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36-810: On February 15, 1882, during a period of depressed farm prices and drought, a group of nine Arkansas farmers led by W. W. Tedford, W. A. Suit and W. Taylor McBee met at the McBee Schoolhouse eight miles south of Des Arc in Prairie County in eastern Arkansas and formed the Wattensas Farmers' Club . The club vowed to improve the lives of farmers, improve their education and knowledge, and improve communications between them. Many Arkansas farmers were suffering under what they viewed as oppressive mortgages (known as anaconda mortgages ) and were heavily in debt. The Wheel's early platform reflected

72-530: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ). Prairie County experiences all four seasons, although summers can be extremely hot and humid and winters are mild with little snow. July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 92 °F (33.3 °C) and an average low of 73 °F (22.8 °C). Temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are not uncommon. January is the coldest month with an average high of 48 °F (8.9 °C) and an average low of 31 °F (−0.6 °C). The highest temperature

108-495: A full-time District Judge elected to a four-year term by a districtwide election. Superseding district court jurisdiction is the 17th Judicial Circuit Court , which covers Prairie and White counties. The 17th Circuit contains three circuit judges, elected to six-year terms circuitwide. Circuit court is held in Searcy . The circuit also contains a drug court . Home counties Sometimes included: The home counties are

144-657: A merger between the Wheel and the Farmers' Alliance was proposed. The two organizations met jointly in 1889 in Birmingham, Alabama and merged that same year. Centered largely in the state of Arkansas the Agricultural Wheel sought association with other farm protest organizations outside the state. Merger talks had begun as early as 1887 between these protest groups. Besides the similarity of their political goals

180-497: A policy it held until merger with the Farmers' Alliance. By the time of the 1887 meeting, the membership of the national organization was over 500,000 farmers from Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi , Missouri , Indian Territory , and Wisconsin . The growing political clout of the organization led it to promulgate a platform consisting of the following demands: In 1888 at the national meeting in Meridian, Mississippi

216-672: A separate but similar organization, known as the Brothers of Freedom was formed in Johnson County, Arkansas also seeking to increase the economic power of small farmers in opposition to monopolists and big business. One of the founders was Isaac McCracken, a farmer and former machinist and who had experience with labor unions in the Northern United States , including a membership in the Knights of Labor . Over time,

252-550: Is a city on the White River in the Arkansas Delta , United States. It is the largest city in Prairie County , Arkansas , and the county seat for the county's northern district. Incorporated in 1854, Des Arc's position on the river has shaped its culture, history, and economy, beginning as a major lumber shipping port but leaving the city vulnerable to major floods in 1927 and 1937. As river shipping declined, Des Arc

288-685: Is a subregion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain , which is a flat area consisting of rich, fertile sediment deposits from the Mississippi River between Louisiana and Illinois . The White River Lowlands contain swamps and forests, in contrast to southern portions of Prairie County within the Grand Prairie , a subdivision of the Arkansas Delta known today for rice farming and aquaculture. According to

324-528: Is also wholly outside, and Berkshire almost wholly outside, the route of the M25 motorway , which is often treated as an unofficial perimeter of Greater London , and some definitions mention that those counties are not always included amongst the home counties, or that the term has been extended to include them. The home counties have been characterised as being "inhabited on the whole by 'nice', comfortable, and conformist middle-class people " (1987) exemplified by

360-762: Is balancing the city's budget and passing ordinances. Des Arc is served by the Des Arc School District . The city is served by the Des Arc Police Department and the Des Arc Fire Department. The city is under the jurisdiction of the 23rd District Court, a state district court . State district courts in Arkansas are courts of original jurisdiction for criminal, civil (up to $ 25,000), small claims, and traffic matters. State district courts are presided over by

396-535: Is elected by a citywide election to serve as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the city by presiding over all city functions, policies, rules and laws. Once elected, the mayor also allocates duties to city employees. Mayors serve four-year terms and can serve unlimited terms. The city council is the unicameral legislative of the City, consisting of six aldermen. Also included in the council's duties

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432-621: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km ), of which 2.0 square miles (5.2 km ) is land and 0.49% is water. Des Arc is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) east of Little Rock and 95 miles (153 km) west of Memphis , Tennessee . Within Prairie County, Des Arc is the northernmost city, located 10–15 miles (16–24 km) north of Hazen , DeValls Bluff , and Fredonia (Biscoe) . Prairie County has

