76-501: Naini Tal, also known as Naini Lake , is a natural freshwater body, situated amidst the town of Nainital in Kumaon , Uttarakhand , India . It is tectonic in origin and was almost circular,until frequent landslides made it crescent shaped and has an outfall at the southeastern end. Nainital, along with other lakes of Kumaon , is integral to tourism and recreation in Kumaon. The lake
152-510: A temperate zone ), is rich in flora (typical temperate climate plants) and fauna, the details of the flora and fauna specific to the lake and its surroundings recorded are the following. The trees and bushes grown in the region (lake's basin) with their botanical and common Indian names (in parentheses) are reported to be: a) Quercus leucotrichophora Oak (Banj); b) Aesculus indica (Pangar or Horse chestnuts); c) Juglans regia (Akhrot or walnut), d) Populus ciliata (Hill Pipal,
228-500: A brief moment of success under the leadership of a Khasiya of Ramgarh, but were later subdued with ruthlessness by Balo Kalyan Chand. The Kumaon Hills came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16). The hill station town of Naini Tal was founded only in 1841, with the construction of the first European house (Pilgrim Lodge) by P. Barron, a sugar trader from Shahjahanpur . In his memoir, he wrote: "It
304-528: A continuous rise since then, with subsequent census reports returning a population of 12350 in 1951 , 14495 in 1961 , 23986 in 1971, 24835 in 1981, 29837 in 1991 , 38630 in 2001 , and 41377 in 2011 . Hinduism is the largest religion in Nainital, with 85.61% of residents identifying as Hindus in the 2011 Census. The town's religious profile is highly diverse, Nainital has a significant number of people from Muslim , Sikh and Christian communities. Islam
380-508: A day-boarding and residential school built by Irish brothers. in 1888, celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2013. Another important school for girls, St. Mary's Convent High School, Nainital (popularly known as Ramnee), was established in 1878, and celebrated its 125th anniversary in year 2003. Quercus leucotrichophora Quercus leucotrichophora is a tree belonging to Family Fagaceae ; commonly known as Banjh oak , Banj oak ( Uttarakhand ) and Ban oak ( Himachal ). In Nepal, it
456-482: A few small dykes intrusives, is the dominant geological formation of Nainital's surroundings, although, Nodules , laminae and stringers of phosphatic material, followed upward by the purple-green shales intercalated with muddy fine-grained sandstone and siltstone; recognised as the Tal Formation; are also prevalent. The region has a complex geological framework; the rocks are fragile and newly formed. The town
532-469: A few small dykes intrusives, is the dominant geological formation of the lake's surroundings. The lake is deduced to have been formed tectonically . Balia Nala, which is the main stream feeding the lake is along a fault line and the subsequent streams align parallel to major joints and faults . 26 major drains feed the lake including the 3 perennial drains. The lake catchment has highly folded and faulted rocks due to poly phase deformation. Landslides are
608-454: A frequent occurrence in the hill slopes surrounding the lake, which are steep. The slopes are highly vulnerable to landslides and mass movement due to various geological and human factors. Several landslides have occurred in the past (pictured) around the lake. Many settlements around the lake are located in landslide areas. While the Nainital district where the lake is situated (in the middle Himalayan ranges up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft),
684-464: A sacred tree), Fraxinus micrantha (Ash tree or Angu), Platanus orientalis (Chinar), Rubus lasiocarpus (Hisalu), Rosa moschata (Kunj or Musk rose), Berberis asiatica (Kilmora), Cupressus torulosa (Surai or Himalayan cypress ), Rhododendron arboreum (Buruns), Cedrus deodara (Deodar), Salix acmophylla ( Weeping Willow ), and Pinus (Pine). Several species of medicinal flora and horticulture plants have also been found in
760-454: A sacred tree); e) Fraxinus micrantha (Ash tree or Angu); f) Platanus orientalis (Chinar); g) Rubus lasiocarpus (Hisalu); h) Rosa moschata (Kunj or Musk rose); i) Berberis asiatica (Kilmora);j) Cupressus torulosa (Surai or Himalayan cypress ); k) Rhododendron arboreum (Buruns); Cedrus deodara (Deodar); l) Salix acmophylla ( Weeping Willow ); and m) Pinus (Pine). The Aquatic Macrophytic vegetation recorded are
836-571: A short spell of cold. The onset of the summer in the hills is relatively earlier than the plains and is also very lengthy and humid. The mean temperature in July and August goes down and humidity rises abruptly during this season. The monsoon usually begins by mid-May when the rain strikes and continue until mid-October. Nainital, due to its proximity to the outermost high ranges of the Himalaya, receives high annual rainfall. Generally, by mid-September,
