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40-541: NBH may refer to: No break here , a C1 control code used in computer systems that use ASCII and derivatives of ASCII, such as Unicode Non-breaking hyphen , a special variation of the hyphen character used in computer systems New Broadcasting House , the 2011 extension to the BBC Headquarters Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

80-664: A character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text . The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference: where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. 65 characters, including DEL . All belong to

120-427: A colon . In the nominative case , the suffix is ‑nen for 1 and 2, and ‑s for larger numerals: Minä olin 2:nen , ja veljeni oli 3:s 'I came 2nd , and my brother came 3rd '. This is derived from the endings of the spelled-out ordinal numbers: ensimmäinen , toinen , kolmas , neljäs , viides , kuudes , seitsemäs , etc.. The system becomes rather complicated when

160-461: A character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format or where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style. In contrast,

200-428: A male person (masculine natural gender), and if so they are written 1:e and 2:e . When indicating dates, suffixes are never used. Examples: 1:a klass "first grade (in elementary school)", 3:e utgåvan "third edition", but 6 november . Furthermore, suffixes can be left out if the number obviously is an ordinal number, example: 3 utg. "3rd ed". Using a full stop as an ordinal indicator

240-491: A numeric context be read aloud as céad and dara (e.g., an 21ú lá may be read as an t-aonú lá is fiche or as an chéad lá is fiche ). One or two letters of the spelled-out numeral are appended to it (either after a hyphen or, rarely, in superscript). The rule is to take the minimal number of letters that include at least one consonant phoneme. Examples: 2-му второму /ftɐro mu / , 2-я вторая /ftɐra ja / , 2-й второй /ftɐro j / (note that in

280-472: A period or full stop is written after the numeral. In Polish , the period can be omitted if there is no ambiguity whether a given numeral is ordinal or cardinal. The only exceptions are variables in mathematics ( k+1-szy – (k+1)st ). Writing out the endings for various cases , as sometimes happens in Czech and Slovak, is considered incorrect and uneducated. Should a full stop follow this dot, it

320-576: Is a uniform circle and is never underlined. The masculine ordinal indicator is the shape of a lower-case letter o , and thus may be oval or elliptical , and may have a varying line thickness. Ordinal indicators may also be underlined. It is not mandatory in Portugal nor in Brazil , but it is preferred in some fonts to avoid confusion with the degree sign. Also, the ordinal indicators should be distinguishable from superscript characters. The top of

360-575: Is considered archaic , but still occurs in military contexts; for example: 5. komp "5th company". Numbers in Malay and Indonesian are preceded by the ordinal prefix ke- ; for example, ke-7 "seventh". The exception is pertama , which means "first". Numbers in Filipino are preceded by the ordinal prefix ika- or pang- (the latter subject to sandhi ; for example, ika-7 or pam-7 "seventh"). The exception

400-472: Is masculine or feminine. The indicator may be given an underline but this is not ubiquitous. In digital typography , this depends on the font: Cambria and Calibri , for example, have underlined ordinal indicators, while most other fonts do not. Examples of the usage of ordinal indicators in Italian are: Galician also forms its ordinal numbers this way, while Asturian follows a similar system where ᵘ

440-529: Is meant when an organization says a password "requires punctuation marks". 96 characters; the 62 letters, and two ordinal indicators belong to the Latin script. The remaining 32 belong to the common script. Uppercase Uppercase Lowercase Lowercase 128 characters; all belong to the Latin script. 208 characters; all belong to the Latin script; 33 in the MES-2 subset. 256 characters; all belong to

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480-530: Is not abbreviated as 3.º but as 3. , and of compound ordinal numbers ending in primer or tercer . For instance, "twenty-first" is vigésimo primer before a masculine noun, and its abbreviation is 21. . Since none of these words are shortened before feminine nouns, their correct forms for those cases are primera and tercera . These can be represented as 1.ª and 3.ª . As with other abbreviations in Spanish,

520-494: Is omitted. The Serbian standard of Serbo-Croatian (unlike the Croatian and Bosnian standards) uses the dot in role of the ordinal indicator only past Arabic numerals, while Roman numerals are used without a dot. There is a problem with autocorrection, mobile editors, etc., which often force a capital initial letter in the word following the ordinal numbers. In 19th-century handwriting, these terminals were often elevated, that

