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34-570: The General Orders of the Department of the Navy which established the medal states, "The medal will be awarded to the officers and enlisted men of the Navy who were confirmed to have landed on foreign territory and engaged in operations against armed opposition, or operated under circumstances which, after full consideration, shall be deemed to merit special recognition and for which service no campaign medal has been awarded. The Navy Expeditionary Medal

68-601: A 1929 addition designed by H. Brooks Price, became the academy's Annex and houses additional gallery space. In 2009, the space between the Annex and the administration building was turned into a new entrance link, designed by Vincent Czajka with Pei Cobb Freed & Partners . Members of the academy are chosen for life and have included some of the American art scene's leading figures. They are organized into committees that award annual prizes to up-and-coming artists. Although

102-483: A decades-long shadow in his one-man war against encroaching modernism, blackballing such writers as H. L. Mencken , F. Scott Fitzgerald , and T. S. Eliot (before his emigration to England disqualified him for full membership). Former Harvard president Charles William Eliot declined election to the academy "because he was already in so many societies that he didn't want to add to the number". Although never explicitly excluded, women were not elected to membership in

136-482: A two-tiered structure: 50 academicians and 200 regular members. Academicians were gradually elected over the next several years. The elite group (academicians) were called the "Academy", and the larger group (regular members) was called the "Institute". This strict two-tiered system persisted for 72 years (1904–1976). In 1908, the poet Julia Ward Howe was elected to the AAA, becoming the first female academician. In 1976,

170-618: Is a 300-member honor society whose goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature , music , and art . Its fixed number membership is elected for lifetime appointments. Its headquarters is in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City . It shares Audubon Terrace , a Beaux Arts / American Renaissance complex on Broadway between West 155th and 156th Streets, with

204-840: Is one of the saddest reminders of the destruction of Penn Station in 1963, but two of his eagles were retained as trophies outside the entrance to the new subterranean Penn Station . Elsewhere he created the dramatic frieze on the Elks National Veterans Memorial in Chicago and executed sculpture for the Post Office Department Building, the Jefferson Memorial , and the interior of the U.S. Supreme Court , all in Washington, D.C. Weinman's non-architectural works include

238-495: Is retroactively authorized to February 12, 1874." The medal was designed by A. A. Weinman and features a sailor beaching a craft carrying Marines, an officer, and a US flag with the word "Expeditions" above. On the reverse of both the Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal and Navy Expeditionary Medal, in the center of the bronze medallion an eagle is shown alight upon an anchor; the eagle is facing to

272-596: The 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949. Weinman's works are mostly executed in a lyrical neoclassical style . His figures typically wear classical drapery, but there is a fluidity found in his work that is a harbinger of the Art Deco style that was to follow him. His bronze statuette The Nude Golfer epitomizes this style. This work evokes classical sculpture in its attention to anatomy and movement and

306-878: The Armed Services of the United States . Among these are the identical reverses of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal , the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal , and the American Campaign Medal . Weinman was one of many sculptors and artists who employed Audrey Munson as a model. Weinman's work as an architectural sculptor can be found on the Wisconsin , Missouri , and Louisiana state capitols. He became

340-522: The Art Students League of New York with sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Philip Martiny . He worked as an assistant to the sculptors Charles Niehaus , Olin Warner , and Daniel Chester French before opening his own studio in 1904. Although Weinman is now best remembered as a medalist , he considered himself to be an architectural sculptor . His steadiest income was derived from

374-523: The French Academy . The AAA's first seven academicians were elected from ballots cast by the NIAL membership. They were William Dean Howells , Samuel L. Clemens , Edmund Clarence Stedman , and John Hay , representing literature; Augustus Saint-Gaudens and John La Farge , representing art; and Edward MacDowell , representing music. The NIAL membership increased in 1904, with the introduction of

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408-507: The Hispanic Society of America and Boricua College . The academy's galleries are open to the public on a published schedule. Exhibits include an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, photographs and works on paper by contemporary artists nominated by its members, and an annual exhibition of works by newly elected members and recipients of honors and awards. A permanent exhibit of the recreated studio of composer Charles Ives

442-862: The U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1929 to 1933. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters , the National Institute of Arts and Letters , the National Academy of Design , and the New York City Art Commission , among other organizations. Weinman died in Port Chester, New York , on August 8, 1952. Following a Mass at Manhattan 's St. Patrick's Cathedral , he was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Queens . Weinman's papers are at

476-711: The Macomb and the Maybury monuments in Detroit . Another example of his non-architectural work is his Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky) located in the center of Hodgenville, Kentucky . Weinman collaborated with Polish American sculptor Joseph Kiselewski to create a sculpture on the Bronx County Court House in New York City in the early 1930s. Weinman was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in

510-426: The NIAL and AAA merged, under the name American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. The combined Academy/Institute structure had a maximum of 250 living U.S. citizens as members, plus up to 75 foreign composers, artists, and writers as honorary members. It also established the annual Witter Bynner Poetry Prize in 1980 to support young poets. The election of foreign honorary members persisted until 1993, when it

544-743: The Smithsonian Archives of American Art . His son Robert Weinman was also a sculptor. His son Howard Weinman designed the Long Island Tercentenary half dollar commemorative coin. Despite his objections, Weinman is still best remembered as the designer of the Walking Liberty Half Dollar , a design now used for the obverse of the American Silver Eagle one-ounce bullion coin, and the "Mercury" dime along with various medals for

578-519: The U.S. military history, with only 68 eligible recipients. Adolph Alexander Weinman Adolph Alexander Weinman (December 11, 1870 – August 8, 1952) was a German -born American sculptor and architectural sculptor . Adolph Alexander Weinman was born in Durmersheim , near Karlsruhe , Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1885 at the age of 14. At the age of 15, he attended evening classes at Cooper Union and later studied at