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#1732775790129912-484: A wedding in Nainital in 1950 that left 22 people dead. The town of Nainital covers a total area of 11.73 km (4.53 sq mi), and is located at 29°23′N 79°27′E / 29.38°N 79.45°E / 29.38; 79.45 , at an average elevation of 2,084 metres (6,837 ft) above sea level. The slopes of the nearby mountains are most populated, with an altitude ranging from 1,940–2,100 m (6,360–6,890 ft). The highest point nearby
988-458: Is 1,433 m (1,567 yd) long and 463 m (506 yd) wide, and is approximately two miles in circumference. The bed of the lake is at a depth of 85 m (93 yd) near Pashandevi, the deepest point of the lake. The lake is deduced to have been formed tectonically . Balia Nala, which is the main stream feeding the lake is along a fault line and the subsequent streams align parallel to major joints and faults . 26 major drains feed
1064-542: Is July with temperature ranging from 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) to 23.5 °C (74.3 °F), while the coldest month is January with temperature ranging from 1.7 °C (35.1 °F) to 10.7 °C (51.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Nainital was 30 °C (86 °F) recorded on 18 June 1972, while the lowest temperature was −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) recorded on 17 January 1953. The winter season in Nainital commences by mid-November and lasts till mid-March. The temperature gradually declines from
1140-623: Is a mosque which was built in 1882 during the British Era for Muslims around Nainital. Over the main entrance one can see Arabic inscriptions. The most notable feature is the mihrab where a niche shows the direction towards Mecca. Temple of Naina Devi is located at the upper end of Naini lake. This temple is dedicated to the goddess of the town Naina Devi. Its complex becomes the location of the Nanda Devi Mela festival which held every year on Nandashtami during September. St. John in
1216-783: Is a solitary acorn . Quercus leucotrichophora flowers in April to May and fruits in December. Naturally, it regenerates via seeds. Quercus leucotrichophora is distributed in Northern India , Nepal , Myanmar , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . In Nepal, it naturally occurs at 1,500–2,700 metres (4,900–8,900 feet) in forested areas in association with Rhododendron arboreum , Lyonia ovalifolia , and Myrica esculenta . On south-facing slopes and disturbed areas it forms associations with Pinus roxburghii (chir pine). The fungus Lactarius abbotanus forms ectomycorrhizae with
1292-644: Is a town and headquarters of Nainital district of Kumaon division , Uttarakhand , India. It is the judicial capital of Uttarakhand, the High Court of the state being located there and is the headquarters of an eponymous district . It also houses the Governor of Uttarakhand , who resides in the Raj Bhavan . Nainital was the summer capital of the United Provinces . Nainital is located in
1368-648: Is also an integral part of Kumaoni folklore. Nainital Lake in Nainital Town of the Nainital district , often called the Lake District of India, is one of the four important lakes of Kumaon; the other three are Sattal Lake, Bhimtal Lake and Naukuchiyatal Lake. It's the 3rd biggest lake by surface area in Uttarakhand . Historical records confirm that in 1839, Mr. P. Barron, who is supposed to be
1444-749: Is by far the best site I have witnessed in the course of a 1,500 miles (2,400 km) trek in the Himalayas." In 1846, when a Captain Madden of the Bengal Artillery visited Naini Tal, he recorded that "houses were rapidly springing up in most parts of the settlement: some towards the crest of the military ranges were nearly 7,500 ft (2,300 m) above sea level: the rugged and woody Anyarpatta Aashish (Anyar-patt – in Kumaoni means – complete blackout. The reason for this nomenclature by
1520-432: Is completely located in the catchment area of the Nainital lake, which has highly folded and faulted rocks due to polyphase deformation. Landslides are a frequent occurrence in the hill slopes surrounding the lake, which are steep. The slopes are highly vulnerable to landslides and mass movement due to various geological and human factors. The first known landslip occurred in Nainital in 1866 on Alma hill, and in 1879 there
1596-629: Is known as Banjhi , Rainj , Khasarant , Tikhe bhanjh in standard Nepali and Sulsing in Tamang language . It is classified in subgenus Cerris , section Ilex . Some authors named it as Quercus incana Roxburgh, which is now treated as a synonym. Quercus leucotrichophora is an evergreen tree bearing stalked, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, leathery, and dark green leaves which are glabrous above and densely white or gray pubescent beneath. The male flowers are slender and drooping spikes. The female spikes are sessile and axillary. There