560-435: Is to say written as superscripts (e.g. 2 , 34 ). With the gradual introduction of the typewriter in the late 19th century, it became common to write them on the baseline in typewritten texts, and this usage even became recommended in certain 20th-century style guides. Thus, the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states: "The letters in ordinal numbers should not appear as superscripts (e.g., 122nd not 122 )", as do

600-429: Is used for the masculine gender, ª for the feminine gender and º for the neuter gender. In Spanish, using the two final letters of the word as it is spelled is not allowed, except in the cases of primer (an apocope of primero ) before singular masculine nouns, which is not abbreviated as 1.º but as 1. , of tercer (an apocope of tercero ) before singular masculine nouns, which

640-681: The Bluebook and style guides by the Council of Science Editors , Microsoft , and Yahoo . Two problems are that superscripts are used "most often in citations" and are "tiny and hard to read". Some word processors format ordinal indicators as superscripts by default (e.g. Microsoft Word ). Style guide author Jack Lynch ( Rutgers ) recommends turning off automatic superscripting of ordinals in Microsoft Word , because "no professionally printed books use superscripts". French uses

680-456: The common script. Footnotes: The Unicode Standard (version 16.0) classifies 1,487 characters as belonging to the Latin script. 95 characters; the 52 alphabet characters belong to the Latin script. The remaining 43 belong to the common script. The 33 characters classified as ASCII Punctuation & Symbols are also sometimes referred to as ASCII special characters . Often only these characters (and not other Unicode punctuation) are what

720-503: The 1,062 characters in the Multilingual European Character Set 2 ( MES-2 ) subset, and some additional related characters. HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set / Unicode code point , and a character entity reference refers to

760-821: The 8-bit ECMA-94 encoding in 1985 and the ISO 8859-1 encoding in 1987 (both based on DEC 's Multinational Character Set designed for VT220 ), at positions 170 (xAA) and 186 (xBA), respectively. ISO 8859-1 was incorporated as the first 256 code points of ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode in 1991. The Unicode characters are thus: There are superscript versions of the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨o⟩ in Unicode ; these are different characters and should not be used as ordinal indicators. The majority of character sets intended to support Galician, Portuguese, and/or Spanish have those two characters encoded in hexadecimal as follows: Portuguese and Spanish keyboard layouts are

800-707: The Latin script; 23 in the MES-2 subset. 96 characters; all belong to the Latin script; three in the MES-2 subset. 80 characters; 15 in the MES-2 subset. 144 code points; 135 assigned characters; 85 in the MES-2 subset. For polytonic orthography . 256 code points; 233 assigned characters, all in the MES-2 subset (#670 – 902). 256 characters; 191 in the MES-2 subset. The range from U+0900 to U+0DFF includes Devanagari , Bengali script , Gurmukhi , Gujarati script , Odia alphabet , Tamil script , Telugu script , Kannada script , Malayalam script , and Sinhala script . Other Brahmic and Indic scripts in Unicode include: 112 code points; 111 assigned characters; 24 in

840-1661: The MES-2 subset. 0000–​0FFF 1000–​1FFF 2000–​2FFF 3000–​3FFF 4000–​4FFF 5000–​5FFF 6000–​6FFF 7000–​7FFF 8000–​8FFF 9000–​9FFF A000–​AFFF B000–​BFFF C000–​CFFF D000–​DFFF E000–​EFFF F000–​FFFF 10000–​10FFF 11000–​11FFF 12000–​12FFF 13000–​13FFF 14000–​14FFF 16000–​16FFF 17000–​17FFF 18000–​18FFF 1A000–​1AFFF 1B000–​1BFFF 1C000–​1CFFF 1D000–​1DFFF 1E000–​1EFFF 1F000–​1FFFF 20000–​20FFF 21000–​21FFF 22000–​22FFF 23000–​23FFF 24000–​24FFF 25000–​25FFF 26000–​26FFF 27000–​27FFF 28000–​28FFF 29000–​29FFF 2A000–​2AFFF 2B000–​2BFFF 2C000–​2CFFF 2D000–​2DFFF 2E000–​2EFFF 2F000–​2FFFF 30000–​30FFF 31000–​31FFF 32000–​32FFF E0000–​E0FFF 15: SPUA-A F0000–​FFFFF 16: SPUA-B 100000–​10FFFF Ordinal indicator In English orthography , this corresponds to

