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40-424: For other uses, see Minnie (disambiguation) . As a first name, Minnie is a feminine given name. It can be a diminutive ( hypocorism ) of Minerva , Winifred , Wilhelmina , Willemina , Winona , Margaret , Hermione , Jasmine , Mary , Miriam , Maria , Marie , Minerva , Naomi , Miranda , Clementine , Dominique, Dominic, or Amelia . It may refer to: People with

80-445: A 2011 novel by Chinese-born writer and Boston University professor Ha Jin , Ha writes from the perspective of a fictionalized assistant to Vautrin named Anling Gao. Minnie Vautrin's diaries provided inspiration for the novella 13 Flowers of Nanjing written by Geling Yan , which was the basis for the 2011 film The Flowers of War ( Chinese : 金陵十三釵 ; pinyin : Jīnlíng Shísān Chāi ), directed by Zhang Yimou . Novels about

120-652: A brief visit to her family in America, the Chinese Nationalist government 's Northern Expedition troops under General Chiang Kai-shek captured Nanjing. While in Nanjing, the army perpetrated the Nanking Incident , which involved the destruction and looting of the city and the slaughter of native citizens as well as foreigners. Ginling College was not harmed during the looting, and Vautrin hid in

160-495: A truck passed in which there were eight or ten girls, and as it passed they called out "救命！救命！ Jiuming! Jiuming!"—save our lives. The occasional shots that we hear out on the hills, or on the street, make us realize the sad fate of some man—very probably not a soldier. On 19 December: In my wrath, I wished I had the power to smite them for their dastardly work. How ashamed women of Japan would be if they knew these tales of horror. In 1938, she wrote in her diary that she had to go to

200-549: Is a museum built by the Nanjing Municipal Government to memorialize the 300,000 victims of the Nanjing massacre, the survivors, and those who tried to protect the people of Nanjing during the atrocity. In the museum, there is a memorial to Minnie Vautrin. Additionally, there is a statue of Vautrin in Jinling Women's College , among memorials to the other non-Chinese individuals who helped to protect

240-563: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Minnie (disambiguation) Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 573216125 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:48:04 GMT Minnie Vautrin After surviving in

280-575: The Nanking Safety Zone . Ginling College took up its full role as a refugee haven, at times harboring up to 10,000 women in buildings designed to support between 200 and 300. During this period, Vautrin wrote fairly frequently in her diary. One of her entries was a prayer: Oh, God, control the cruel beastliness of the soldiers in Nanking tonight, comfort the heartbroken mothers and fathers whose innocent sons have been shot today, and guard

320-478: The gas stove in her apartment in Indianapolis . She was 54 years old. One entry in her journal, recorded shortly before her death, displays her devotion to Ginling College and the people of China, whom she served for 28 years as a Christian missionary: Had I ten perfect lives, I would give them all to China. Resting Place: Salt River Cemetery, 9433 South Shepherd Rd., Shepherd, Michigan, US Vautrin

360-415: The 'ivory tower' to see and understand the suffering of the poor and by encouraging them to devote their lives for the betterment of the society." However, some of the college's staff members and students did not support Vautrin's methods, and found her overbearing, conservative, and self-righteous. This may be due to her "watchful and interfering administrative style." In 1926, after Vautrin returned from

400-519: The American embassy arranged for the evacuation of Americans from the city. In her diary, Vautrin wrote that she felt compelled to stay in Nanjing: I personally feel that I cannot leave... Men are not asked to leave their ships when they are in danger and women are not asked to leave their children. By September, only three Ginling students remained on campus. Due to financial strains, the salaries of

440-585: The British radio series The Goon Show , played by Spike Milligan Minnie Crozier , on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street Minnie Caldwell , on the British soap opera Coronation Street Minnie the Minx , a comic strip character from The Beano Minnie Bishop, from the anime/manga Strike Witches Minnie Fay, in the musical Hello, Dolly! and the film adaptation Minnie Goetze,