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#17327757901291672-467: Is second most popular religion in town of Nainital with approximately 11.91% following it. Christianity is followed by 0.92%, Jainism by 0.01%, Sikhism by 0.75% and Buddhism by 0.77%. Approximately 0.02% of the population were either atheists or followed 'no particular religion'. Nainital in 1880 had a population of 10,054, which consisted of 6,862 Hindus, 1,748 Muslims, 1,348 Europeans, 34 Eurasians, 57 Native Christians and 5 'others'. Kumaonis form
1748-574: Is the Naina Peak, with a height of 2,619 m (8,593 ft). The town is located in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas at a distance of 285 km (177 mi) from the state capital Dehradun and 345 km (214 mi) from New Delhi , the capital of India. The town is set in a valley around the Nainital Lake - an eye-shaped lake, which is located at an altitude of 1,940 m (6,350 ft) from sea level. The lake
1824-544: The Tor putitora : The yellow finned mahseer , a food fish which grows to varying sizes from 20 to 60 cm (7.87 to 23.62 inches) are found. Three species of Hill Trout are found in the lake: the Schizothorax sinuatus , Schizothorax richardsoni and Schizothorax plagiostornus . The imported fish bred in the lake is Mirror carp or Cyprinus carpio . Gambusia affinis also called Mosquitofish has been introduced in
1900-679: The 2019 Indian general elections by 3,39,096 votes against Harish Rawat from the Congress , who was also the former chief minister of the state . Prior to the delimitation of the Loksabha Constituencies of Uttarakhand in 2008, the town was a part of the Nainital Lok Sabha constituency . Generally considered a Congress Stronghold, the Congress has registered a victory from Nainital eight times since 1951. While
1976-410: The Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas at a distance of 276 km (171 mi) from the state capital Dehradun and 314 km (195 mi) from New Delhi , the capital of India. Situated at an altitude of 1,938 metres (6,358 ft) above sea level, the town is set in a valley containing an eye-shaped lake , approximately two miles in circumference, and surrounded by mountains, of which
2052-538: The BJP has won this seat three times, several other political parties have also managed three victories. A popular hill station, Nainital has numerous tourist spots including Nainital Lake , Naina Peak 8622ft , The Selva Valley , Hanumangarhi and G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo . Nainital is Kumaon's most well known hill station, and its premier tourist destination The Nainital zoo located on Tallital, Sher Ka Danda Hill at height of 2,100m or 6900 ft above sea level. The zoo
2128-718: The British colonial officials or soldiers. The Diocesan Girls' High School, now known as All Saints' College, was established in 1869, near where the High Court of Uttarakhand stands today. By 1906, there were over half a dozen such schools, including the Diocesan Boys' School (later renamed Sherwood College ) and the Philander Smith's college (later renamed Halett War School, currently Birla Vidya Mandir ). St. Joseph's College, Nainital (popularly known as SEM),
2204-487: The Tiffin Top to the south west side and snow view peaks on the north. Coniferous forest trees cover these hill ranges. The annual rainfall in the basin area of the lake is reported to be 1,294.5 mm (50.96 in). Tropical monsoon climate with maximum temperature 24.6 °C and minimum of 0.5 °C are recorded. The water is reported to be alkaline in nature (ph value of 8.4–9.3). The lake receives flows from
2280-882: The Uttarakhand Academy of Administration, Library and Documentation Center, Mallital, the ARIES Observatory Library, and the Kumaon University Library, Nainital. Nainital can be reached by the National Highway 109 (previously National Highway 87) from Haldwani , 40 km (25 mi) away, or by State Highway 13 from Bajpur , 60 km (37 mi) away. The nearest airport is in Pantnagar near Rudrapur , about 71 km (44 mi) from Nainital. Alliance Air , Air Heritage and Deccan Charters are
2356-609: The Wilderness is one of the oldest and finest churches in Nainital. The Church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. This Anglican Church was built in 1846 and is one of the earliest buildings erected in Nainital. The Mall Road is a shopping area in Nainital. It has many shops, restaurants and road side sellers. Eco Cave Gardens is a cluster of naturally formed rocky caves. It is close to the Mall Road. It has 6 caves formed in
Nainital Lake - Misplaced Pages Continue
2432-485: The a) Potamogeton pectinatus , 2) Potamogeton crispus , 3) Polygonum glabrum , 4) Polygonum amphibium and Polygonum hydropiper ( Water pepper ). Several species of medicinal flora and horticulture plants have also been reported. The fishes found in the lake are generally carps : species of mahseer , hill trout, and the mirror carp which breed several times during one spawning season during May to September. Two species of mahaseer fish are present: Tor tor ,