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880-560: The alternative second ordinal number ( 2 – second ; 2 – seconde ) These indicators use superscript formatting whenever it is available. The rule in Catalan is to follow the number with the last letter in the singular and the last two letters in the plural. Most numbers follow the pattern exemplified by vint '20' ( 20è   m   sg , 20a   f   sg , 20ns   m   pl , 20es   f   pl ), but

920-602: The final vowel is assimilated into the suffix. Most multiples of ten end in a vowel in their cardinal form and form their ordinal form by adding the suffix to their genitive singular form, which ends in -d ; this is not reflected in writing. Exceptions are 20 ( fiche ) and 40 ( daichead ), both of which form their ordinals by adding the suffix directly to the cardinal ( fichiú and daicheadú ). When counting objects, dó (2) becomes dhá and ceathair (4) becomes ceithre . As in French,

960-585: The first few ordinals are irregular, affecting the abbreviations of the masculine forms. Superscripting is not standard. Unlike other Germanic languages , Dutch is similar to English in this respect: the French layout with used to be popular, but the recent spelling changes now prescribe the suffix ‑e . Optionally ‑ste and ‑de may be used, but this is more complex: 1ste  ( eerste ), 2de  ( tweede ), 4de  ( vierde ), 20ste  ( twintigste ), etc. In Finnish orthography , when

1000-399: The numeral is followed by its head noun (which indicates the grammatical case of the ordinal), it is sufficient to write a period or full stop after the numeral: Päädyin kilpailussa 2. sijalle "In the competition, I finished in 2nd place ". However, if the head noun is omitted, the ordinal indicator takes the form of a morphological suffix, which is attached to the numeral with

1040-646: The only ones on which the characters are directly accessible through a dedicated key: º for "º" and ⇧ Shift + º for "ª". On other keyboard layouts, these characters are accessible only through a set of keystrokes (see Unicode input ). Sometimes the characters for the ordinal indicators ( º and ª ) are used for one of these purposes, which may be considered a misuse if other characters are preferred for these contexts. In Basque , Serbo-Croatian , Czech , Danish , Estonian , Faroese , Finnish , German , Hungarian , Icelandic , Latvian , Norwegian , Slovak , Slovene , Turkish , among other languages,

1080-819: The ordinal indicators and for the number 1, depending on gender (masculine 1 – premier ; feminine 1 – première ). It uses for higher numbers (for instance 2 – deuxième ). French also uses the indicators and for the alternative second ordinal number (masculine 2 – second ; feminine 2 – seconde ). In plural, all these indicators are suffixed with an s : ( 1 – premiers ), ( 1 – premières ), ( 2 – deuxièmes ), ( 2 – seconds ), ( 2 – secondes ). Although regarded as incorrect by typographic standards, longer forms are in wide usage: for feminine 1 ( 1 – première )), for numbers starting at 2 (for instance 2 – deuxième ), and for

1120-504: The ordinal indicators (i.e., the top of the elevated letter a and letter o ) must be aligned with the cap height of the font. The alignment of the top of superscripted letters a and o will depend on the font. The line thickness of the ordinal indicators is always proportional to the line thickness of the other characters of the font. Many fonts just shrink the characters (making them thinner) to draw superscripts. The Romance feminine and masculine ordinal indicators were adopted into

1160-428: The ordinal is written out, the suffix adheres to the spelling restrictions imposed by the broad/slender difference in consonants and is written -iú after slender consonants; but when written as numbers, only the suffix itself ( -ú ) is written. In the case of 4 ( ceathair ), the final syllable is syncopated before the suffix, and in the case of 9 ( naoi ), 20 ( fiche ), and 1000 ( míle ),

