43-403: The Minneapolis sound is a subgenre of funk rock that incorporates elements of new wave and synth-pop . Started at Sound 80 with tracks like Funkytown by Lipps, Inc and pioneered by Minneapolis -based musician Prince and André Cymone beginning in the late 1970s, the musical style's heyday extended through the late 1980s. The style was often heard at city clubs like First Avenue and
86-536: A single coil pickup similar to that of a Telecaster . By 1957 the Precision more closely resembled the Fender Stratocaster with the body edges beveled for comfort, and the pickup was changed to a split coil design. The Fender Bass was a revolutionary instrument for gigging musicians. In comparison with the large, heavy upright bass , which had been the main bass instrument in popular music from
129-415: A 30-inch (762 mm) scale-length instrument. The Fender VI , a 6-string bass, was tuned one octave lower than standard guitar tuning. It was released in 1961, and was briefly favored by Jack Bruce of Cream . Gibson introduced its short-scale 30.5-inch (775 mm) EB-3 in 1961, also used by Bruce. The EB-3 had a "mini-humbucker" at the bridge position. Gibson basses tended to be instruments with
172-426: A house where we all lived and we named it 'Funk Rock, Georgia '. We felt that we were headlining that whole genre. We played with Lynyrd Skynyrd and AC/DC . Those bands had a lot of funk in their music. The real problem for us was when we played in black clubs. They told us we were too loud." Funk rock acts were not favored by R&B recording companies. For example, Nile Rogers, guitarists of Chic , wanted to be
215-434: A hybrid between the two. Coated strings have their surface coated with a synthetic layer while tapewound strings feature a metal core with a non-metallic winding. Taperwound strings have a tapered end where the exposed core sits on the bridge saddle without windings. The choice of winding has considerable impact on the sound of the instrument, with certain winding styles often being preferred for certain musical genres. In
258-629: A new backing band, 3rdeyegirl . Their brand of funk rock was featured on their 2014 release, Plectrumelectrum . Bass guitar The bass guitar , electric bass or simply bass ( / b eɪ s / ) is the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or acoustic guitar , but with a longer neck and scale length . The bass guitar most commonly has four strings, though five- and six-stringed models are also relatively popular, and bass guitars with even more (or fewer) strings or courses have been built. Since
301-704: A rock band like Roxy Music , but they eventually became a disco act after being turned down by recording companies. Despite its considerable influence on later popular music, funk rock was not a very visible phenomenon during the 1970s. Only a few funk rock acts could be seen on record charts, notably David Bowie (" Fame ", 1975), Aerosmith (" Last Child ", 1976), The Rolling Stones (" Hot Stuff ", 1975), Gary Wright (" Love Is Alive ", 1976) and Steve Winwood ("I'm A Man"). When Glenn Hughes left Trapeze and joined Deep Purple along with David Coverdale , Deep Purple's next two albums contained elements of funk and soul. When Ritchie Blackmore left Deep Purple in 1975,
344-985: A shorter 30.5" scale length than the Precision. Gibson did not produce a 34-inch (864 mm)-scale bass until 1963 with the release of the Thunderbird . The first commercial fretless bass guitar was the Ampeg AUB-1, introduced in 1966. In the late 1960s, eight-string basses, with four octave paired courses (similar to a 12 string guitar), were introduced, such as the Hagström H8. In 1972, Alembic established what became known as "boutique" or "high-end" electric bass guitars. These expensive, custom-tailored instruments, as used by Phil Lesh , Jack Casady , and Stanley Clarke , featured unique designs, premium hand-finished wood bodies, and innovative construction techniques such as multi-laminate neck-through-body construction and graphite necks. Alembic also pioneered
387-527: A single pickup . Around 100 were made during this period. Audiovox also sold their "Model 236" bass amplifier. In the 1950s, Leo Fender and George Fullerton developed the first mass-produced electric bass guitar. The Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company began producing the Precision Bass , or P-Bass, in October 1951. The design featured a simple uncontoured "slab" body design and
430-486: Is one of the most prominent musicians today in the fusion of rock riffs and funk rhythms, as exampled in tracks such as "Tunnel Vision", " Always on the Run ", and " American Woman ". Rock band Incubus 's early sound was rooted in funk music, heavily influenced by earlier funk/metal fusion artists such as Faith No More and Primus . During the making of his acclaimed studio album Voodoo (2000), neo soul musician D'Angelo
