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30-592: Historically, northern Thailand has been linked to the Hariphunchai Kingdom , which emerged as a powerful state in the region in the 7th century. This kingdom was related to the Dvaravati that existed from the 6th to 11th centuries. The Hariphunchai culture later influenced the development of the Lanna Kingdom , which emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 18th century. North Thailand

60-405: A GPP per capita of 211,489 baht (US$ 6,822), half more than for Chiang Mai province, next in the ranking and double than for Lampang province, which is third in the ranking. Kamphaeng Phet province had an economic output of 117.705 billion baht (US$ 3.8 billion). This amounts to a GPP per capita of 150,783 baht (US$ 4,864), half more than for Tak province, which is fifth in the ranking. Central Thai

90-735: A little above 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) for the highest summits. Although formerly forested, many of these mountains are now denuded. Parallel mountain ranges extend from the Daen Lao Range , in the southern region of the Shan Hills , in a north–south direction, the Dawna Range forming the western border of Thailand between Mae Hong Son and the Salween River . To the east the Thanon Thong Chai Range ,

120-574: A total of five wildlife sanctuaries, four of which are in region 14 (Tak) , but Tham Chao Ram is not in Tak province and Omkoi is in region 16 (Chiang Mai) of Thailand's protected areas. Tak was a historical kingdom built over 2,000 years ago, even before the Sukhothai period . The ancient kingdom had its peak around the 1st century. By the 5th century the capital of this kingdom was moved south to Lavo (present day Lopburi province ). A city named Ban Tak

150-525: Is Northern Thai , which is a southwestern Tai language spoken in the 9 changwat of Northern Thailand. It is spoken by roughly six million people. There are also various hill tribe languages such as Lolo-Burmese , Karenic , Mienic , Mienic , Palaungic , Southwestern Mandarin . 19°N 99°E  /  19°N 99°E  / 19; 99 Haripu%C3%B1jaya Haripuñjaya ( Central and Northern Thai : หริภุญชัย RTGS :  Hariphunchai , also spelled Haribhuñjaya )

180-412: Is 90,228 km (34,837 sq mi) or 52.5 percent of this four-region area. Within the northern region there are some sixty national parks . Chiang Mai Province has nine national parks of which Doi Inthanon National Park with the country's highest mountain and Op Luang National Park have a scenic river canyon, waterfalls, and caves. Doi Khun Tan National Park , which is located midway between

210-615: Is Karen. According to the UNHCR data of 2008, nearly 95,000 of Thailand's 121,000 registered refugees from Burma are housed in several refugee camps in Tak province of which Mae La camp is the largest with around 45,000 Karen refugees. The province is divided into nine districts ( amphoes ). These are further divided into 63 subdistricts ( tambons ) and 493 villages ( mubans ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Tak Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 19 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in

240-528: Is also known for its Loi Krathong festival where krathong sai (กระทงสาย) consisting of many krathongs are floated in a long line down the river. The Loi Krathong festival is held on the Ping River in Mueang Tak District on Loi Krathong night. Tak is a key communication and transportation centre of the north, with three Asian highways passing through the province. AH1 enters through

270-655: Is bound by the Salween River in the west and the Mekong in the east. The basins of rivers Ping , Wang , Yom , and Nan , all tributaries of the Chao Phraya River , in the central part run from north to south and are mostly very wide. The basins cut across the mountains of two great ranges, the Thanon Range in the western part and the Phi Pan Nam in the eastern. Their elevations are generally moderate,

300-485: Is depicted, as the garuda is the state symbol of Thailand. King Naresuan is shown pouring consecrated water on the ground, a symbolic act to declare independence. This refers to the war of 1584 with Burma , when Tak was the first border town to be liberated from Burmese control. The provincial slogan is, "A town of wonderful nature, huge Bhumiphol Dam, King Taksin The Great and beautiful forests". The provincial tree

