". The press has often used that pun to describe

1643-600: The US-market Rogue Sport and Canadian Qashqai got a refresh with a new front bumper cover and hood, new headlights and tail lights along with new alloy wheels. It went on sale in the fall of 2019. Production of the Rogue Sport ended in December 2022, making 2022 the final model year for the US. In Canada, the Qashqai continues to the 2023 model year. Dongfeng Nissan started marketing locally produced Qashqai in

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1696-736: The Year" 2014. The Dualis nameplate has been discontinued in Japan, as the second generation Qashqai is not sold there. At the time, Nissan Japan instead offers the smaller Juke , and the third-generation X-Trail. The first generation model with the Dualis nameplate was sold alongside the newer model, which has borne the Qashqai name in Australia since July 2014. Globally, it was available in 1.6-litre petrol and turbo-diesel engines, 1.5-litre turbo-diesel, 1.2-litre petrol turbocharged engine and 2.0-litre petrol engine. In September 2015, Nissan rolled

1749-425: The active speaker in a meeting, and tracked the flow of conversation in real time, switching between different meeting participants as they speak. RoundTable was a plug-and-play USB device that also functioned as a standard PSTN speakerphone. Core technology used in RoundTable was invented and originally developed by Ross Cutler and other researchers at Microsoft Research . Ross Cutler and Senthil Velayutham founded

1802-491: The first camera rigs. They are available in different versions and connect several single cameras. The cameras are placed in this cube and record the surroundings in all directions. If several "normal" cameras are combined in a network, one speaks of mosaic-based cameras. Each of these cameras records a small area of the environment. The individual images are then joined together like mosaic stones to form an omnidirectional overall image. The number of cameras to be used depends on

1855-464: The first-generation Qashqai was offered in S, SE and LE, Standard on all trims is the 2.0-litre 106 kW (142 bhp) MR20DE engine with CVT. The Qashqai was introduced to New Zealand in May 2009, initially sourced from Japan. Nissan New Zealand used the Qashqai name to distinguish the model from Dualis grey imports, which were shipped from Japan before the official release. The New Zealand spec Qashqai

1908-426: The focal length of the lenses used. The smaller the focal length, the larger the angle of view and the fewer cameras are required. Cars with omnidirectional camera include Nissan Qashqai , Volvo S90 , Range Rover , Peugeot 3008 and Kia Stinger . Traditional approaches to panoramic photography mainly consists of stitching shots taken separately into a single, continuous image. The stitching of images, however,

1961-400: The full 360° along the equator of the sphere but exclude the top and bottom. In the case that they do cover the full sphere, the captured light rays do not intersect exactly in a single focal point. Various techniques can be used to generate 360-degree images. These models are used with a fisheye lens . The lens bends the angle of the shot to take a larger radius of the selected subject. It

2014-712: The infotainment system uses Google built-in services, an updated Around View Monitor feature with a front camera viewing angle of 200-degrees, and a new Driver Assist Custom Mode feature allows drivers to preference certain safety features. There is a new N-Design grade for the facelifted range. The UK-made Qashqai in its most basic Latin American market configuration with 6 airbags, airbag switch, load limiters, UN127, ESC , ISA , and full SBR received 5 stars from Latin NCAP in 2022 under its new protocol (similar to Euro NCAP 2014). Nissan does not provide exact sales figures for

2067-480: The line between the professional and consumer market. Nissan Qashqai The Nissan Qashqai ( / ˈ k æ ʃ k aɪ / ) is a compact crossover SUV ( C-segment ) designed and produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Nissan since 2006. The first generation of the vehicle was sold as the Nissan Dualis ( Japanese : 日産・デュアリス , Hepburn : Nissan Dyuarisu ) in Japan and Australia, and Qashqai in

2120-400: The lower cargo floor and redesigned suspension. The base engine option is the mild hybrid 1.3-litre four-cylinder DIG-T turbocharged petrol engine which makes 138 hp (140 PS; 103 kW) at 5500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft) at 1500–3500 rpm and 157 hp (159 PS; 117 kW) with 270 N⋅m (199 lbf⋅ft) at 1800–3500 rpm. It is paired to either

2173-860: The main subject in mind. Applications of omnidirectional cameras also include 3D reconstruction and surveillance, when it is important to cover as large a visual field as possible. Microsoft RoundTable was introduced in 2007 for videoconferencing , where all participants on one location can be in the same image. Several implementations of omnidirectional (360-degree) cameras exist, including two opposing fisheye lens configurations and cameras with more than 30 separate lenses. There have been fly-by-night companies that have produced prototypes and collected 'backers' on Kickstarter but have not delivered to end-users. More established 360-camera manufacturers currently actively producing and supporting hardware as of March 2020 include: Frequent new models and quality improvements in consumer-marketed 360-cameras are blurring