473-487: Is shaped by a definitive bass or drum beat and by electric guitars . Sly and the Family Stone gained funk rock hits such as "Sing a Simple Song" and "Thank You". The Jimi Hendrix Experience album Electric Ladyland also included a couple of funk rock songs, such as "Gypsy Eyes" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming". George Clinton has been considered the godfather of this genre since 1970. Clinton created
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#1732790871692516-410: Is termed a fretless bass . The scale of a bass is defined as the length of the freely oscillating strings between the nut and the bridge saddles. On a modern 4-string bass guitar, 30" (76 cm) or less is considered short scale, 32" (81 cm) medium scale, 34" (86 cm) standard or long scale and 35" (89 cm) extra-long scale. Bass pickups are generally attached to the body of the guitar and located beneath
559-656: Is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest-pitched strings of a guitar (typically E , A , D , and G ). It is played primarily with the fingers or thumb, or with a pick . The electric bass guitar is acoustically a relatively quiet instrument, so to be heard at a practical performance volume, it requires external amplification . It can also be used in conjunction with direct input boxes , audio interfaces, mixing consoles, computers, or bass effects processors that offer headphone jacks. The majority of bass pickup systems are electromagnetic in nature. According to
602-635: The Average White Band , Gary Wright , Black Merda , Bar-Kays , Edwin Birdsong , Betty Davis , Trapeze and Mother's Finest . During the 1980s and 1990s funk rock music experienced a surge in popularity, with bands such as Prince & The Revolution , Tom Tom Club , Pigbag , INXS , Talking Heads , Devo , the Fine Young Cannibals and Cameo dabbling in the sound. Groups including Red Hot Chili Peppers , Rage Against
645-592: The Fender Jazz Bass , initially known as the "Deluxe Bass", used a body design known as an offset waist which was first seen on the Jazzmaster guitar in an effort to improve comfort while playing seated. The Jazz bass, or J-Bass, features two single-coil pickups. Providing a more "Gibson-scale" instrument, rather than the 34-inch (864 mm) Jazz and Precision, Fender produced the Mustang Bass ,
688-571: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , an "Electric bass guitar, usually with four heavy strings tuned E 1 '–A 1 '–D 2 –G 2 ." It also defines bass as "Bass (iv). A contraction of Double bass or Electric bass guitar." According to some authors the proper term is "electric bass". Common names for the instrument are "bass guitar", "electric bass guitar", and "electric bass" and some authors claim that they are historically accurate. A bass guitar whose neck lacks frets
731-456: The StingRay , the first widely produced bass with active (powered) electronics built into the instrument. Basses with active electronics can include a preamplifier and knobs for boosting and cutting the low and high frequencies. In the mid-1970s, five-string basses, with a very low "B" string, were introduced. In 1975, bassist Anthony Jackson commissioned luthier Carl Thompson to build
774-409: The "Beatle bass". In 1957, Rickenbacker introduced the model 4000, the first bass to feature a neck-through -body design in which the neck is part of the body wood. The Burns London Supersound was introduced in 1958. With the explosion in popularity of rock music in the 1960s, many more manufacturers began making electric basses, including Yamaha , Teisco and Guyatone . Introduced in 1960,
817-404: The 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc of Seattle , Washington, developed the first electric bass guitar in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be played horizontally. The 1935 sales catalog for Tutmarc's company Audiovox featured his "Model 736 Bass Fiddle", a solid-bodied electric bass guitar with four strings, a 30 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch (775-millimetre) scale length, and
860-569: The 1950s. Kay Musical Instrument Company began production of the K162 in 1952, while Danelectro released the Longhorn in 1956. Also in 1956, at the German trade fair "Musikmesse Frankfurt" the distinctive Höfner 500/1 violin-shaped bass first appeared, constructed using violin techniques by Walter Höfner , a second-generation violin luthier. Due to its use by Paul McCartney , it became known as
903-521: The 2000s, Red Hot Chili Peppers , N.E.R.D. Electric Six, and Lenny Kravitz released funk rock albums. In 2005 Defiance Douglass, a vocalist, musician, songwriter and producer, formed Exiles of the Nation (also known as EOTN) in Atlanta, Georgia, with a new brand of art/psychedelic Funk/Rock titled "ExileMusik", which incorporates elements of other genres as well. Their 2021 album, "Liquidation", also made
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#1732790871692946-579: The Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, and many early pioneers of the instrument, such as Carol Kaye , Joe Osborn , and Paul McCartney were originally guitarists. Also in 1953, Gibson released the first short-scale violin -shaped electric bass, the EB-1, with an extendable end pin so a bassist could play it upright or horizontally. In 1958, Gibson released
