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40-512: A Millennium Library may be: Millennium Library (Winnipeg) A library designation given by the White House Millennium Council Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Millennium Library . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

80-584: A light therapy lamp; and the "Richardson Reading Terrace." Fourth floor ( Information Services ) The fourth floor includes: Millennium Library Park is the park and plaza that sits alongside the Millennium Library. Finished 2012, the park underwent a $ 4.3-million reconstruction. The rebuilt plaza has an artificial wetland aerated by a pair of windmills, a wooden walkway built out of sustainably-farmed wood, birch trees planted in deep pots, two new pieces of public art, and low fences and

120-531: A four-storey high solar glass wall, positioned alongside a new grand staircase, along with two new glass elevators, and a passive solar wall on the southeast face of the building. The design of the library won the Canadian Architect magazine Award of Excellence for 2004, the first design of a Winnipeg building to ever receive the award. The Millennium Library opened on 8 November 2005 after $ 18 million of renovations were constructed over

160-630: A local history room, public art, information displays, a grand staircase, as well as access to the Winnipeg Walkway system. The Best of Friends Gift Shop is also situated within the building. In May 1968, Mayor Stephen Juba proposed that a new Centennial Library be built by 1970 to honour Manitoba's 100th birthday and to replace the Carnegie -funded main branch of the Winnipeg Public Library at 380 William Avenue (now

200-415: A metal roof facing the sky will be colder than the surrounding air temperature. Collectors can take advantage of this cooling phenomena. As warm night air touches the cooler surface of a transpired collector, heat is transferred to the metal, radiated to the sky and the cooled air is then drawn in through the perforated surface. Cool air may then be drawn into HVAC units. See also By drawing air through

240-506: A raised floor. The park now features five distinct outdoor zones: When the Millennium Library reopened, there was no money left in the budget to rebuild the park. Work on the park could not commence until a membrane was built over the parkade below it. Rebuilding the plaza itself was funded equally by all three levels of government. The Winnipeg Arts Council arranged financing for the two pieces of public art: Sentinel Of Truth and emptyful. Reconstruction costs: The redevelopment plan

280-401: A simple and effective collector can be made for a variety of air conditioning and process applications. A simple solar air collector consists of an absorber material, sometimes having a selective surface , to capture radiation from the sun and transfers this thermal energy to air via conduction heat transfer. This heated air is then ducted to the building space or to the process area where

320-434: A solar collector and then passed over a medium to be dried can provide an efficient means by which to reduce the moisture content of the material. Radiation cooling to the night sky is based on the principle of heat loss by long-wave radiation from a warm surface (roof) to another body at a lower temperature (sky). On a clear night, a typical sky-facing surface can cool at a rate of about 75 W/m2 (25 BTU/hr/ft2) This means that

360-521: A two-year period. The work was completed a year late and $ 4 million over budget. In 2013, Toronto-Dominion Bank presented a $ 150,000 gift to be used towards renovations of Millennium Library's TD New and Noted area. The renovations included open-concept space, as well as direct access to Millennium Library Park. First floor ( Reader Services ) The first floor includes the following areas: The first floor also includes memberships; check-ins; returns, holds, and checkout (including self-checkout);

400-462: Is 25 C); and it decreases the total energy payback period associated with the combined system because the heat energy is captured and used to offset conventional heating. Functioning in a similar manner as a conventional forced air furnace, systems provide heat by recirculating conditioned building air through solar collectors . Through the use of an energy collecting surface to absorb the sun’s thermal energy, and ducting air to come in contact with it,

440-409: Is not a suitable south facing wall or for other architectural considerations. A number of companies offer transpired air collectors suitable for roof mounting either mounted directly onto a sloped metal roof or as modules affixed to ducts and connected to nearby fans and HVAC units. Higher temperatures are also possible with transpired collectors which can be configured to heat the air twice to increase

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480-442: Is space heating and industrial process heating. Solar air collectors can be divided into two categories: Solar collectors for air heat may be classified by their air distribution paths or by their materials, such as glazed or unglazed. For example: The term "unglazed air collector" refers to a solar air heating system that consists of an absorber without any glass or glazing over top. The most common type of unglazed collector on

520-475: Is to recover heat from the photovoltaic (PV) modules (which is often four times more than the electrical energy produced by the PV module) by mounting the PV modules onto the solar air system. In cases where there is a heating requirement, incorporating a solar air component into the PV system provides two technical advantages; it removes the PV heat and allows the PV system to operate closer to its rated efficiency (which