612-473: The academy, which functions independently. Active sponsors of Congressional action were Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts and former President Theodore Roosevelt . The process that led to the creation of this federal charter was controversial and the first attempt to gain the charter in 1910 failed. Lodge reintroduced legislation, which passed the Senate in 1913. The academy was incorporated under

646-493: The early years. The admission of Julia Ward Howe in January 1908 (at age 88) as the first woman in the academy was only one incident in the intense debate about the consideration of female members. In 1926, the election of four women— Edith Wharton , Margaret Deland , Agnes Repplier and Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman —was said to have "marked the letting down of the bars to women". The first African-American woman member-elect

680-860: The laurel is symbolic of victory and achievement. The medal is one of the few Navy awards which are not concurrently bestowed to the United States Marine Corps , as Marine Corps personnel are eligible for the Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal as an equivalent award. In addition, since 1961, some Navy commands have permitted service members to choose between the Navy Expeditionary Medal and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for participation in certain operations. Both awards may not be bestowed simultaneously for

714-845: The laws of the State of New York in 1914, which resulted in Congressional approval in 1916. The academy occupies three buildings on the west end of the Audubon Terrace complex created by Archer M. Huntington , the heir to the Southern Pacific Railroad fortune and a noted philanthropist. To help convince the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the National Institute of Arts and Letters, which were separate but related organizations at

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748-441: The left and the flukes of the anchor are to the right. The eagle is grasping sprigs of laurel, which extend beyond the anchor in both directions. Above the eagle are the words UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS or UNITED STATES NAVY presented as an arch. Above the laurel are the words FOR SERVICE presented horizontally. The eagle is the American bald eagle and represents the United States, the anchor alludes to Marine Corps or Navy service, and

782-406: The names of some of the organization's members may not be well-known today, each was well known in their time. Greatness and pettiness are demonstrable among the academy members, even during the first decade, when William James declined his nomination on the grounds that his little brother Henry had been elected first. One of the giants of the academy in his time, Robert Underwood Johnson , casts

816-459: The nude status of the athlete while the subject, a modern golfer , provides a modern twist. Weinman also taught; among his pupils was Eleanor Mary Mellon . The reverse shows an architectural tablet inscribed with “Gold Medal” and “Louisiana Purchase Exposition”. Below the tablet are two dolphins symbolizing the nations’ eastern and western boundaries, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Above

850-568: The sale of small bronze reproductions of his larger works, such as Descending Night , originally commissioned for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition , San Francisco, 1915. Weinman was a member of the National Sculpture Society and served as its president from 1927 to 1930. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics . He served on

884-474: The same action. Additional awards of the Navy Expeditionary Medal are denoted by service stars . The Wake Island Device is authorized for those service members who were awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal through the defense of Wake Island . As the vast majority of the defenders of Wake Island were U.S. Marines, the Navy Expeditionary Medal with the Wake Island device is one of the rarest awards in

918-474: The sculptor of choice for the architecture firm McKim, Mead, and White and designed sculpture for their Manhattan Municipal Building , Madison Square Presbyterian Church (completed 1906 and demolished 1919), Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument , and Pennsylvania Railroad Station (completed 1910 and demolished 1963), all in New York City . A photograph of one of his angels, Day , in a landfill in New Jersey

952-411: The tablet is a large eagle with its wings spread. The inscription reads “Gold Medal (Silver and Bronze Medals were also given out) Louisiana Purchase Exposition 1904”. In addition to the medal a diploma of award was also given to the recipient. The medal weights approximately 3.5 ounces. Notes Bibliography National Institute of Arts and Letters The American Academy of Arts and Letters

986-454: The time, to move to the complex, Huntington established building funds and endowments for both. The first building, on the complex's south side, along West 155th Street , was designed by William M. Kendall of McKim, Mead & White ; Kendall was also a member of the academy. This Anglo-Italian Renaissance administration building was designed in 1921 and opened in 1923. On the north side, another building housing an auditorium and gallery

1020-495: Was Gwendolyn Brooks in 1976. Below is a partial list of past members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and its successor institution, the National Institute and Academy of Arts and Letters: The award, a certificate and $ 1,000, goes to a United States resident who has "rendered notable service to the arts". The academy gives out numerous awards, with recipients chosen by committees of academy members. Candidates for awards must be nominated by Academy members, except for

1054-584: Was abandoned. The academy holds a Congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code (42 USC 20301 et seq.), making it one of the country's comparatively rare "Title 36" corporations. The 1916 statute of incorporation established this institution among a small number of other similarly chartered patriotic and national organizations. The federal incorporation was originally construed primarily as an honor. The special recognition neither implies nor accords Congress any special control over

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1088-634: Was designed by Cass Gilbert , also an academy member, and built in 1928–1930. These additions to the complex necessitated considerable alterations to the Audubon Terrace plaza, which were designed by McKim, Mead & White. In 2007, the American Numismatic Society , which had occupied a Charles P. Huntington -designed building immediately to the east of the academy's original building, vacated that space to move to smaller quarters downtown. This building, which incorporates

1122-559: Was opened in 2014. The auditorium is sought out by musicians and engineers wishing to record live, as the acoustics are considered among the city's finest. Hundreds of commercial recordings have been made there. The American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters was formed from three parent organizations. The first, the American Social Science Association , was founded in 1865 in Boston . The second

1156-413: Was the National Institute of Arts and Letters , which ASSA's membership created in 1898. The qualification for membership in the NIAL was notable achievement in art, music, or literature. The NIAL's membership was at first limited to 150 (all men). The third organization was the American Academy of Arts , which NIAL's membership created in 1904 as a preeminent national arts institution, styling itself after

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