A mukhtar ( Arabic : مختار , romanized : mukhtār , lit. 'chosen one'; Greek : μουχτάρης ) is a village chief in the Levant : "an old institution that goes back to the time of the Ottoman rule". According to Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed , the mukhtar "for centuries were the central figures". They "were not restricted to Muslim communities"; even "Christian and Jewish communities in the Arab world also had mukhtars."
6-678: Mukhtars are headmen or clan elders. They traditionally linked villagers with the state bureaucracy. Some of the mukhtar’s duties included registering life events (births, marriages, etc.) and notarizing documents. Quoting Tore Björgo : "The mukhtar was, among other things, responsible for collecting taxes and ensuring that law and order was prevailing in his village". British rulers in Palestine before Israel's establishment in 1948 depended on mukhtars to rule. In Gaza, there are still dozens of families that function as powerful clans. These families derive their influence from overseeing businesses and have
12-645: A racist environment (i.e., people do not enter a racist environment because they were racists in the first place). From 1983 to 2004, Dr. Bjørgo worked as a researcher at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI); initially a Scientific Assistant, he was later promoted to Senior Researcher (1998–2004) and Research Professor (2004–2015). Since 2002, he has been the Coordinator of NUPI's Consortium for Research on Terrorism and International Crime ( Official Site ). Dr. Bjørgo joined
18-622: The Norwegian Police University College in 2004, where he served as a professor of Police Science (May 2004 to February 2016) as well as Research Director (February 2005 to June 2007). He was a visiting Fulbright scholar at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York , in the fall of 2014. Dr. Bjørgo is currently a professor at the University of Oslo , where he
24-644: The University of Oslo in 1987. In 1997 he was awarded a Ph.D. in Social Science from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands , where he was a research associate from 1991 to 1997. His doctoral dissertation, Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia: Patterns, Perpetrators, and Responses , was published by Tano Aschehoug. A major thesis in his dissertation is that individuals become radicalized and racized after entering
30-603: The extreme right , and is professor at the University of Oslo and Director of the university's Center for Extremism Research: Right-Wing Extremism, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C‑REX). He is also professor at the Norwegian Police University College . He is a specialist in political extremism and terrorism , racist and right-wing violence , delinquent youth gangs , and international crime . A social anthropologist by training, he received his cand.polit. graduate degree in Social Anthropology from
36-407: The allegiance of hundreds to thousands of relatives. The leader of each family is known as a mukhtar. This Cyprus -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ottoman Empire –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tore Bj%C3%B8rgo Tore Bjørgo (born May 25, 1958) is a Norwegian social anthropologist and expert on
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