560-485: The Winnipeg Police Service and the head of the Winnipeg Public Library . In early 2019 the staff of the library felt that they needed to increase the level of security, to protect both the staff who provide assistance and for patrons who are there to study. Measures were taken, where weapons and liquor were held by a private security firm and could be collected after the library visitor had left. When

600-637: The Aboriginal Reading-in-the-Round; express computers; a Winnipeg Transit kiosk; and a security desk. Second floor ( Special Services ) The second floor includes: The second floor also houses the Winnipeg Library Foundation and connects to the Winnipeg Skywalk . Third floor ( Micromedia Services ) The third floor includes: newspapers and microfilm ; a study room; book sales;

640-540: The City of Winnipeg Archives). A plan was put in place to relocate the main branch on Graham Avenue between Smith and Donald Streets, on the site of Columbus Hall (Aragon Building) where Bell Drugs, Rainbow Dance Gardens, and J's Discotheque were located. In March 1969, the city announced that it wanted to purchase the land between Graham & St. Mary and Smith & Donald for $ 1.75 million. In December 1973, Ward, MacDonald, Cockburn, McLeod and McFeetors were selected as

680-399: The air is directed on either the back, the front, or on both sides of the absorber to be heated from the return to the supply ducting headers. Although passing the air on both sides of the absorber will provide a greater surface area for conductive heat transfer, issues with dust (fouling) can arise from passing air on the front side of the absorber which reduces absorber efficiency by limiting

720-575: The amount of sunlight received. In cold climates, air passing next to the glazing will additionally cause greater heat loss, resulting in lower overall performance of the collector. A variety of applications can utilize solar air heat technologies to reduce the carbon footprint from use of conventional heat sources, such as fossil fuels , to create a sustainable means to produce thermal energy. Applications such as space heating , greenhouse season extension, pre-heating ventilation makeup air, or process heat can be addressed by solar air heat devices. In

760-460: The architectural firm to design the new library, while the construction tender was awarded to Poole Construction Ltd. (now PCL). While the original cost of the project—including the library and underground parking—was estimated at $ 8,478,462, that figure had risen to $ 9 million by the end, for which the province chipped in $ 900,000. A sod-turning ceremony to commence construction was held on 20 December 1974, with actual construction beginning in

800-416: The building envelope or from the outdoor environment and passing it through the collector where the air warms via conduction from the absorber and is then supplied to the living or working space by either passive means or with the assistance of a fan. Solar air heat can also be used in process applications such as drying laundry, crops (i.e. tea, corn, coffee) and other drying applications. Air heated through

840-723: The building. The first unglazed transpired collector in the world was installed by Ford Motor Company on their assembly plant in Oakville, Canada. With the increasing drive to install renewable energy systems on buildings, transpired solar collectors are now used across the entire building stock because of high energy production (up to 500-600 peak thermal Watts/square metre), high solar conversion (up to 90%) and lower capital costs when compared against solar photovoltaic and solar water heating . Unglazed air collectors heat ambient (outside) air instead of recirculated building air. Transpired solar collectors are usually wall-mounted to capture

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880-487: The conductive properties of the material and the convective properties of the moving air. Through-pass absorbers have the most surface area which enables relatively high conductive heat transfer rates, but significant pressure drop can require greater fan power, and deterioration of certain absorber material after many years of solar radiation exposure can additionally create problems with air quality and performance. In back-pass, front-pass, and combination type configurations

920-505: The conventional heating load and that RETScreen is an accurate predictor of system performance. Transpired solar collectors act as a rainscreen and they also capture heat loss escaping from the building envelope which is collected in the collector air cavity and drawn back into the ventilation system. There is no maintenance required with solar air heating systems and the expected lifespan is over 30 years. Unglazed transpired collectors can also be roof-mounted for applications in which there

960-441: The energy from the sun, insolation , is captured by an absorbing medium and used to heat air. Solar air heating is a renewable energy heating technology used to heat or condition air for buildings or process heat applications. It is typically the most cost-effective out of all the solar technologies, especially in commercial and industrial applications, and it addresses the largest usage of building energy in heating climates, which

1000-404: The exterior panels. This solar heated ventilation air is drawn into the building’s ventilation system from air outlets positioned along the top of the collector and the air is then distributed in the building via conventional means or using a solar ducting system. The extensive monitoring by Natural Resources Canada and NREL has shown that transpired solar collector systems reduce between 10-50% of

1040-580: The feasibility tool RETScreen to model the energy savings from transpired solar collectors. John Hollick and the transpired solar collector were honored by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 2014 as being one of the best inventions of the industrialized age, alongside Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, the steam engine and the Panama Canal – in a New York exhibition recognizing the best inventions, inventors and engineering feats of

