" Think " (stylized as THINK ) is a slogan associated with the American multinational technology company IBM .
45-602: The NCR Book Award for Non-Fiction , established in 1987 and sponsored by NCR Corporation , was for a time the UK's major award for non-fiction. Closing in 1997 after a period of decline and scandal, it is best remembered as the forerunner of the Samuel Johnson Prize . The award was founded at a time when there were no major non-fiction awards in Britain comparable to the highly successful Booker Prize for fiction. It
90-516: A change in class numbers, from the 20/30 series to the 80 Series ( 6681 kiosk model, 6682 lobby model, 6684 through-the-wall model, and 6688 island / drive-through model). Next-generation dispensers, depositors, high-resolution display panels and anti-skimming technology are all standard with the MFR units. In 2021, the 206x and 208x line of products was released, incorporating cash recycling technology. Teradata partnered with NCR in 1990 and
135-516: A complementary field sales organization primarily made up of proven people from DEC, Wang and other faltering minicomputer firms. In the 1980s, NCR sold various PC compatible AT -class computers, like the small NCR-3390 (called an "intelligent terminal"). They proposed a customized version of MS-DOS named NCR-DOS , which for example offered support for switching the CPU between 6, 8 or 10 MHz speeds. The computers featured an improved CGA adapter,
180-562: A major post-war force in developing new computing and communications technology. In 1953, chemists Barrett K. Green and Lowell Schleicher of NCR in Dayton submitted a patent "Pressure responsive record materials" for a carbon-less copy paper. This became US Patent 2,730,457 and was commercialized as " NCR Paper ." In February 1953, the company acquired the Computer Research Corporation (CRC), after which it created
225-685: A number of smaller cash register companies. By 1911 it had sold one million machines and had grown to almost 6,000 employees. Combined with rigorous legal attacks, Patterson's methods enabled the company to fight off bankruptcy, buy-out over 80 of its early competitors, and achieve control of 95% of the U.S. market. In 1912 the company was found guilty of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act . Patterson, Deeds, Watson and 25 other NCR executives and managers were convicted of illegal anti-competitive sales practices and were sentenced to one year of imprisonment. Their convictions were unpopular with
270-435: A piece of machinery. Sales demonstrations were set up in hotels (away from the distractions of the buyer's business) depicting a store interior complete with real merchandise and real cash. The sale prospect was described as the "P.P." or "Probable Purchaser." Once initial objections were swept aside and the P.P. admitted to internal theft losses, the product was demonstrated along with large business charts and diagrams. The deal
315-609: A separate company and involved the spin-off of Lucent Technologies from AT&T. In June 2009, the company sold most of the Dayton properties and moved its headquarters to the Atlanta metropolitan area , near Duluth . In early January 2018, the new NCR Global Headquarters opened in Midtown Atlanta near Technology Square (adjacent to the Georgia Institute of Technology ). In October 2023, NCR Corporation
360-676: A specialized electronics division. In 1956, NCR introduced its first electronic device, the Class 29 Post-Tronic, a bank machine using magnetic stripe technology. With the General Electric Company (now known as GE ), the company manufactured its first transistor -based computer in 1957, the NCR 304 . Also in the 1950s NCR introduced MICR ( magnetic ink character recognition ) and the NCR 3100 accounting machines. In 1962, NCR introduced
405-571: A tape read speed of 400 characters a second. The company's first all- integrated circuit computer was the Century 100 of 1968. The Century 200 was added in 1970. The line was extended through the Century 300 in 1973. The Century series was followed by the Criterion series in 1976, NCR's first virtual machine system. During this period, NCR also produced the 605 minicomputer for in-house use. It
450-560: A tarnished reputation, the NCR Award closed out with A People's Tragedy in 1997. Source 1988–1995: NCR Corporation NCR Voyix Corporation , previously known as NCR Corporation and National Cash Register , is an American software, consulting and technology company providing several professional services and electronic products . It manufactured self-service kiosks , point-of-sale terminals , automated teller machines , check processing systems, and barcode scanners . NCR
495-471: A ventilation system to provide clean air. There were special provisions for female employees including restrooms, shorter work hours, high-back chairs, a women's dining room, and lessons in domestic science. In 1893, NCR constructed the first "daylight factory" buildings with floor-to-ceiling glass windows that let in light and could be opened to let in fresh air as well. NCR expanded quickly and became multi-national in 1888. Between 1893 and 1906 it acquired