2508-582: The basic database to formulate guidelines for the dredging operations and/or restoration programmes in the lake. The water quality studies carried out by the National Institute of Hydrology during 1999–2001 on physico-chemical parameters ( pH , temperature profile, Secchi's transparency, dissolved oxygen , BOD , COD and nutrients ), biological profile (density of population, biomass and species diversity of phyto, zooplankton and macrobenthos ) and bacteriological characteristics have led to
2584-443: The conclusion that long-term limnological changes have occurred in the lake. Excess of nutrients inflow have contributed to the eutrophic conditions and the internal recycling of nutrients from sediments during water circulation has resulted in luxurious growth of phytoplankton . The lake is thus anoxic and has reduced hypolimnion , winter circulation, large phytoplankton and relatively lower animal population. The problems facing
2660-406: The first half of March. By mid-March, there is a progressive rise in temperature, which indicates the onset of the summer season. While days get slightly warmer; the nights continue to be cool. There is a constant increase in temperature during May and early June when the highest temperature is recorded. The months of March and April are also associated with the occurrence of hailstorms , which brings
2736-545: The first one who visited Nainital. He was an English business man in sugar trade, on an expedition accidentally coming across the lake at Nainital was so captivated that he decided to build a European Colony on shores of the lake. The news magazine, the Englishman Calcutta , reported in 1841 discovery of this lake near Almora . The lake is bounded by the high and steep Naina peak on the North West side, by
2812-454: The highest are Naina Peak (2,615 m (8,579 ft)) on the north, Deopatha (2,438 m (7,999 ft)) on the west, and Ayarpatha (2,278 m (7,474 ft)) on the south. From the tops of the higher peaks, "magnificent views can be obtained of the vast plain to the south, or of the mass of tangled ridges lying north, bound by the great snowy range which forms the central axis of the Himalayas." The hill station attracts tourists round
2888-509: The hilltop, now submerged in wintry night, solitary with a kind of Wuthering Heights mystery. Down below, the lake is a laminated stillness, protected by seven never-sleeping hills. In the dead darkness of Kumaon , this magnificence is a distant, partially lit vision, less than real, as the hills of frozen memories make the lake a footnote in water. The Nainital Yacht Club , housed in the Boat House Club, offers yachting facilities at
2964-439: The lake as a biocontrol measure to control Mosquito larvae . As of the 2011 Indian census , Nainital had a population of 41,377. Males constitute 52.3% of the population and females 47.7%, which gives the town a sex ratio of 911 women per every 1000 men, which is less than the Uttarakhand state average of 963 women per every 1000 men. The population density was 3527.45 people per square km. There were 9,329 housing units in
3040-402: The lake for the biocontrol of mosquito larvae . Nine species of birds and nine species of animals have been recorded in the Nainital district. A scientific study indicates that the open drains feeding the lake introduce toxic substances from the catchment of the lake, particularly heavy metals which get adsorbed onto the suspended sediments, which in turn settle down in the bottom of
3116-489: The lake including the 3 perennial drains. Nainital is surrounded by the mountains of Ayarpata (2,344 m (7,689 ft)), Devpata (2,435 m (7,989 ft)), Handibandi (2,180 m (7,153 ft)), Chini, (2,612 m (8,568 ft)), Alma (2,430 m (7,980 ft)), Lariya Kanta (2,482 m (8,144 ft)) and Sher ka Danda (2,398 m (7,869 ft)). The Krol group of rocks, comprising slates , marls , sandstones , limestones and dolomites with
Nainital Lake - Misplaced Pages Continue
3192-544: The lake is also required to be prevented;(iv) Multi-storeyed group housing and commercial complexes have to be banned in the town area of Naini Tal. Building of small residential houses on flat areas could, however, be permitted;(v) The offence of illegal felling of trees is required to be made cognizable.(vi) Vehicular traffic on the Mall has to be reduced. Heavy vehicles may not be permitted to ply on Mall;(vii) The fragile nature of Ballia Ravine has to be taken care of. The cracks in
3268-585: The lake which were also listed in the plea in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) before the Supreme Court of India in 1995 seeking court directive for redress measures could be summarised as below: The National Institute of Hydrology (NIH) of Roorkee who prepared a plan for the restoration of the lake, at an estimated cost of Rs 50 crore (about US$ 10 million), sponsored by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, are also now guiding