1080-423: The field of ‘solar co-generation’ solar thermal technologies are paired with photovoltaics (PV) to increase the efficiency of the system by cooling the PV panels to improve their electrical performance while simultaneously warming air for space heating. Space heating for residential and commercial applications can be done through the use of solar air heating panels. This configuration operates by drawing air from

1120-430: The following March. The new library would have room for 600,000 books within its space of 350,000 square feet. The 550-vehicle underground parkade opened first, in early December 1976. Winnipeg Public Library's Central branch (380 William Ave) closed on 21 February 1977 and its Downtown branch (408 Portage Ave) closed February 25 allowing materials to be moved over to the new Centennial Library. The Centennial Library

1160-419: The fountain is illuminated in blue, green and purples hues. During the winter, when the water elements are not operational, the artwork is lit up with reds, oranges and yellows. Security issues at the Millennium Library have increased since 1989 and have been an increasing problem since. Numerous incidents involving aggressive visitors to the library, some involving weapons, open liquor have been documented by

1200-466: The heated air is used for space heating or process heating needs. The pioneering figure for this type of system was George Löf , who built solar heated air system for a house in Boulder, Colorado, in 1945. He later included a gravel bed for heat storage. In the through-pass configuration, air ducted onto one side of the absorber passes through a perforated or fibrous type material and is heated from

1240-438: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millennium_Library&oldid=1121330518 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Millennium Library (Winnipeg) The four-storey, 17,600-square-metre (189,000 sq ft) library boasts

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1280-480: The library parkade in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Started in 2003 and completed in 2005, the $ 21-million redevelopment of the Centennial Library involved the addition of 3,700 square metres (40,000 sq ft) of new space, construction of a new fourth floor, and renovations throughout the existing 10,000-square-metre (110,000 sq ft) library. The library now features a new Reading Terrace with

1320-460: The lower sun angle in the winter heating months as well as sun reflection off the snow and achieve their optimum performance and return on investment when operating at flow rates of between 4 and 8 CFM per square foot (72 to 144 m3/h.m2) of collector area. The exterior surface of a transpired solar collector consists of thousands of tiny micro-perforations that allow the boundary layer of heat to be captured and uniformly drawn into an air cavity behind

1360-433: The market is the transpired solar collector. This technology was invented and patented by Canadian engineer John Hollick of Conserval Engineering Inc. in the 1990s, who worked with the U.S. Department of Energy ( NREL ) and Natural Resources Canada on the commercialization of the technology around the world. The technology has been extensively monitored by these government agencies, and Natural Resources Canada developed

1400-431: The new security protocol came into effect on 28 February 2019, a group of university students had created an ad-hoc group, opposing the changes, saying it invades patrons' privacy. The library reported in early September 2019 that the new security measures had the intended effect of decreasing the numbers of aggressive patrons who bring in weapons and/or alcohol. However, it has also had the unintended effect of decreasing

1440-423: The numbers of legitimate patrons who are there to study. In February 2020, musician John K. Samson wrote and released "Millennium for All", a song supporting the activist campaign against the security restrictions. In December 2022, a man was fatally stabbed at the library, with the library being temporarily closed as a result. Solar Wall Solar air heating is a solar thermal technology in which

1480-450: The past two centuries. Several thousand transpired solar collector systems have been installed in a variety of commercial, industrial, institutional, agricultural, and process applications in over 35 countries around the world. The technology was originally used primarily in industrial applications such as manufacturing and assembly plants where there were high ventilation requirements, stratified ceiling heat, and often negative pressure in

1520-410: The temperature rise making it suitable for space heating of larger buildings. In a 2-stage system, the first stage is the typical unglazed transpired collector and the second stage has glazing covering the transpired collector. The glazing allows all of that heated air from the first stage to be directed through a second set of transpired collectors for a second stage of solar heating. Another innovation

1560-601: Was officially opened to the public on 16 May 1977, four months later than originally calculated, due to a construction strike and winter work conditions. Fifty-five hundred people visited on opening day, and 5,188 books and magazines were checked out. Councillor Al Ducharme (ICEC - St. Vital) greeted members of the public and borrowed the first book at the new library. Prior to 2003, the Library has undergone interior alterations in 1985, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996; as well as interior and exterior changes to

1600-625: Was spearheaded by the Winnipeg Library Foundation . The following public art installations are viewable in and around the Millennium Library: "emptyful", the erlenmeyer flask-shaped fountain, is the most expensive piece of public art in Winnipeg history. It is illuminated by four bands of LED lights at night and uses both water and fog. During the summer, when the fog and water elements will be operational,

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