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2226-471: The need for post processing, and will typically give much better quality products. In 2015 Facebook began rolling out omnidirectional videos where the user can view the video at any arbitrary camera angle around a 360-degree radius and limited tilt up-and-down angles. In robotics, omnidirectional cameras are frequently used for visual odometry and to solve simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problems visually. Due to its ability to capture

2279-429: The only one that failed the tests. In the UK, the Qashqai diesel model was found to emit up to 18 times more nitrogen oxides than the official EU lab-based test allowed. The third-generation Qashqai was announced and released on 18 February 2021. The vehicle is slightly larger than before, being 35 mm (1.4 in) longer, 32 mm (1.3 in) wider and 25 mm (1.0 in) taller, while its wheelbase

2332-550: The plant in Sunderland , England, since December 2006, occupying the production line previously occupied by the Nissan Primera on Line 1 and a percentage of Almera from line 2. Its launch coincided with the withdrawal of the Primera from the UK market due to low sales. This left Nissan with no direct successor to the Almera or Primera on the UK market, with the "supermini MPV" Note being sold as an indirect successor to

2385-461: The production Qashqai in 2006. First unveiled as a concept vehicle at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show , the first-generation Qashqai was globally presented at the 2006 Paris Motor Show . It went on sale in February 2007, and Nissan aimed for more than 100,000 sales a year. Codenamed P32L, Nissan said the car would cater to buyers who want a more dynamic design, but are not attracted to the large, traditionally upright nature of an SUV. The car slots below

2438-401: The rest of the world. The second generation, launched in late-2013 for the 2014 model year , was not sold in Japan and was badged as the Qashqai in all countries it was sold, except in the United States, where it was rebadged as the Nissan Rogue Sport . Since the third and latest generation model launched in 2021, the Qashqai is available with hybrid powertrains. Nissan named the vehicle after

2491-724: The sales success of the model. The Qashqai has been built at the Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK (NMUK) plant in Sunderland , Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom, since December 2006. It occupied the production line previously used to assemble the Primera on Line 1 and a percentage of Almera from line 2. Production of the Qashqai+2, a seven-seat model, began at the UK plant in July 2008. Launched in October 2008, it

2544-474: The tailgate is made from composites and saves 2.3 kg (5.1 lb). For better visibility, Nissan engineered a thinner A-pillar design and the mounting of the wing mirrors on the doors instead of the A-pillar. Rear knee room for passengers has grown by 28 mm (1.1 in) to 608 mm (23.9 in), while headroom has increased by 15 mm (0.6 in). The boot is also 50 litres larger due to

2597-447: The throwing camera, Panono . It has 36 cameras, which are triggered at the same time at the highest point, if the camera was thrown into the air. The more lenses are installed in the camera, the more difficult it becomes for the software to combine the individual images, however, the possible stitching problems are less with a good stitching. Camera rigs are mostly used for the attachment of 6 conventional Actioncams. GoPro produced one of

2650-581: Was discontinued in 2013, and replaced by the T32 X-Trail with a seven-seat configuration. In December 2009, Nissan announced a refreshed version of the first-generation Qashqai, which went on sale in March 2010. The model's front end has been completely restyled, while the rear now includes LED tail lights. Modifications to the interior include a new instrument panel layout for the vehicle's drive computer, better soundproofing and minor storage additions. In

2703-536: Was done by Nissan's European Technical Centre (NTCE), a design proposal was put forward by Nissan Design Europe (NDE), which became the 2004 Qashqai concept. During final development, Nissan decided the Qashqai would serve as a replacement for both the Almera in the C-segment and Primera in the D-segment. Nissan selected Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK as its manufacturing plant for the European market and presented

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2756-431: Was required. The development team eventually proposed the idea of a "mini- Murano " type of vehicle smaller than the X-Trail that would be positioned to compete with C-segment hatchback and saloons. The development was focused on creating a European-oriented vehicle with the desirability, practicality and versatility of an SUV but with the size, driving dynamics and running costs of a family hatchback. While engineering work

2809-517: Was then sourced from the UK plant from August 2009. As of 2016 the range consisted of three specification levels: ST, ST-L and Ti, all with 2WD 2.0L MR20DE CVT. A TS model (1.6 diesel) was also available. The Qashqai+2 was added to the range in July 2010 but discontinued with the new model launch in 2014. The updated X-Trail (Rogue in United States), released at about the same time, became the only seven-seater option. The Qashqai has been made at

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