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#1732780332426540-494: Is a complete redesign of both outlook and technological contents. It is also a cost down product. Self-Serv 20 series are single-function (e.g. cash-out) ATMs, while Self-Serv 30 series are full-function (cash-out and intelligent deposit) machines. Starting in 2015, the SelfServ series was updated with new design language (called MFR or Multi-Function Refresh ), modernizing the look of the product line. This corresponded with
585-542: Is that we don't think enough. We don't get paid for working with our feet — we get paid for working with our heads". Watson then wrote THINK on the easel. Signs with this motto were later erected in NCR factory buildings, sales offices and club rooms during the mid-1890s. "THINK" later became a widely known symbol of IBM, which was created by Watson after he joined the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) . Kettering designed
630-484: The NCR 315 Electronic Data Processing System which included the CRAM storage device, the first automated mass storage alternative to magnetic tape libraries accessed manually by computer operators. The NCR 390 and 500 computers were also offered to customers who did not need the full power of the 315. The NCR 390 accepted four types of input: magnetic ledger cards, punched cards, punched tape, and keyboard entry, with
675-741: The Pick Operating System and Prime Information . The 1970s saw the widespread installations of the Model 770 in National Westminster and Barclays banks throughout the UK, but it was not until the Model 5070, developed at its Dundee plant in Scotland and introduced in 1983 that the company began to make more serious inroads into the ATM market. Subsequent models included the 5084, and 58xx (Personas) series. In early 2008,
720-456: The "seven dwarfs," namely Burroughs , UNIVAC , NCR , Control Data , Honeywell , General Electric , and RCA ) to 6 (IBM and the " BUNCH ") and further reduced to 4 (IBM, Unisys, NCR, and Control Data Corporation). The adoption of the name NCR Corporation occurred in 1974. In 1982, NCR became involved in open systems architecture . Its first such system was the UNIX -powered TOWER 16/32,
765-682: The American bombe designed by Joseph Desch . The US Navy Bombe was built by NCR for the United States Naval Computing Machine Laboratory to decrypt the Enigma machine that encrypted German military messages. The NCR-made American bombes (decryption machines) were faster, and soon more available, than the British bombes at Bletchley Park and its outstations. The American bombe was essentially
810-495: The NGA, which had a 640×400 text mode more suitable for business uses than the original 640×200 mode, with characters drawn using single-pixel-wide lines, giving an appearance similar to that of classic IBM 3270 terminals. The additional four-color 640×400 graphical mode was identical to CGA's 320×200 mode from a programming point of view. NCR also manufactured two proprietary series of mini-to-midrange computers: In 1990, NCR introduced
855-504: The System 3000, a seven-level family of computers based on Intel 's 386 and 486 CPUs. The majority of the System 3000 range utilised IBM's Micro Channel architecture rather than the more prevalent ISA architecture, and utilised SCSI peripherals as well as the more popular parallel and serial port interfaces, resulting in a premium product with premium pricing. The 3600, through NCR subsidiary Applied Digital Data Systems supported both
900-415: The award experienced an existential scandal when it was revealed the judges had used "professional readers", summaries and book reviews instead of reading all of the entries. In response, one of the previous winners, Peter Hennessy , approached Penguin with the idea for a new award, and an anonymous benefactor was found who funded the establishment of the Samuel Johnson Prize (1999). Facing bad publicity and
945-494: The company launched its new generation of ATMs—the 662x/663x SelfServ series. NCR currently commands over a third of the entire ATM market, with an estimated $ 18 trillion being withdrawn from NCR ATMs every year. In addition, NCR's expertise in this field led the company to contract with the U.S. military to support the Eagle Cash program with customized ATMs. The NCR 5xxx -series is the range of (ATMs) produced by NCR from
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#1732780332426990-418: The company's market share was dominant and it was successfully prosecuted under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 . The ruling was appealed and executives avoided at least some of the court's strictures. When John H. Patterson and his brother took over the company, cash registers were expensive (US$ 50) and only about a dozen of "Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier" machines were in use. There was little demand for
1035-493: The computer industry into a new era of intelligent standardized peripheral communications with the development the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) . The SCSI standard enabled such diverse devices as disks, tapes, printers, and scanners to share a common interface to one or more computer systems in a way that was never before possible and a model for subsequent interfaces to follow. NCR developed