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480-769: The ICNSZ neutrality. The Japanese placed one condition on the neutrality, requiring that the neutral zone would be made void if Chinese military personnel were found hiding within it. In the first few nights of the Japanese attack on the city, 850 refugees came to Ginling College, which was designated as one of the twenty-five refugee camps in Nanjing. When the Imperial Japanese Army took complete control of Nanjing in December 1937, she and other foreign nationals—including John Rabe —worked to protect civilians in

520-462: The Japanese embassy repeatedly from December 18 to January 13 to get proclamations to prohibit Japanese soldiers from committing crimes at Ginling because the soldiers tore the documents up before taking women away. Near the end of her service at Ginling College, Vautrin wrote several entries that lacked her previous determination and optimism. Among these was April 14, 1940: I'm about at the end of my energy. Can no longer forge ahead and make plans for

560-810: The League of Women Voters Minnie Devereaux (1891–1984), Canadian Cheyenne silent film actress Minnie Dupree (1873–1947), American stage and film actress Minnie Egener (1881–1938), American operatic mezzo-soprano Minnie Evans (1892–1987), African-American folk artist Minnie Maddern Fiske (1865–1932), leading American actress Minnie Rutherford Fuller (1868-1946), American farmer, broker, temperance leader, suffragist Minnie Gentry (1915–1993), American actress Minnie Goodnow (1871 – 1952), American nurse and nursing educator Minnie Braithwaite Jenkins (1874–1954), American school teacher and educator Minnie Lansbury (1889–1922), English suffragette Minnie Marx (1865–1929), mother and manager of

600-589: The Marx Brothers, born Miene Schönberg Minnie Mumford, better known as Jerri Mumford (1909–2002), Canadian military servicewoman during World War II Minnie Nast (1874–1956), German soprano Minnie Ward Patterson , American poet and author Minnie Pwerle (between 1910 and 1922–2006), Australian Aboriginal painter Minnie Rayner (1869–1941), British film actress Minnie Riperton (1947–1979), singer and song writer Minnie Soo (born 1998), Hong Kong table tennis player People with

640-996: The Nanking Safety Zone from 1937, she returned to the United States in May 1940. One year later, she committed suicide in America due to extreme stress and trauma from the Nanjing Massacre. Vautrin was awarded the Order of the Blue Jade by the Chinese government for her humanitarian work during the Nanjing Massacre. Wilhelmina Vautrin was born in Secor , Clayton County, Illinois , on September 27, 1886, to Pauline (née Lohr) and Edmond Louis Vautrin. Her father Edmond, who considered himself French, immigrated from

680-677: The Rape of Nanking: The Courage of Minnie Vautrin , writes that "by 1914, about six thousand young Americans went to foreign countries as missionaries, over one-third of them to China." Vautrin accepted the Foreign Christian Missionary Society's request to develop a girls' school in China, and when she was 26 years old, she traveled to Hefei to establish the San Ching Girls' Middle School. During her time at

720-530: The United States on furlough and in order to care for her aging father. She returned to Ginling in 1932. On June 21, 1937, Vautrin received word that her father, Edmond, had died at the age of 83. Upon hearing of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, Vautrin cancelled her planned furlough, scheduled for 1938, and immediately returned to Nanjing from Tokyo in order to protect Ginling College and its students. Vautrin prepared intensely for

760-407: The approaching Imperial Japanese army . She made arrangements to prepare the campus by sending records to Shanghai, purchased supplies, instructed students and faculty on emergency precautions, cleaned out and converting rooms in campus buildings for storage and refuge, and ordered the building of trenches . The first Japanese air raid on Nanjing took place on August 15, 1937. As a result of the raid,

800-429: The campus grounds and repel incursions of Japanese soldiers into the college and rescue and care for refugees. She saw to the burial of the dead and the reception of newborn babies and was successful in tracing missing husbands and sons. Industrial or crafts classes were provided for women who had lost their husbands, so that they might support themselves. One hundred women graduated under this program. Vautrin recounted