989-469: The Machine , Incubus , Mr. Bungle , Primus and Faith No More also notably combined funk rock with metal , punk , hip hop and experimental music, leading to the emergence of the genre known as funk metal or "punk-funk". Funk rock is a fusion of funk music and rock music also from the point of view of instrumentation, in fact it incorporates that of both genres into itself, and the overall sound
1032-567: The Machine. Also singer-model Betty Davis recorded funk rock albums. Composer and guitarist Frank Zappa demonstrated the merge of styles in albums like Overnite Sensation , in themes such as " I'm the Slime ", covered in concert decades later by Funkadelic. Other pioneers evolved in the 1970s are American artists Rick Derringer , Redbone , The Bar-Kays , and Mother's Finest . "We called ourselves funk rock", recalled Mother's Finest singer Glenn "Doc" Murdock. "I think we invented that. We even had
1075-530: The Top 10 of several "Best of 2021 Funk Albums" lists. The wave of Britpop/ baggy revival bands in the 2010s, such as Peace , also experimented with funk. Peace's second album Happy People features numerous elements of funk, mainly in terms of bass lines. In 2010, a group called I Set The Sea On Fire formed in Sheffield, incorporating elements of funk and other genres into their music. In 2014, Prince formed
1118-458: The band's next album Come Taste the Band with Tommy Bolin was even more funky than its predecessor Stormbringer . However, Deep Purple broke up in 1976 and Tommy Bolin died from a drug overdose. The funk rock genre's representatives from the 1980s to present day include INXS , Tom Tom Club , Pigbag , Cameo , the Fine Young Cannibals , Fishbone , Billy Squier and Living Colour . From
1161-596: The basic funk beats along with elements of new wave which makes this a basic synth-funk song. Prince , The Time , Morris Day , Jesse Johnson , Alexander O'Neal , Andre Cymone , The Family (USA), St. Paul Peterson , Apollonia 6 , Vanity 6 , Sheila E., and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis recorded soul, R&B, funk, rock and Minneapolis sound . Red Hot Chili Peppers 's second and third albums (which were released 1985 and 1987). UK Planet Radio called Red Hot Chili Peppers "funk rock legends". Keziah Jones, Seal, and Stevie Salas released funk rock albums. And in
1204-449: The core. Bass guitar strings vary by the material and cross-sectional shape of the winding. Common variants include roundwound, flatwound, halfwound (groundwound), coated, tapewound and taperwound (not to be confused with tapewound) strings. Roundwound and flatwound strings feature windings with circular and rounded-square cross-sections, respectively, with halfround (also referred to as halfwound, ground wound, pressure wound) strings being
1247-458: The early 1990s, several bands combined funky rhythms with heavy metal guitar sounds, resulting in " funk metal ", where the emphasis is in using much heavier distorted guitar sounds in the mix. Funk rock employs more of a lighter, "crunchier" distorted guitar sound, and the musical emphasis tends to be more beat-driven with prominent bass lines; more rhythmic in the R&;B sense. Lenny Kravitz
1290-424: The early 20th century to the 1940s, the bass guitar could be easily transported to shows. When amplified, the bass guitar was also less prone than acoustic basses to unwanted audio feedback . The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in tune more easily than on fretless acoustic or electric upright basses , and allowed guitarists to more easily transition to the instrument. In 1953, Monk Montgomery became
1333-613: The first bassist to tour with the Fender bass, in Lionel Hampton 's postwar big band . Montgomery was also possibly the first to record with the electric bass, on July 2, 1953, with the Art Farmer Septet . Roy Johnson (with Lionel Hampton), and Shifty Henry (with Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five ), were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black , who played with Elvis Presley , switched from upright bass to
Minneapolis sound - Misplaced Pages Continue
1376-474: The funk in the rock and roll beat, with a biographer stating that their music "spark[ed] the musical transition from fifties rock and roll to sixties funk". Funk rock's earliest incarnation on record was heard in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s by acts such as Sly and the Family Stone , Parliament-Funkadelic , The Isley Brothers , Redbone , Rick Derringer , David Bowie , The Chambers Brothers , Cold Blood , Shuggie Otis , Aerosmith , Wild Cherry ,