468-552: The counties of England that surround London . The counties are not precisely defined but Berkshire , Buckinghamshire , Hertfordshire , Essex , Kent and Surrey are usually included in definitions as, except Berkshire, they all border London. Other counties slightly further from London – such as Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire , Hampshire , Oxfordshire , East Sussex and West Sussex – are not always regarded as home counties, although on occasion may be thought of as such due to their proximity to London and their connection to

504-527: The "maps of the home counties". In reviewing S. P. B. Mais 's The Home Counties (Batsford The Face of Britain series, 1942), Norah Richardson noted that "the home counties" was a term in constant use but hard to define, but that Mais's definition of "the five counties around London County – Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent and Surrey" could not be improved upon. The term is sometimes understood to mean those counties which, on their borders closest to London, have been partly subsumed into London. Indeed,

540-474: The 1880s, small farmers rarely journeyed to the county seat of their home counties . The Agricultural Wheel continued to exist as a separate organization until 1889 when it merged with the National Farmers' Alliance to form the Farmers' and Laborers' Union of America. Historian Theodore Saloutos wrote that: Des Arc, Arkansas Des Arc ( / ˈ d ɛ z . ɑːr k / DEZ-ark )

576-417: The Agricultural Wheel and the other farm protest organization shared the same organizational structure. The Agricultural Wheel and the other farm protest organizations anticipating merger were organized on the basis of small clubs of farmers organized at the neighborhood level. Even organization at the county level had proved to be impractical. County level organization was too large and not "local enough." In

612-471: The French, including Des Arc and other places in Prairie County such as La Grue . Des Arc was founded in 1854. A map shows the original town included 80 residential blocks, and two blocks for a commercial district. The gridded street pattern has never been fully developed, though most of the streets and blocks match the 1854 plan. The gridded east-west street pattern began with a street named McNulty Street in

648-714: The London regional economy. The origin of the term "home counties" is uncertain. Marcus Crouch , writing in 1975, thought that it derived from the Home Counties Circuit of courts that had surrounded London since at least the 18th century. Looking further back, he suggested that it included the counties in which, since the Tudor period , it has been possible for civil servants and politicians to have their country homes and still be able to travel into London without excessive delay when they were needed. The earliest use of

684-422: The age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under

720-462: The age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 23,750, and the median income for a family was $ 28,264. Males had a median income of $ 26,250 versus $ 17,500 for females. The per capita income for

756-581: The area began in the Lower White River Valley while the area was within French Louisiana , which lasted from 1686-1763. French from Canada and South Louisiana passed through the area while hunting and trapping bears and other animals. They shipped furs and bear oil downriver to Arkansas Post , which was the only established settlement in the region, then likely onto New Orleans . During this period, several places were named by

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792-509: The city was $ 14,629. About 16.3% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 32.2% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over. Des Arc has seven properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places , including Bethel House , at Erwin and 2nd Streets, designed by architect Charles L. Thompson . Des Arc operates within the mayor-city council form of government. The mayor

828-496: The city. The population density was 948.0 inhabitants per square mile (366.0/km ). There were 850 housing units at an average density of 416.9 per square mile (161.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 83.03% White , 14.80% Black or African American , 1.30% Native American , 0.31% Asian , 0.62% from other races , and 0.93% from two or more races. 1.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 783 households, out of which 30.0% had children under

864-651: The county of Surrey which has been described as possessing quintessential home counties characteristics of "a comfortable plasticised commuterland with respectable villas and neatly mown lawns interspersed with patches of mild scenery". In fiction, the character of Margot Leadbetter in the BBC sitcom The Good Life , set in Surbiton , formerly in Surrey, has been described by The Spectator as "a Home Counties Conservative to her fingertips". Marcus Crouch , however, has made

900-725: The former county of Middlesex has been almost wholly within London since 1965 as have parts of Kent, Hertfordshire and Surrey, although the county continues to exist as a cultural and historic entity. The third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (2010) defines the term as "the English counties surrounding London, into which London has extended. They comprise chiefly Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Hertfordshire." Parts of all of those historic counties are, since 1965, officially within London, although no part of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire or Sussex is. The county of Sussex