840-539: The college and its inhabitants during the Nanjing massacre. The hardcore band Hiretsukan honors Wilhelmina Vautrin in their song "Song For Wilhelmina Vautrin" on their 2005 record End States . She is depicted in Lu Chuan's 2009 film City of Life and Death . In the 2009 film John Rabe , Minnie Vautrin is replaced by the fictive Valérie Dupres of an "International Girls College" as an important fellow Nanking Safety Zone committee member. In Nanjing Requiem ,

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880-599: The college's attic with a few others while Chiang Kai-shek's troops were on Ginling's campus. The Nanking Incident deterred many American missionaries from serving in China, and many left the country. However, Vautrin remained at Ginling College, and served as its president until the Nationalist government mandated that all colleges in China have native-born presidents. She was replaced by a Ginling graduate, Dr. Wu Yi-fang , in September 1928. In 1931, Vautrin returned to

920-484: The fifteen remaining faculty members at Ginling College were halved. Anticipating a direct Japanese assault on the city, the foreigners who chose to stay in Nanjing organized the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone (ICNSZ) on November 15, 1937. The committee requested that the Japanese and Chinese governments treat a refugee zone of Nanjing as neutral, and both nations agreed and granted

960-518: The given name [ edit ] Minnie Tittell Brune (1875–1974), American stage actress Minnie Campbell (1862–1952), Canadian clubwoman, lecturer, and editor Minnie D. Craig (1883–1966), American legislator and the first female speaker of a state House of Representatives (North Dakota) in the United States Minnie Fisher Cunningham (1882–1964), suffrage politician and first executive secretary of

1000-553: The lead and titular character in the semi-autobiographical graphic novel The Diary of a Teenage Girl and the film adaptation Other [ edit ] Minnie (chimpanzee) (died 1998), the only female chimpanzee in the US Mercury space program, backup to Ham (chimpanzee) " Minnie the Moocher ", a song first recorded by Cab Calloway in 1931 [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

1040-876: The lives of many women during the Nanking Massacre Minnie Warren (1849–1878), American dwarf associated with P. T. Barnum Memphis Minnie (1897-1973), American blues singer Minnie (born 1997), Thai singer & member of K-pop group (G)I-dle Men [ edit ] Roy McGiffin (1891–1918), ice hockey player Minnie Mendoza (born 1933), Cuban retired Major League Baseball player and coach Minnie Miñoso (1923–2015), Cuban retired Major League Baseball and Negro leagues player Minnie Rojas (1933–2002), Major League Baseball relief pitcher Fictional characters [ edit ] Minnie Mouse , an animated character in Disney media, girlfriend of Mickey Mouse Minnie Bannister , on

1080-614: The nickname [ edit ] Women [ edit ] Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark) (1847–1928), Empress of Russia, known within her family as Minnie Minnie Dean (1844–1895), only woman to receive the death penalty in New Zealand Minnie Driver (born 1970), English actress and singer-songwriter Minnie Hauk (1851–1929), American operatic soprano Minnie Pearl (1912-1996), stage name for American comedienne Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon Minnie Vautrin (1886–1941), American missionary who saved

1120-598: The often-contested Lorraine region to the United States . He arrived in Clayton County, Illinois, in 1883 to undergo a blacksmithing apprenticeship with his uncle in Peoria , and later moved to nearby Secor, where he married Pauline. Minnie was the second of the couple's three children; her elder brother died as an infant. When Minnie was six years old, her mother died of unrecorded causes. After this, Minnie

1160-508: The planning and funding of the new campus by the West Gate of Nanjing . During the fall semester of 1922, Vautrin hosted a fundraiser to build an elementary school for 150 local, mostly illiterate children who lived in the homes near Ginling College's campus. The biographer Hua-ling Hu writes that, while at Ginling College, Minnie "attempted to lead the students to fulfill the spirit of Ginling's motto, 'abundant life,' by making them walk out of