1200-463: The ordinal needs to be inflected , as the ordinal suffix is adjusted according to the case ending: 3: s (nominative case, which has no ending), 3: nne n ( genitive case with ending ‑n ), 3: t ta ( partitive case with ending ‑ta ), 3: nne ssa ( inessive case with ending ‑ssa ), 3: nte en ( illative case with ending ‑en ), etc.. Even native speakers sometimes find it difficult to exactly identify

1240-458: The ordinal numbers have a period ".", which is placed before the indicator. Portuguese follows the same method. The practice of indicating ordinals with superscript suffixes may originate with the practice of writing a superscript o to indicate a Latin ablative in pre-modern scribal practice . This ablative desinence happened to be frequently combined with ordinal numerals indicating dates (as in tertio die [written iii die ] "on

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1280-446: The ordinal suffix, as its borders with the word stem and the case ending may appear blurred. In such cases, it may be preferable to write the ordinal word entirely with letters and particularly 2:nen is rare even in the nominative case, as it is not significantly shorter than the full word toinen . Numerals from 3 up form their ordinals uniformly by adding the suffix -ú : 3ú , 4ú , 5ú , etc. When

1320-542: The second example, the vowel letter я represents two phonemes, one of which [ /j/ ] is consonant ). The general rule is that :a (for 1 and 2) or :e (for all other numbers, except 101:a , 42:a , etc., but including 11:e and 12:e ) is appended to the numeral. The reason is that -a and -e respectively end the ordinal number words. The ordinals for 1 and 2 may however be given an -e form ( förste and andre instead of första and andra ) when used about

1360-611: The suffixes ‑st , ‑nd , ‑rd , ‑th in written ordinals (represented either on the line 1st , 2nd , 3rd , 4th or as superscript 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Also commonly encountered in Romance languages are the superscript or superior (and often underlined) masculine ordinal indicator , º , and feminine ordinal indicator , ª . In formal typography, the ordinal indicators ª and º are distinguishable from other characters. The practice of underlined (or doubly underlined) superscripted abbreviations

1400-533: The tenth of June"), the ablative case is generally used: X ( decimo ) with the month stated in the genitive case. Examples: The masculine ordinal indicator º may be confused with the degree sign ° (U+00B0), which looks very similar and which is provided on the Italian and Latin American keyboard layouts . It was common in the early days of computers to use the same character for both. The degree sign

1440-482: The third day" or in Anno Domini years, as in anno millesimo [...] ab incarnatione domini nostri Iesu Christi [written an ͂ M [...] dm ͂i nri ih ͂u xp ͂i or similarly] "in the thousandth [...] year after the incarnation of our lord Jesus Christ"). The usage of terminals in the vernacular languages of Europe derives from Latin usage, as practised by scribes in monasteries and chanceries before writing in

1480-620: The title NBH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBH&oldid=1256171524 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages No break here As of Unicode version 16.0, there are 155,063 characters with code points , covering 168 modern and historical scripts , as well as multiple symbol sets. This article includes

1520-418: The vernacular became established. The terminal letters used depend on the gender of the item to be ordered and the case in which the ordinal adjective is stated, for example primus dies ('the first day', nominative case, masculine), but primo die ('on the first day', ablative case masculine), shown as I or i . As monumental inscriptions often refer to days on which events happened (e.g., "he died on

1560-677: The vigesimal system is widely used, particularly in people's ages. Ceithre scór agus cúigdéag – 95. The numbers 1 ( aon ) and 2 ( dó ) both have two separate ordinals: one regularly formed by adding -ú ( aonú , dóú ), and one suppletive form ( céad , dara ). The regular forms are restricted in their usage to actual numeric contexts, when counting. The latter are also used in counting, especially céad , but are used in broader, more abstract senses of "first" and "second" (or "other"). In their broader senses, céad and dara are not written as 1ú and 2ú , though 1ú and 2ú may in

1600-405: Was common in 19th-century writing (not limited to ordinal indicators in particular, and extant in the numero sign № ), and was found in handwritten English until at least the late 19th century (e.g. first abbreviated ' 1 ' or 1 ). In Spanish , Portuguese , Italian , and Galician , the ordinal indicators º and ª are appended to the numeral depending on whether the grammatical gender

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