1419-613: The group include Cosmic Slop , Standing on the Verge of Getting It On , Hardcore Jollies and Let's Take It to the Stage . Later albums such as One Nation Under a Groove and Electric Spanking of War Babies had a bit more radio-friendly sound but still preserved much of group's funk rock approach. Grand Funk Railroad pioneered the bass driven hard rock funk style in 1970 so well portrayed in their cover of The Animals song Inside-Looking Out and later picked up by Rage Against
1462-453: The late 1990s, Vermont-based jam band Phish began incorporating funk influences into their sound, creating a style dubbed "cow funk". This style can be heard prominently on their 1998 release, The Story of the Ghost . Some Britpop bands also experimented with funk, mainly in terms of bass lines, including Blur 's song " Girls & Boys ", from the album Parklife (1994). During
1505-612: The maple arched-top EB-2 described in the Gibson catalog as a "hollow-body electric bass that features a Bass/Baritone pushbutton for two different tonal characteristics". In 1959, these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass . The EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance (although the earliest examples have a slab-sided body shape closer to that of the double-cutaway Les Paul Special). The Fender and Gibson versions used bolt-on and set necks. Several other companies also began manufacturing bass guitars during
1548-474: The mid-1950s, the bass guitar has largely come to replace the double bass in popular music due to its lighter weight, the inclusion of frets (for easier intonation ) in most models, and, most importantly, its design for electric amplification. This is also because the double bass is acoustically compromised for its range (like the viola ) in that it is scaled down from the optimal size that would be appropriate for those low notes. The four-string bass guitar
1591-446: The name " P-Funk " include Funkadelic and Parliament for the innovative new concepts of funk that he culled from former members of James Brown 's band (such as Maceo Parker , Bootsy Collins and Fred Wesley) and new young players such as Eddie Hazel . His groups, Funkadelic and Parliament , practically defined funk since the release of the influential funk rock Funkadelic classic Maggot Brain (1971). Later funk rock albums by
1634-531: The next two decades' worth of electro, house, and techno." While the Minneapolis sound incorporates many of funk 's quintessential elements, it bears several distinguishing characteristics: Funk rock Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock . James Brown and others declared that Little Richard and his mid-1950s road band, the Upsetters , were the first to put
1677-566: The start of the 1980s, funk musicians Ricky Sander, Ottenheim James, and Cameo as well as new wave band Blondie and post-punk band Talking Heads each created their own brand of funk rock. British rock group Queen had a major funk rock hit song of the period with " Another One Bites the Dust " (the beat was inspired by Chic's hit "Good Times"). Also in the 1980s, some synth-funk and synth-pop bands such as Thomas Dolby, Scritti Politti , Howard Jones (hit with Things Can Only Get Better ) made
1720-408: The strings. They are responsible for converting the vibrations of the strings into analogous electrical signals, which are in turn passed as input to an instrument amplifier . Bass guitar strings are composed of a core and winding . The core is a wire which runs through the center of the string and is generally made of steel, nickel, or an alloy . The winding is an additional wire wrapped around
1763-618: The use of onboard electronics for pre-amplification and equalization. Active electronics increase the output of the instrument, and allow more options for controlling tonal flexibility, giving the player the ability to amplify as well as to attenuate certain frequency ranges while improving the overall frequency response (including more low-register and high-register sounds). 1976 saw the UK company Wal begin production of their own range of active basses. In 1974 Music Man Instruments, founded by Tom Walker, Forrest White and Leo Fender , introduced
Minneapolis sound - Misplaced Pages Continue
1806-703: Was exemplified by Prince-affiliated acts, including the Time , Vanity 6 , Apollonia 6 , Sheila E. , the Family , Wendy & Lisa , Brownmark , Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , Morris Day , and Jesse Johnson . and by acts neither affiliated with Prince nor native to Minneapolis, such as Flint, Michigan 's Ready for the World . According to the Rolling Stone Album Guide , "the Minneapolis sound... loomed over mid-'80s R&B and pop, not to mention
1849-522: Was influenced by the funk rock sound of P-Funk , Jimi Hendrix and other such artists, while his hit single " Untitled (How Does It Feel) " has been noted by critics for containing elements of and similarity to the Maggot Brain sound of Funkadelic . Jane's Addiction have included many funk based routines in tracks. Irish band Republic of Loose are also noted for their funk rock sound which has earned them several awards and critical acclaim. In
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