1200-446: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minnie&oldid=1257287915 " Categories : Given names English feminine given names Feminine given names Nicknames Hypocorisms Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

1240-647: The school the number of pupils increased and a high school department was added. In Hefei, Vautrin also met her future fiancé, a fellow American missionary whose name is unknown. In 1918, after serving for a period of six years in China, Minnie returned to the United States for furlough. She enrolled in Columbia University in New York City to pursue a Master's degree in Education , which she received in 1919. While at Columbia University, Vautrin

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1280-458: The war in her diary in 1937: There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today. Thirty girls were taken from language school last night, and today I have heard scores of heartbreaking stories of girls who were taken from their homes last night—one of the girls was but 12 years old. Food, bedding and money have been taken from people. ... I suspect every house in the city has been opened, again and yet again, and robbed. Tonight

1320-418: The work, for on every hand there seems to be obstacles of some kind. In the spring of 1940, suffering from severe stress probably due to worry about the fate of Ginling College and its students, Vautrin was accompanied back to the United States by a colleague. After attempting to commit suicide using sleeping pills, Vautrin appeared to recover for a short while. However, she later committed suicide by turning on

1360-410: The young women and girls through the long agonizing hours of this night. Speed the day when wars shall be no more. When thy Kingdom will come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. When all other refugee camps closed on February 4, 1938, a large number of women and children again sought refuge at the college and a census in mid-March showed 3,310 refugees were resident there. Vautrin would patrol

1400-608: Was a vivacious and popular woman who attracted numerous suitors," but who decided that instead of getting married she would become a missionary. When Vautrin received this request in 1912, Christian missions to China, facilitated by groups such as the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, had begun to flourish as a result of the treaties ending the First Opium War (1840–1842) and Second Opium War (1863–1865) that opened Chinese seaports to Christianity. Hua-ling Hu, one of Vautrin's biographers and writer of American Goddess at

1440-546: Was accepted to Illinois State Normal University in Normal, Illinois , in 1903. Her limited finances meant Vautrin had to work, and delayed her studies several times. She nonetheless graduated in 1907, ranked first in her class of 93 students and delivered a speech at the commencement. She taught mathematics at LeRoy High School, Illinois, before continuing her studies at the University of Illinois . At that university, Vautrin

1480-721: Was approached by a teacher from Ginling College , and was asked to serve as president of the institution for one year. The college was the third institution founded by a group of American missionaries who sought to "establish four woman's colleges in China—one each in north, central, west, and south." Vautrin postponed her wedding for one year in order to become the acting president at Ginling College in 1919. However, she later broke off her engagement and never married. At Ginling College, Vautrin decided to extend her one-year agreement. She created courses on education administration and management, an innovative student-teaching program, and handled

1520-496: Was awarded the Order of Brilliant Jade on July 30, 1938, by the Chinese government for her sacrifices during the Nanjing Massacre. Her work saving the lives of Chinese civilians during the massacre is recounted in the biographical book, American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking , written by historian Hua-Ling Hu. In the 2007 documentary film Nanking , Vautrin was portrayed by actress Mariel Hemingway , who recited excerpts from Vautrin's diary. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall

1560-670: Was president of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions . She graduated in 1912 as salutatorian of her class with an A.B. in Science. The university pastor recommended Vautrin to the recruiters of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society , who requested that she replace a teacher in China. Iris Chang , writer of The Rape of Nanking , notes that Vautrin was "Tall and Handsome in her youth, with long dark hair, she

1600-549: Was sent to several different foster homes. Three years later, the courts permitted her to return home to her father, where she assumed many household chores as well as excelled in school. A teacher later remembered Vautrin, commenting that "Minnie was a born student...She could excel in most anything she tried, and was a genuinely Christian girl." After primary school, Vautrin attended Secor High School. During that time, Vautrin worked several part-time jobs to save for further schooling, as well as volunteered at local churches. Vautrin

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