1080-925: The early 1900s. Formally added to its company structure in March 1981, NCR's OEM System's Division spearheaded the design, sales revenue and market awareness and acceptance of NCR's Tower family. Part of the cause of this success was the decision by NCR senior management to hire reseller industry veterans for key positions within the fledgling operation and have that unit work with, but not answerable to, NCR's traditional management structure. The industry shift from proprietary minicomputers brought personnel with minicomputer and reseller backgrounds such as division heads Roger Nielsen (ex-Data General), Robert Hahn (ex-Data General), and Dan Kiegler (ex-Datapoint marketing), marketing manager and later Director of Field Sales, Dave Lang (ex-DEC reseller marketing director and salesperson) and other critical contributors at corporate levels; who then hired
1125-445: The early 1980s. Most models were designed and initially manufactured at its Dundee factory in Scotland , but later produced at several other locations around the world. There have been several distinct generations: NCR's 6th generation of ATMs have been noted for the further move towards intelligent deposit and the expansion of secondary functions such as barcode reading. NCR's latest ATM services, introduced in 2008. This series
1170-421: The expensive device, but Patterson believed the product would sell once shopkeepers understood it would drastically decrease theft by salesclerks. He created a sales team known as the "American Selling Force" which worked on commissions and followed a standard sales script, the "N.C.R. Primer." This was the first known sales training manual in existence. The philosophy was to sell a business function rather than just
1215-745: The firm was renamed the National Cash Register Company. Patterson formed NCR into one of the first modern American companies by introducing new, aggressive sales methods and business techniques. He established the first sales training school in 1893 and introduced a comprehensive social welfare program for his factory workers. Other significant figures in the early history of the company were Thomas J. Watson, Sr. , Charles F. Kettering and Edward A. Deeds . Watson—later fired by Patterson in 1914—eventually worked his way up to general sales manager. At an uninspiring sales meeting, Watson interrupted, saying "The trouble with every one of us
1260-494: The first cash register powered by an electric motor in 1906. Within a few years he developed the Class 1000 register which was in production for 40 years, and the O.K. Telephone Credit Authorization system for verifying credit in department stores. Deeds and Kettering went on to found Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company which later became the Delco Electronics Division of General Motors . In 1913,
1305-577: The public due to the efforts of Patterson and Watson to help those affected by the Dayton, Ohio, floods of 1913 , but efforts to have them pardoned by President Woodrow Wilson were unsuccessful. However, their convictions were overturned on appeal in 1915 on the grounds that important defense evidence should have been admitted. In 1918, the company signed a contract with the US Army to produce 100,000 M1911 pistols for use in World War I . The contract
1350-545: The sales and advertising departments at the National Cash Register Company . At an uninspiring sales meeting, Watson interrupted, saying "The trouble with every one of us is that we don't think enough. We don't get paid for working with our feet — we get paid for working with our heads". Watson then wrote THINK on the easel. Asked later what he meant by the slogan, Watson replied, "By THINK I mean take everything into consideration. I refuse to make
1395-566: The same as the English bombe, though it functioned better (six times faster) as they were not handicapped by having to make it, as Keen was forced to do owing to production difficulties, on the framework of a three-wheel machine. By late autumn 1943, new American machines were coming into action at the rate of about two a week, the ultimate total being in the region of 125. Building on its wartime experience with secret communication systems, high speed counters and cryptanalytic equipment, NCR became
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1440-462: The sign more specific. If a man just sees THINK, he'll find out what I mean. We're not interested in a logic course." In 1914, Watson took the slogan with him to the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and its subsidiaries, all of which later became IBM . International Time Recording, one of the subsidiaries, published a magazine for employees and customers, named Time , which, in 1935, IBM would rename to THINK . IBM continues to use
1485-478: The success of which (approximately 100,000 were sold) established NCR as a pioneer in bringing industry standards and open systems architecture to the computer market. These 5000-series systems were based on Motorola 68k CPUs and supported NCR's proprietary transaction processing system TMX , which was mainly used by financial institutions. This product line also saw the first time NCR had offered its products through other than its own direct sales channels since
