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18-438: The earliest documentation of Naila dates at 9 January 1343. The first settlements in the area around Naila probably happened between the 12th and 14th century. The name Naila first appeared as "Neulins" (and variations thereof), has its origins most likely in the meaning "Small new settlement". In 1454, Naila was awarded a coat of arms by its overlord, Margrave John . After a brief episode under Prussian reign (1792–1810), Naila

36-420: Is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria , Germany . It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities. The Upper Palatinate is a landscape with low mountains and numerous ponds and lakes in its lowland regions. By contrast with other regions of Germany it is more rural in character and more sparsely settled. It borders (clockwise from the north) on Upper Franconia ,

54-795: The Czech Republic , Lower Bavaria , Upper Bavaria and Middle Franconia . Notable regions are: At the beginning of the High Middle Ages the region now known as the Upper Palatinate was part of the Bavarian March of the Nordgau . The region took its current name no earlier than the early 14th century. From the mid-13th century, much of the region was controlled by the Wittelsbach dynasty and until 1329

72-644: The Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Upper Palatinate remained under the Elector of Bavaria, and has remained a part of Bavaria ever since. The smaller territories of Neuburg and Sulzbach came to Bavaria in 1777 when Charles Theodore, Elector Palatine inherited the Bavarian lands of his Wittelsbach cousin Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria . The city of Regensburg , an Imperial Free City ,

90-481: The electoral dignity for himself. John was poorly received by the populace of Brandenburg, as his administration was incompetent, leading to unrest in the countryside. Rather than governing, John was more interested in artificially creating gold through alchemy , thereby receiving the cognomen "the Alchemist". In 1433, a revised version of the alchemical treatise Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit of Ulmannus

108-537: The Palatinate (German: Pfalz ); it is from this territory that the modern German state of Rhineland-Palatinate derives its name. By contrast, the territory to the east centred on Amberg became known as the Upper Palatinate (German: Oberpfalz ), upper and lower in this case referring to the elevation of the territories (compare Low and High German , Upper and Lower Lusatia , Upper and Lower Lorraine , Low Countries , Lower Saxony ). Cadet branches of

126-899: The Wittelsbach dynasty also ruled over smaller territories in Neuburg and Sulzbach . As a result of the Elector Palatine Frederick V 's abortive claim to the Bohemian throne in 1619–1620, the Upper Palatinate, along with the rest of his lands, were declared forfeit to the Emperor and, along with the Electoral title, given to the Duke of Bavaria . Although the Lower Palatinate was restored to Frederick's son by

144-705: The abdication of his father, Frederick I , the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule Brandenburg. John was the eldest son of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg (1371–1440), and Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut (1383–1442), daughter of Frederick, Duke of Bavaria , and his second wife Maddalena Visconti . After marrying Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg (1405–1465), daughter of Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg , John hoped to eventually succeed to Saxe-Wittenberg once its line of Ascanian dukes died out. When this happened in November 1422, however, Emperor Sigismund

162-435: The area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus, the district name of Regenkreis was changed to Upper Palatinate. Landkreise (districts): Kreisfreie Städte (district-free towns): Historical Population of Upper Palatinate: The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €47.3 billion in 2018, accounting for 1.4% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

180-850: The castle of Plassenburg in Kulmbach . In his later years, he allowed Christopher of Bavaria to administer his possessions in the Upper Palatinate until Christopher's death in 1448. John ruled as Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach until abdicating in 1457, which allowed him to dedicate himself toward studying alchemy and the environs of Franconia. He died in Castle Scharfeneck near Baiersdorf in 1464. John of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg had four children: Upper Palatinate The Upper Palatinate ( German : Oberpfalz , pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌp͡falt͡s] , Bavarian : Obapfoiz, Owerpfolz )

198-668: The fashion of the French departments , quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers. In the following years, due to territorial changes (e.g. the loss of Tyrol , the addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise in the kingdom was reduced to 8. One of these was the Regenkreis ( Regen District). In 1837, king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of

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216-694: Was included into the newly-established Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1818, it was awarded town privileges and in 1886, a railroad station was opened in Naila. After World War II , the Iron Curtain , just 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Naila, cut off a large part of the market for the local industries. The town was the seat of the then district of Naila until this was merged into Hof district in 1972, and had to give up their number-plate code NAI in favour of HO. The villages of Marxgrün, Lippertsgrün and Marlesreuth were incorporated to Naila in 1978. In 1979, Naila

234-627: Was not joined with the rest of the region until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and the end of the short-lived Principality of Regensburg under Carl von Dalberg , which existed from 1803 to 1810. After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria , the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative districts (German: Regierungsbezirke ; singular Regierungsbezirk ) called Kreise (literally "Circles", singular: Kreis ). They were created in

252-650: Was on poorer terms with the Hohenzollerns and was only willing to compensate John with a monetary payment. John began participating in governmental affairs in Brandenburg in 1424. Frustrated by disputes with the feudal nobility, Frederick I retired to his castle at Cadolzburg in Franconia in 1425, granting the regency of Brandenburg to John at a Landtag in Rathenow on 13 January 1426, while retaining

270-481: Was prepared for John. Realizing the danger Brandenburg was in, Frederick I granted John Franconian lands in Brandenburg-Kulmbach on 7 June 1437, territory rich with mines that furnished materials for the Alchemist's hobby. The governance of Brandenburg passed to Frederick I's second-oldest son, Frederick II . After the death of Frederick I in 1440, John inherited all of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, including

288-625: Was ruled by the Wittelsbach Elector Palatine as part of the larger County Palatine of the Rhine (German: Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein ). By the 1329 Treaty of Pavia , the Wittelsbach territories were divided between two branches of the dynasty. The territory around the Rhine river in the west became known as the Rhenish Palatinate (German: Rheinpfalz ) or Lower Palatinate, and is today usually known simply as

306-479: Was the landing site of the Strelzyk and Wetzel families' famous homemade hot-air balloon escape from East Germany . The numbers are with the incorporated districts. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach John , nicknamed the Alchemist ( German : Johann der Alchimist ; 1406 – 16 November 1464) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and served as the peace-loving Margrave of Brandenburg after

324-688: Was €39,200 or 130% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 103% of the EU average. Major tourist attractions include the former ducal residences Regensburg with the Walhalla nearby and Amberg , the city of Weiden and Waldsassen Abbey including the Kappl Trinity church nearby. Scenic attractions include the river Danube and the Upper Palatine Forest . A sight

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