3344-566: The lake, where a fleet of Half Raters, designed by Linton Hope , sails. It is also known for its boating, birding, and scenic views. The Annual Kingfisher Yachting Competition ( Regatta ) is held here in the third week of June. The Kumaon festival which brings out the local cultures and traditions is organized every year during the winter months of October and November, by the Tourism Department. Nainital Nainital ( Kumaoni : Naintāl ; pronounced [nɛnːtaːl] )
3420-412: The lake. A study of the risk assessment code has revealed that 4–13% of manganese , 4–8% of copper , 17–24% of nickel , 3–5% of chromium , 13–26% of lead , 14–23% of cadmium and 2–3% of zinc exist in exchangeable fraction which puts the lake under the low to medium risk category and infers that it could enter into food chain and also cause deleterious effects to aquatic life. This study provides
3496-429: The lake. The Aquatic Macrophytic vegetation include Potamogeton pectinatus , Potamogeton crispus , Polygonum glabrum , Polygonum amphibium and Polygonum hydropiper ( Water pepper ). The fishes found in the lake are generally carps Mahseer , and the mirror carp which breed several times during one spawning season during May to September. Two species of Mahaseer fish viz., Tor tor: The red finned mahseer and
3572-429: The lake; (ii) So far as the drains which ultimately fall in the lake are concerned, it has to be seen that building materials are not allowed to be heaped on the drains to prevent siltation of the lake;(iii) Care has been taken to see that horse dung does not reach the lake. If for this purpose the horse stand has to be shifted somewhere, the same would be done. The authorities would examine whether trotting of horses around
3648-448: The locals was because there were minimal sun rays due to its location and dense forests) was being gradually planted and that the favourite sites were on the undulating tract of forest land which stretched back from the head of the lake to the base of China and Deopatta (Camel's Hump). The church, St. John(1846) in the Wilderness, was one of the earliest buildings in Nainital, followed by Belvedere, Alma lodge, Ashdale Cottage(1860)..." Soon,
3724-563: The major part of the town's population along with people from all over India. A person from Nainital is called Naintālwāl in Kumaoni. Wāl is the Kumaoni term for resident. Hindi is the official language, while Sanskrit is the additional official language of the town. Kumaoni is the native language and is the most spoken language in the town. Hindi and English also serve as lingua franca between locals and tourists/outsiders. The municipal board of Nainital had its origin in 1845, when
3800-445: The middle Himalayan ranges up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft), a temperate zone ), is rich in flora (typical temperate climate plants) and fauna. The trees and bushes grown in the region (lake's basin) with their botanical and common Indian names (in parentheses) are : Quercus leucotrichophora Oak (Banj), Aesculus indica (Pangar or Horse chestnuts), Juglans regia (Akhrot or walnut), Populus ciliata (Hill Pipal,
3876-414: The monsoon gets weakened and rain occurs generally after long intervals. With the retreat of the monsoon, the winds blow in a reverse direction. The weather during the post-monsoon months is characterised by bright skies. It is in fact a transition between the rains and the winters and with reduced rainfall, the monthly temperature records a progressive decline till mid-January. The areas around Nainital (in
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#17327757901293952-412: The month of November onwards and January is the coldest month. Frost and mist are common features in the months of December and January. Occasionally widespread rainfall also occurs due to western disturbance , with snow occurring on peaks higher than 2000m. The winter rainfall is sometimes associated with cyclonic activities. The temperature, however, shows an increasing trend by the end of February or
4028-525: The people can pay homage to the Goddess. The spot where Sati's right eye (or Nain ) fell, came to be called Nain-tal or lake of the eye. The goddess Shakti is worshiped at the Naina Devi Temple, known by locals as Naini Mata Temple on the north shore of the present day lake. Nainital has historically been a part of the Kumaon region . After the fall of Katyuri Dynasty in 10th century, Kumaon
4104-714: The provisions of the Act I of 1842 were sanctioned by the government in the town, which then applied to approximately two thirds of the total population. Nainital town is represented in the Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament , by a representative elected from the Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar Constituency . Ajay Bhatt (politician) , from BJP , is the current Member of Parliament from Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar. He won