936-410: The legislature to postpone the collection of taxes. By 1883 the organization consisted of over 500 members in Arkansas. At the organization's meeting in the spring a state Wheel was established and deputies were appointed to spread the word to neighboring states and seek to establish local wheels in those states. The Wheel was limited to white male farmers and mechanics engaged in agriculture. In 1882,

972-527: The north, near where present-day Highway 38 is located along the northern edge of the city. The southernmost east-west street was Barrier Street. The town ran from Foster Street (present-day First Street) on the eastern side, to present-day Eighth Street. Des Arc is located in the Lower White River segment of the Arkansas Delta (in Arkansas, usually referred to as "the Delta"). The Arkansas Delta

1008-557: The organization grew to attract former Grange and Greenback Party members in a sixteen-county area of northwestern Arkansas, where the rocky soil and hills was not conducive to cotton farming. In October 1885 the Wheel absorbed the Brothers of Freedom by a vote of both organizations, becoming official in July 1886. McCracken would become president of the Wheel in 1886. In 1886 delegates from Arkansas, Kentucky and Tennessee gathered at

1044-429: The perception that South East England, the official region of England in which most of the home counties are located, was universally wealthy as inaccurate and noted that 500,000 people in the region lived in areas that were within the 20% most deprived areas in the country with deprivation concentrated in coastal areas such as Margate (Kent) and Hastings (East Sussex). Significant areas of deprivation were also found in

1080-571: The point that the home counties have been more affected by migration from within and without the United Kingdom than any other region of the country, making them the most cosmopolitan region of England and meaning that there is no typical home counties inhabitant. One result of this diversity, he argues, is that local loyalties are shallower in the home counties than in, for instance, Yorkshire or parts of Scotland where there has been less population mobility. Marcus Crouch has identified one of

1116-511: The principal characteristics of the home counties as being a shared chalk geology that is broadly mirrored north and south of the Thames . The home counties are some of the wealthiest in Britain with the towns of Virginia Water , Esher and Weybridge , all in Surrey, ranked in one 2019 survey as having some of the highest average house prices in the country. However, a 2011 report described

Agricultural Wheel - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-488: The prior work of The Grange , an earlier agricultural organization supporting producerism who had largely faded by 1882. Within a short time it was suggested that the organization change its name. The choices were between "The Poor Man's Friend" and "The Agricultural Wheel" which was the name finally selected. The situation did not improve in Arkansas that year and farmers were in such desperate straits that they called upon Governor of Arkansas Thomas J. Churchill to ask

1188-902: The term cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1695. Charles Davenant , in An Essay upon Ways and Means of Supplying the War , wrote, "The Eleven Home Counties, which are thought in Land Taxes to pay more than their proportion, viz. Surry [ sic ] with Southwark , Hertfordshire , Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire , Kent , Essex , Norfolk , and Suffolk , Berks , Bucks , and Oxfordshire ." Later definitions have tended to be more narrow and Bacon's Large Scale Atlas of London and Suburbs (revised edition c. 1912) includes Berkshire, Buckingham, Essex, Hertford, Kent, Middlesex and Surrey in

1224-524: The town of Litchfield, Arkansas, to establish the National Agricultural Wheel and an official newspaper for the organization. The national organization allowed women into the organization, and the establishment of segregated Wheel lodges for non-white Wheelers, though members could attend white Wheel meetings as "guests". Among farmers' organizations of the period the Wheel was remarkable for refusal to hold racially segregated meetings,

1260-457: Was 109 °F (42.8 °C), and the lowest temperature recorded was −5 °F (−21 °C). Record snowfall in Des Arc occurred January 7, 1912, with 18 inches (46 cm). As of the 2020 United States census , there were 1,905 people, 715 households, and 446 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,933 people, 783 households, and 534 families residing in

1296-422: Was bypassed by railroads, Interstate highways , and much of the post-industrial society . Des Arc's history is preserved by seven listings on the National Register of Historic Places , and the region's history is interpreted at Lower White River Museum State Park . The city's population stopped growing in the 1980s and has been declining since, with a population of 1,717 at the 2010 Census . White settlement in

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