1530-479: The world's first SCSI interface chip, the NCR 5380 , based on the SCSI interface standard collaboratively developed. In the third quarter of 1982, NCR announced the release of a 32-bit VLSI processor architecture and chipset called NCR/32 . These devices were used in several of their 9x00 and System 10000 computer systems. By 1986, the count of American mainframe computer manufacturers had dwindled from 8 ( IBM and
1575-541: Was canceled a few months later after the war ended, with no pistols having been delivered. Two million units were sold by 1922, the year John Patterson died. In January, 1926, NCR went public with an issue of $ 55 million in stock, at that time the largest public offering in United States history. During the first World War, NCR manufactured fuses and aircraft instrumentation, and during World War II built aero-engines, bomb sights and code-breaking machines, including
1620-454: Was founded in Dayton, Ohio , in 1884. It grew to become a dominant market leader in cash registers, then decryption machinery, then computing machinery, and computers over the subsequent 100 years. By 1991, it was still the fifth-largest manufacturer of computers. That year, it was acquired by AT&T . A restructuring of AT&T in 1996 led to NCR's re-establishment on January 1, 1997, as
1665-450: Was joined with Teradata Corporation on February 28, 1992. As an AT&T subsidiary, its 1992 year-end headcount was 53,800 employees and contractors. By 1993, the subsidiary produced a year-end $ 1.287 billion net loss on $ 7.265 billion in revenue. The net losses continued in 1994 and 1995, losses that required repeated subsidies from the parent company and resulted in a 1995 year-end headcount of 41,100. During these three years, AT&T
1710-510: Was part of a new "golden age" of non-fiction that started in the 1980s, according to Antony Beevor . In the early 1990s, NCR was acquired by AT&T and the award became rudderless and dated; one critic said the "NCR spoke volumes of the Thatcherised values of contemporary English culture – a winner-takes-all triumphalism, a boastful indifference to good writing, a corresponding obsession with design and presentation". In 1997,
1755-456: Was purchased by NCR in 1991. Mark Hurd took over the company's Teradata division in 1999 and is credited with expanding NCR's Teradata business. Hurd streamlined operations and invested in research. The Teradata division at NCR became profitable in 2002. Teradata was divested from NCR in 2007 and became its own publicly traded company, Teradata Corporation . NCR was acquired by AT&T Corporation on September 19, 1991, for $ 7.4 billion and
1800-472: Was referred to as "America's model factory." Some historians have referred to company owner John Patterson as the "father of industrial welfare." The company had its own welfare department and is considered a pioneer in America for this work. Some of the company's welfare initiatives include safety devices, drinking fountains, baths, lockers, chairs and back support for machine operators, indoor bathrooms and
1845-629: Was scanned at the checkout of a supermarket, Troy's Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio , a few miles away from NCR's Dayton Headquarters. It was treated as a ceremonial occasion and involved a little bit of ritual. The night before, a team of Marsh's supermarket staff had moved in to put bar codes on hundreds of items in the store while NCR installed their scanners and computers. In 1982, NCR's Peripheral Products Division in Wichita, Kansas , together with peripheral manufacturer, Shugart Associates , helped propel
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1890-455: Was sealed with a 25 cent cigar. Patterson also invented the formal sales training academy, a summer event first set up in canvas tents and called "Sugar Camp." The first known form of direct mail advertising also came courtesy of Patterson, who sent mail pieces to a predetermined list of addresses about his products. Patterson's "Get a Receipt" campaign was one of the world's first advertising campaigns. NCR undertook extensive welfare work and
1935-540: Was split into two independent public companies: NCR Voyix legally succeeded NCR Corporation, while the ATM business was spun-off as NCR Atleos . The company began as the National Manufacturing Company of Dayton, Ohio, and was established to manufacture and sell the first mechanical cash register invented in 1879 by James Ritty . In 1884, the company and patents were bought by John Henry Patterson and his brother Frank Jefferson Patterson, and
1980-476: Was the compute engine for the 399 and 499 accounting machines, several generations of in-store and in-bank controllers, and the 82xx/90xx IMOS COBOL systems. The 605 also powered peripheral controllers, including the 658 disk subsystem and the 721 communications processor. In 1974, scanners and computers developed by NCR marked the first occasion where items with the Universal Product Code (UPC)
2025-511: Was the former NCR's largest customer, accounting for over $ 1.5 billion in revenue. On February 15, 1995, the company sold its microelectronics division and storage systems division to Hyundai Electronics (now SK Hynix ) who renamed it Symbios Logic . At the time it was the largest purchase of an American company by a Korean company. Think (slogan) The "THINK" slogan was first used by Thomas J. Watson in December 1911, while managing
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