330-851: Is the Asian Jatoba ( Xylia xylocarpa var. kerrii ), and the provincial flower is the Orchid tree ( Bauhinia sp. ). The cyprinid fish Hypsibarbus malcolmi is the provincial aquatic life. There are two main public hospitals in Tak: Somdejphrajaotaksin Maharaj Hospital and Mae Sot Hospital, both operated by the Ministry of Public Health . Agriculture is a major part of the Tak economy. The province of Tak produces rice , corn , vegetables , fruits , beef , tilapia , and other foods. Industries in Tak include granite quarrying and jewelry . Zinc mining

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360-538: Is the largest in Thailand. Taksin Maharat National Park , Namtok Pha Charoen National Park , Lan Sang National Park , and Khun Phawo National Parks are all in the province. Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary shares half of the lake front with Kanchanaburi and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary at the border with Uthai Thani and are World Heritage Sites . On the western side of Tak province

390-491: Is the sole official language in Thailand. However, in the six-region classification system, it is the second largest native language in Northern Thailand, amounting to roughly two hundred thousand people, found in the lower part of Uttaradit Province . Central Thai spoken in southern regions of Northern Thailand in the four-region classification system comprise a group of dialects classified as Ne. The main language

420-714: The Chao Phraya in Nakhon Sawan Province in the central region. Sirikit Dam is on the Nan River in Uttaradit Province. The northeastern part is drained by rivers flowing into the Mekong basin, like the Kok and Ing . The four-region system includes the northern parts of the central plain as well as some mountainous areas bordering the western and the northeastern limits. The total forest area

450-712: The Khun Tan Range , the Phi Pan Nam Range , as well as the western part of the Luang Prabang Range , form the natural region of the Thai highlands together with the former. The high mountains are incised by steep river valleys and upland areas that border the central plain. A series of rivers, including the Nan , Ping , Wang , Yom , and Nan , flow southwards through mountain valleys and join to form

480-697: The Tenasserim Hills meet the Dawna Range . One of the few transnational roads and cross-border points into Myanmar is at Mae Sot . Northwest of Mae Sot the main road on the Thai side skirts the border until it turns straight north towards Mae Hong Son . Tak province occupies 17,303 km (6,681 sq mi) and lies 426 km north of Bangkok. The total forest area is 12,455 km (4,809 sq mi) or 72 percent of provincial area. Four national parks and two national parks (preparation), along with two other national parks, make up region 14 (Tak) of Thailand's protected areas. There area

510-535: The Khmers in the twelfth century. Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments. The chronicles say that the Khmer unsuccessfully besieged Haripuñjaya several times during the 11th century. It is not clear if the chronicles describe actual or legendary events, but the other Dvaravati Mon kingdoms did in fact fall to the Khmers at this time. The early 13th century

540-508: The city was founded by a hermit named Suthep in 629 AD, and the Mon ruler of Lavo Kingdom (present-day Lopburi ) sent his daughter Jamadevi to become its first queen. However, this date is now considered too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD. At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city-states , known collectively as the Dvaravati kingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins,

570-545: The east side of the Ping River during the early Bangkok period . King Taksin was vice-governor of Tak before the Ayutthaya kingdom fell during the war with Burma. As his name was Sin , he became called Tak-Sin during his time in Tak. About a quarter of the population belongs to one of Thailand's tribe hill tribes : Yao , Karen ( Thai Kariang ), Akha (Thai Akha ), Lahu (Thai Musoe ), Hmong (Thai Mong ), and Lisu (Thai Lisaw ). The largest tribe in Tak

600-538: The older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboring Lampang . The local legend said that at the beginning of her reign, Haripuñjaya's Jamadevi was defeated by the Lawa dynasty's Vilanga  [ th ] , the 13th king of Raming Nakhon ( ระมิงค์นคร, present Chiang Mai ), but her 2 princes married the 2 princesses of King Vilanga and both dynasties became allies. The kingdom under King Adityaraja, came into conflict with