4180-452: The red-finned mahseer, and Tor putitora the yellow-finned mahseer, a food fish which grows to varying sizes from 20 to 60 cm (8 to 23.5 in) are reported. The three species of hill trout found in the lake are Schizothorax sinuatus , S. richardsoni and S. plagiostornus . The imported fish bred in the lake is mirror carp, a variety of the common carp Cyprinus carpio . The mosquitofish Gambusia affinis has been introduced in
4256-507: The restoration measures. The Conservation and Management Plan evolved by NIH is not only lake centric but also proposes to tackle the immediate periphery of the lake which contributes an adverse impact on the lake. The "Nainital Jheel Parikshetra Vishesh Kshetra Vikas Pradhikaran", the Lake Development Authority notified under U.P. Special Area Development Act 1986 is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) set up for implementing
4332-502: The restoration works. The restoration works that have been implemented or are in different stages of implementation are the following: The Honourable Supreme Court of India in its judgment of 1995, in response to the Public Interest Litigation, gave the following recommendations which have also been addressed in the restoration measures mentioned above. (i)Sewage water has to be prevented at any cost from entering
4408-476: The revetment of Ballia Nullah have to be repaired urgently. In the "India Today" magazine, Prasanta Rajan, a journalist, in a preamble to the particular interest shown by the Lady District Magistrate of Nainital in restoration works of the lake has very vividly described the lake in these words: Look for the lake through the colonial windows of Pant House, a vintage English bungalow on
4484-509: The roots of this tree. The tree is affected with many types of leaf galls caused by different types of insects. Many Cecidomyiidae genera such as Asphondylia , Lasioptera and Dasineura are known to cause plant galls. An unknown Itonididae (cecidomyiid) caused pouch leaf galls on the tree. The Banj oak is among the most useful trees of the Himalayas . It is extensively lopped (or branch pruned) for fuelwood and its wood has
4560-495: The shape of animals. Tourists can visit the caves from 9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. every day of the week. Naina Peak is a sightseeing place situated at an altitude of 2611 meters. It gives a view of the Himalayas range and a birdseye view of Nainital. There are a number of libraries in the Nainital area. Among them are the Durga Lal Shah Municipal Public Library on the Mall, founded in 1934,
4636-403: The surrounding catchment basin which comprises the hill slopes and springs . The hydrologic studies related to water balance and sedimentation was done using radioisotopes for estimating/measuring the various components of the inflow and outflow into the lake. Studies indicated that the subsurface inflow and outflow were significant – ranging from 43 to 63% and 41 to 54%, respectively, of
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#17327757901294712-513: The three carriers, that connect the airport to Delhi , Dehradun and Pithoragarh . The closest major railway station is Kathgodam , on the outskirts of Haldwani, which is connected with almost all major cities of the country. In the latter half of the 19th century a number of "European" schools for boys and girls were founded in Nainital. During the Victorian and Edwardian eras, students in these schools consisted largely of children of
4788-520: The total inflow and outflow, except in years of exceptionally heavy rainfall. The components of outflows were the surface outflow, the subsurface outflow through the springs on the downstream side and draft through wells for meeting the water supply of Nainital town and evaporation loss from the lake surface. The mean water retention time for the lake was computed as 1.16 years for the mean annual rainfall. The Krol group of rocks, comprising slates , marls , sandstones , limestones and dolomites with
4864-474: The town at an average density of 795.31 households per square km. 9.54% of the population is under 6 years of age. In 2011, Nainital had an average literacy rate of 92.93%, higher than the Uttarakhand state average of 78.82% - around 96.09% males and 89.47% females in the town are literate. A special Census taken in September 1880, at the height of the tourism season, returned a total population of 10,054 for
4940-420: The town became a health resort favoured by British soldiers and by colonial officials and their families trying to escape the heat of the plains. Later, the town became the summer residence of the governor of the United Provinces . On 18 September 1880 a landslide ('the landslip of 1880') occurred at the north end of the town, burying 151 people. The first known landslide had occurred in 1866(old Victoria hotel
