Shri ( / ʃ r iː / ; Sanskrit : श्री , romanized : Śrī , pronounced [ɕriː] ) is a Sanskrit term denoting resplendence, wealth and prosperity, primarily used as an honorific .
19-618: Sri Mulavarman Nala Deva (spelled Mulawarman in Indonesian ), was the king of the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom located in eastern Borneo around the year 400 CE. What little is known of him comes from the seven Yupa inscriptions found at a sanctuary in Kutai , East Kalimantan . He is known to have been generous to brahmins through the giving of gifts including thousands of cattle and large amounts of gold. He
38-526: Is also an epithet for Hindu goddess - Lakshmi while a yantra or a mystical diagram is popularly used to worship her is called Shri Yantra . Monier-Williams Dictionary gives the meaning of the root verb śrī as "to cook, boil, to burn, diffuse light", but as a feminine abstract noun, it has received a general meaning of "grace, splendour, beauty; wealth, affluence, prosperity". The word śrī may also be used as an adjective in Sanskrit, which
57-592: Is also transliterated to English in two different ways as ri and ree , although the latter is non-standard in Hindi. Hence this word श्री may be rendered in English as Shri (the standard spelling), Shree, Sri or Sree; Some other transliterations used are Shri, Shiri, Shrii. Whatever the transliteration may be, its pronunciation remains the same. Sanskrit is written in many other Indian scripts as well, each of which has its own equivalents of these Devanāgari letters;
76-407: Is an epithet of Lakshmi . The Vedas speak of Shri as a goddess, who personified ten qualities coveted by other divine beings: food, royalty, holiness, kingdom, fortune, sovereignty, nobility, power, righteousness, and beauty. The Vedic Shri is believed to have identified with later conceptions of Lakshmi, as the embodiment of royalty and dignity. There is a common practice of writing Shri as
95-697: Is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN),
114-424: Is the origin of the modern use of shri as a title. From the noun, is derived the Sanskrit adjective "śrīmat" (śrimān in the masculine nominative singular, śrīmatī in the feminine), by adding the suffix indicating possession, literally "radiance-having" (person, god, etc.). This is used in modern vernacular as form of address Shrimati (abbreviated Smt) for married women, while Sushri , (with "su", "good", added to
133-483: Is usually transliterated as Sri , Sree , Shri , Shiri , Shree , Si , or Seri based on the local convention for transliteration. In Tamil it evolved to Tiru . The term is used in Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia as a polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language. "Shri" is also used as a title of veneration for deities or as honorific title for individuals. Shri
152-635: The Sikh religious text, the Shri Guru Granth Sahib . Similarly, when the Ramlila tradition of reenacting the Ramayana is referred to as an institution, the term Shri Ramlila is frequently used. A common Sikh greeting is “ Sat Shri Akaal (Gurmukhi: ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ)”, meaning “Truth is divine and eternal”. Shri here is used to denote divinity or godliness. The use of the term is common in
171-401: The transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in
190-625: The Javanese rice goddess " Dewi Sri ". "Sri" is also used as names of companies, placements, institutions, etc (e.g — Sriwijaya Air , Sriwijaya University , etc). The oldest recorded word of "Sri" founded in Indonesia was written in the Mulawarman inscription founded in Kutai , East Kalimantan dating back to the 4th century AD which read: sri matah sri -narendrasya, kundungasya mahatmanah (meaning: "the maharaja Kudungga , who
209-455: The Sanskrit pronunciation remains the same regardless of script. Shri is a polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." or "Ms.". Shri is also frequently used as an epithet of some Hindu gods , in which case it is often translated into English as Holy . Also, in language and general usage, Shri , if used by itself and not followed by any name, refers to the supreme consciousness, i.e. god. Shri , also rendered Sridevi ,
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#1732790069461228-692: The beginning), can be used for women in general ( regardless of marital status ). In Devanagari script for Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi and other languages, the word ⟨ श्री ⟩ is combination of three sounds: श् ( ś ), र् ( r ) and ई ( ī , long i ). There are two conventions in India to transliterate the consonant श् ( ISO : ś ) to English: some use s (which in narrower transcription represents only स् ) as in Sri Lanka and Srinagar , while others use sh as in Shimla and Shimoga . Similarly, री ( rī ; र् + ई )
247-581: The first word centralised in line at the beginning of a document. Another usage is as an emphatic compound (which can be used several times: shri shri , or shri shri shri , etc.) in princely styles, notably in Darbar Shri, Desai Shri, and Thakur Shri or Shrii Shrii Anandamurti , the founder of the social and spiritual movement Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss). The honorific can also be applied to objects and concepts that are widely respected, such as
266-739: The inscriptions of another king, Purnavarman , in West Java . The inscriptions of Mulavarman in Brahmi script were found on " yūpa " sacrificial posts. Shri The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as Assamese , Meitei ( Manipuri ), Marathi , Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian ), Javanese , Balinese , Sundanese , Sinhala , Thai , Tamil , Telugu , Odia , Assamese , Punjabi , Hindi , Bengali , Nepali , Malayalam , Kannada , Sanskrit , Pali , Khmer , and also among Philippine languages . It
285-738: The names of ragas (musical motifs), either as a prefix or postfix. Some examples are Shree , Bhagyashree, Dhanashree, Jayashree, Subhashree, Itishree, Jiteshree, and Shree ranjani . Usage of "Sri" in Indonesia is used for honorary titles for a king or other great person, for example the King of Yogyakarta Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono and Sri Baginda which means "Your Majesty", and is also used for people's names, mainly Javanese people such as Indonesian finance minister Sri Mulyani , Indonesian marine officer Lt. Col Sri Utomo , Indian-Indonesian businessman Sri Prakash Lohia , etc. It also refers to
304-643: The table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There
323-666: Was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for
342-523: Was the grandson of Kudungga , and the son of Asvavarman, according to one of his inscriptions. The sanctuary bears the name of the founder of the dynasty, Vaprakesvara. The inscriptions of Mulavarman in Brahmi script on " yūpa " sacrificial posts are the earliest known evidence of Indian influence in the Malay World, in the fourth century CE, long before the region was Indianized. The inscriptions of Mulavarman were followed about fifty years later by
361-526: Was very noble" ) The honorific is incorporated into many place names. A partial list follows: ISO 15919 ISO 15919 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters ) is an international standard for the romanization of Brahmic and Nastaliq scripts. Published in 2001, it is part of a series of international standards by the International Organization for Standardization . ISO 15919
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