630-753: The population, which weakened Haripuñjaya and made it possible for Mangrai to take the kingdom over. Phraya Yi Ba, the last king of Haripuñjaya, was forced to flee south to Lampang . Names of monarchs of the Haripuñjaya kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai ( History of Kingdom of Haripuñjaya ): Tak Province Tak ( Thai : ตาก , pronounced [tàːk] ) is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces ( changwat ) and lies in lower northern Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Mae Hong Son , Chiang Mai , Lamphun , Lampang , Sukhothai , Kamphaeng Phet , Nakhon Sawan , Uthai Thani and Kanchanaburi . The western edge of

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660-597: The province has a long boundary with Kayin State of Myanmar ( Burma ). The Bhumibol Dam (named after King Bhumibol Adulyadej , the old name was Yanhee Dam ) is in Khao Kaew Tambon (sub-district), Sam Ngao District of Tak and was built from 1958 to 1964. It stops the river Ping , one of the two sources of the Chao Phraya River. The artificial lake created covers an area of 300 km and

690-400: The province. Mae Sot has city ( thesaban nakhon ) status. Tak has town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 17 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 49 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). The provincial seal shows King Naresuan on the royal elephant. Sometimes below the elephant a garuda

720-489: The six-region system, includes most of the mountainous natural region of the Thai highlands . In the four-region classification system , northern Thailand gains the eight upper-central-region provinces: Kamphaeng Phet , Nakhon Sawan , Phetchabun , Phichit , Phitsanulok , Sukhothai , Uthai Thani and Tak , bringing the total to 17 provinces. In 2019 it is common to subdivide the northern region into: nine provinces of

750-496: The two provincial capitals of province Lampang and Lamphun, is best known for Thailand's longest railroad tunnel, which is 1,352 metres (4,436 ft) long. Doi Phu Kha National Park in province Nan is northern Thailand's largest national park. The northern region, as defined by the National Geographical Committee in 1978, consists of nine provinces . Geographically the division, in conformance with

780-404: The upper northern region and eight provinces of the lower northern region. All websites of these eight provinces state: "located in the lower northern region". For FY 2018, Northern Thailand Region had a combined economic output of 1,266 trillion baht (US$ 40.8 billion), or 7.7 percent of Thailand's GDP. Lamphun province had an economic output of 84.395 billion baht (US$ 2.7 billion). This equates to

810-529: Was a Mon kingdom in what is now Northern Thailand , existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th century CE . Its capital was at Lamphun , which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya. In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Tai kingdom of Lan Na . The kingdom is referred to as K'un-lun in ancient Chinese records. According to the Camadevivamsa and " Jinakalamali " chronicles,

840-539: Was a golden time for Haripuñjaya, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Haripuñjaya was besieged in 1292 by the Tai Yuan king Mangrai , who incorporated it into his Lan Na ("One Million Rice Fields") kingdom. The plan set up by Mangrai to overpower Haripuñjaya began by dispatching Ai Fa ( Thai : อ้ายฟ้า ) on an espionage mission to create chaos in Haripuñjaya. Ai Fa managed to spread discontent among

870-565: Was established by Jamadevi (พระนางจามเทวี), princess of the Lavo kingdom, around 663 CE. It became part of the Sukhothai kingdom through battles led by Ramkhamhaeng the Great and formed the main fortress on the western front. The city was moved further west and renamed Mueang Rahang when the Ayuthaya kingdom was lost to Burma during King Maha Thammaracha's reign. The city was moved back to

900-558: Was formerly conducted in Mae Sot District . Handicrafts and Myanmar products are also important for trade. The Bhumibol Dam in the northern part of Tak is its most popular tourist attraction. Tourism, especially ecotourism , in the southern part is seasonal with popular destinations such as the Thi Lo Su Waterfall , Thi Lo Le Waterfall, hiking and white water rafting in its various forest reserves. Tak

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