5016-492: The town's climate is influenced by the elevation. The town is a bit dry during winter and very wet during summer due to South Asian monsoon system . The lowest precipitation total occurs in November with total 7.9 millimetres (0.31 in), while the highest precipitation total occurs in July with total 725 millimetres (28.5 in). Like most places in temperate region , Nainital has a relatively cool summer. The hottest month
5092-498: The town. However, the official Census in February 1881 returned the population, then at its lowest, at 6,576. The population slightly rose in the following decade, rising to 8,455 in 1891 . After dropping to 7,609 in 1901, it remained steady in the coming two decades; 10,270 in 1911 and 11,230 in 1921. The population took another drop, when the 1931 and 1941 censuses returned a population of 9,741 and 9,539 respectively, but has seen
5168-713: The whole hillside one mass of semi-fluid matter, and required little to set in motion. The motive power was a shock of a minor earthquake, which was felt on that day itself by competent observers in the Bhabar below and Nainital itself. On the site of the Slip was the Victoria Hotel and its offices, and below it was the Hindu temple of "naina devi" and the Assembly Rooms, both by the side of the lake, and Bell's shop, which
5244-465: The year. It is believed that the Naini Lake is one of the 51 Shakti Peeths , based on the story of the death of the goddess Sati . Out of grief and sorrow, Shiva carried Sati's body, reminiscing about their moments as a couple, and roamed around the universe with it. Vishnu had cut her body into 52 body parts, using his Sudarshana Chakra , which fell on Earth to become sacred sites where all
5320-438: Was a larger one at the same spot. The greatest landslide in Nainital occurred on 18 September 1880, on the slope which rising from the north of the flats ends at Alma peak, and resulted in 151 people being buried under the debris. Another heavy landslip occurred on 17 August 1898 outside the Nainital valley. Nainital experiences a subtropical highland climate ( Cwb ) according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification system as
5396-440: Was close to the temple. Initial slip started around 10 am of 18 September, taking away western wing of the Victoria Hotel and portion of the hotel's out-houses. Tragically, most of the people were not moved much further away from the spot of the morning slip. At quarter to two the major landslip occurred and within few seconds all the buildings mentioned above were destroyed and made into an unrecognisable heap of rubble and much of it
5472-425: Was destroyed), and in 1869 there was a larger one at the same spot, Alma Hill, but "the great slip" occurred on "Saturday 18 September 1880." "During Friday(17th) and Saturday(18th), 33 inches of rain fell, of which 20 inches (510 mm) to 25 in (640 mm) fell during the 40 hours preceding Saturday evening, and the downpour still lasted and continued till the evening of the next day. This heavy fall made
5548-552: Was divided into several small princely states, and the region around Nainital was under various branches of a Khasiya family. The first dynasty to achieve consolidated dominance over Kumaon after the Katyuris was the Chand dynasty , but it took many centuries and Nainital and its surroundings were one of the last areas to be absorbed. Trilok Chand had built a fort at Bhimtal in the thirteenth century, But at that time, Nainital itself
5624-639: Was not under the Chand rule, and was situated near the western border of the Kingdom. During the reign of Udyan Chand, the western boundary of the Chand kingdom extended to the Koshi and Suyal rivers, but Ramgarh and Kota were still under the former Khasia rule. Kirat Chand, who ruled from 1488 to 1503 was finally able to establish authority over Nainital and the surrounding region. The Khasia chiefs made an attempt to regain their independence in 1560, when they enjoyed
5700-541: Was officially named as G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo . The Nainital Yacht Club , situated along the lake, is run by the Boat House Club. It is the highest yacht club in India and among the highest clubs in the world. It was founded in 1910 by the British and, till 1970, was only open to members. Today, tourists can pay for a sailing session on the yachts. The Jama Masjid of Nainital is located in Mallital area of Nainital
5776-535: Was swept into the lake." The number of dead and missing were 108 Indian and 43 Europeans, along with numerous people who narrowly escaped. (See poem by Hannah Battersby on the page Literary references to Nainital .) The Assembly Rooms and the Naina Devi Temple were destroyed in the disaster. A recreation area known as 'The Flats' was later built on the site and a new temple was erected. To prevent further disasters, storm water drains were constructed and building bylaws were made stricter. A mass stabbing occurred at
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